Rosa Santana al'ada ce ta ado wacce ake yawan amfani da ita wajen yin ado da lambun. Tare da taimakon wannan shuka, yana yiwuwa a yi ado arbor ko arches, kazalika da yin shinge. Don samun nasarar haɓaka amfanin gona, ya fi dacewa a samar da shi ta hanyar da ta dace. Kafin dasa hawan hawan ya tashi Santana nazarin bayanin al'adar.
Rosa Santana (Santana) - wane nau'in nau'ikan, tarihin halitta
Asalin al'ada yana da alaƙa da sunan ɗan ƙasar Jamus Matthias Tantau. A cikin 1906, ya buɗe ɗakin renonsa kuma yana cikin aikin namo sabbin iri. An kirkiro fure da ire-iren wannan bayan mutuwar mai shayarwa. Wannan rijiyar ta yi rijista a 1985. Wanda ya wallafa shi ne Hans Jürgen Evenson.
Al'adar tana da kyawawan kaddarorin kayan ado.
Sanarwar takaice, halayyar mutum
Al'adar sauƙaƙe ta dace da tsarin shimfidar wuri na lambun. Babban halayensa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
- tsayin shuka ya kai 3 m, kuma nisa - 2 m;
- Akwai bambancin launuka mara nauyi ta hanyar launi mai duhu mai duhu;
- harbe na wardi an rufe shi da yawa inflorescences, tare da 3-7 buds shiga kowane bunch;
- furannin da aka bude suna da kamannin kofin kuma sun kai 12 cm a diamita;
- shuka yana da tsayayya da sanyi;
- al'ada tana buƙatar yalwar hasken rana;
- yana ba da izinin ruwan sama mai nauyi kuma baya jinkirin fure;
- furanni gaba daya sun rufe rassan;
- ya bambanta cikin juriya ga cututtukan fata da cututtukan fata;
- tare da kulawa da ta dace, zai iya yin fure sau biyu yayin kakar.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Makullin mahimmancin shuka ya ƙunshi masu zuwa:
- unpretentiousness ga girma yanayi;
- rashin sani ga barin;
- juriya daga cututtuka da kwari;
- kayan ado na ban mamaki.
Babban hasara shine ƙarancin ƙanshin wardi. Koyaya, yana nan har ma yana ji a nesa.
Yi amfani da zane mai faɗi
Ana amfani da tsire-tsire sau da yawa don dalilai na ado. Hawan sama Santana ya dace don yin shinge, arbor, arches. Daga gare ta ƙirƙirar garlands kuma amfani da su don rufe gine-ginen mummuna.
Za'a haɗu da al'adun tare da wasu tsire-tsire. Yayi kyau tare da sauran bushes - alal misali, tare da hawan Sonata. Hakanan, ana iya shuka shuka kusa da furanni masu ƙarancin ko bishiyoyi.
Ana amfani da fure-fure sau da yawa don ado zane
Shuka fure, yadda za a shuka a buɗe
Don cin nasara cikin amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da aikin dasa.
A wace hanya ake sauka
Don dasa shuki suna amfani da shuki. Yana da mahimmanci a zabi tsire-tsire ba tare da lalacewa a fili ba. Bushes tare da ingantattun Tushen tushen ya fi dacewa. Tsirrai masu inganci suna da rassa da yawa masu ƙarfi.
Wani lokaci ne saukowa
An ba da shawarar shuka amfanin gona a cikin bazara - a watan Afrilu ko Mayu. Hakanan an halatta ayi hakan a lokacin kaka - a watan Satumba ko Oktoba.
Zaɓin wuri
Ana dasa wardi a cikin yanki mai cike da wuta. Yana da mahimmanci cewa shafin yana da cikakkiyar iska. A wannan yanayin, zayyana zuwa shuka suna contraindicated.
Mahimmanci! Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai kasance kudu ko kudu maso yamma na shafin. An dasa daji a kan karamin tudu.
Yadda ake shirya ƙasa da furen domin shuka
Kafin dasa shuki al'adar a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar riƙe shi cikin ruwa, cire ƙoshin ganye da yawa kuma ku bi da tushen tushen tare da maganin rigakafi. Ana iya yin wannan tare da bayani na taro na tagulla na kashi 3%.
Mataki hanyar saukarwa mataki-mataki
Domin Santana ya tashi haɓaka da kyau, dole ne a dasa ta daidai:
- Da farko tono lokacin hutu Ya cancanci ƙara ruwa da humus.
- Yanke tushen da iyakar 30 cm.
- Lokacin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar binne shuka a santimita 33-34. Bayan wannan, binne gangar jikin ciyawar ta cm 20. Wannan zai tabbatar da lokacin hunturu na al'ada.
- Gyara daji. Wannan yana ƙarfafa ci gabanta.
Saukowa yana da mahimmanci
Kula da tsiro
Santana fure an dauki wata al'ada unpretentious al'adu. Koyaya, tana buƙatar wani kulawa.
Watering dokokin da zafi
Al'adar ba ta buƙatar yawan danshi ƙasa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a shayar da shi sau ɗaya a mako. A karkashin daji, zuba guga 1 na ruwa.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin zabar tsarin shayarwa, yana da daraja la'akari da sifofin yanayi. A cikin ruwan sama, yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa ya ragu, kuma a cikin yanayin zafi yana ƙaruwa.
Dole ne a shayar da shuka yadda ya dace
Manyan miya da ingancin ƙasa
A cikin shekarar farko, ba za a iya ciyar da shuka ba. Bayan pruning a cikin bazara, yana da daraja ƙara takin ma'adinai. Urea ko ammonium nitrate zaɓi ne mai kyau.
Bayan kwanaki 10, yana da daraja a sanya takin, wanda zai daidaita tushen da ƙarin abubuwa. A lokacin ƙirƙirar buds, ana amfani da kwayoyin - busassun kaza ko mullein. A watan Satumba, ana amfani da samfuran Organic ruwa.
Yin daskarewa da dasawa
Hawan fure ya buƙaci a yanka kuma a shirya shi a kan kari. Idan ba a yi hakan ba, daji zai gina taro kore. A wannan yanayin, shuka ba zai cika yin fure ba.
Trimming fure yana cikin shiri don hunturu. A lokaci guda, yana da daraja cire tsoffin harbe da rage matasa.
Lush da tsawo furanni take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa a ƙarshen shekara ta uku na rayuwa, rauni da manyan harbe an lura. Yakamata a yanke su, su bar mafi ƙarfi da za su ja da baya. A cikin bazara, yana da daraja cire lalatattun lebur da ba shuka ga kyakkyawan tsari.
Juya fure har sai dai ba lallai ba ne a bada shawarar sosai ba. Idan irin wannan buƙatu ta taso, a ci nasara a kan amsar ƙasa.
Siffofin hunturu fure
An bada shawara don shirya shuka don hunturu kawai a cikin yanayin bushe. Don yin wannan, yi waɗannan masu biyowa:
- A ƙarshen bazara, dakatar da kwance ƙasa.
- Cire rassan daga goyan baya da bincika. A wannan matakin, yana da daraja cire fashewar lalatattun.
- Sanya daji akan busasshen ganye ko rassan spruce.
- Tare da tsananin sanyi, rufe fure daga sama.
Mahimmanci! A cikin ruwan sanyi, ba a buƙatar ƙarin rufi. Wannan zai haifar da sakamako na greenhouse da kuma juyawar shuka.
Gudun wardi
Wannan fure ne halin da yawan ciyawa. A wannan lokacin, al'ada tana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Lokacin aiki da hutawa
Buds na iya yin fure sau biyu yayin kakar. A karo na farko wannan ya faru a farkon Yuni, na biyu - a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Fulawa tayi har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Littattafan suna da girma da launuka masu haske. A cikin hunturu, shuka ya fara lokacin sanyi.
Kula a lokacin da bayan fure
A lokacin furanni, ana buƙatar shuka tsiro. Bayan buds sun fadi, dole ne a cire su nan da nan. In ba haka ba, furanni masu wilted zasu kwashe abubuwan gina jiki. Wannan yana hana cikakken ci gaban al'adu.
Tare da kulawar da ta dace, fure na fure lushly
Abin da za a yi idan ba a yi fure ba, zai iya haifar da dalilai
Rashin fure ya samo asali ne sakamakon keta ka'idoji don kula da amfanin gona. Mafi sau da yawa wannan shine saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, sharar ruwa mara kyau, keta dokokin pruning. Don cimma nasarar fure, ya dace ayi gyare-gyare don aiwatar da ayyukan gona.
Yabon fure
An ba da shawarar yin yaduwar al'ada ta hanyar ciyayi. A wannan halin, dole ne a la'akari da wasu fasalolin.
Lokacin da aka samar
Yaduwa ta hanyar yanke ya kamata a za'ayi bayan farkon kalaman na fure. Kiwo al'adun kebantar al'adun gargajiya a cikin bazara.
Cikakken bayanin
Mafi kyawun zaɓi don haifuwa ana ɗaukar su cut ne. Da farko kuna buƙatar bincika manyan rassan kuma zaɓi mafi m. Sannan yana da kyau a datse ciyawar da kanta. Ya kamata a yi sashi na sama kai tsaye daga koda, da ƙananan a wani kwana kusa da koda. Ya kamata a dasa ciyawar da aka shirya a cikin yashi kuma a rufe da gilashi. Needsasa tana buƙatar ta da hankali.
Lokacin girma amfanin gona ta hanyar farashi, ana bada shawara ga yayyafa ƙananan lashes tare da ƙasa da yashi da ruwa mai yawa. A shekara mai zuwa, yanke yankan daga bishiyoyi da dasa su a shafin dindindin.
Kuna iya yaduwar al'adar ta sare
Cututtuka, kwari da hanyoyi don magance su
Wannan al'ada tana da tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. Koyaya, wani lokacin akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Mafi yawan lokuta, al'adu ne mai saukin kamuwa da irin wannan cututtukan:
- Kwayar cutar kansa - tushen tsirran ya sha wahala, an rufe shi da tufar ƙuraje. Don hana cutar, ana kula da shuka tare da sulfate na jan karfe.
- Powdery mildew - tare da bayyanar da farin shafi a kan ganye. Ya kamata a tsage kayan amfanin gona da kuma ƙone su.
- Black spotting - a wannan yanayin, ganye da ganyayyaki an rufe su da baƙar fata. Ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire masu rai kuma a ƙone su. Cutar na faruwa tare da rashi na potassium da phosphorus.
Mahimmanci! Dankin zai iya fama da kwari - aphids, ticks, da bear. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da kwari.
Santana sanannen sanannen kayan ado ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin adon gaske na lambun. Wannan tsire-tsire marasa kwalliya suna gamsar da kyawawan furanni da yalwatacce duk lokacin bazara. Don al'adun su riƙe kayan adonsu na ado muddin zai yiwu, dole ne a shayar da shi, a datsa, a ciyar da shi kan lokaci.
