Pelargonium tsire-tsire ne na iri da ke cikin dangin Geranium. Yana da nau'ikan 350. Nau'in Balsamic, Acidic, Nasturtian suna cikin gida ɗaya.
Wurin haifuwa na pelargonium shine savannah na Afirka ta Kudu, inda take da zafi. Masana kimiyya daga baya sun gano shi a Indiya, Madagascar da Ostiraliya.
Bayanin Pelargonium
Mai tushe na iya zama madaidaiciya, jera shi, creeping. Ganyayyaki masu sauƙi ne, petiolate, dissected, tabular, an rufe shi da karamin villi. Saboda babban abun ciki na mahimman abubuwa suna da takamaiman ƙanshin yaji mai daɗi. Su launi ne mamaye kore, akwai iri na ado iri.
Furannin suna da ƙananan, tattara a cikin laima inflorescences, located kusa da juna, mafi yawan lokuta suna da petals 5, bambanta a cikin girman. Launuka a cikin kiwo na zamani sun bambanta. A al'adance fari, ruwan hoda da ja.
A kan shuka ɗaya a lokaci guda, zaku iya ganin fure marasa tushe, lushly blooming gungu, walƙiyar furanni.
Tsaba ya girma a cikin akwatin 'ya'yan itace. Lokacin da ya buɗe, ya zama kamar baki mai naman alade. Wannan yana bayyana sunan pelargonium, wanda a cikin fassarar yana nufin alade.
A Rasha, ɗaukakar furanni na bourgeois an sanya ta cikin ciki, kuma a cikin Turai, ya yi akasin haka, ana ɗaukar furen fure na aristocrats. Wani mashahurin shuka ne a Amurka.
Sau da yawa ana amfani da ƙirar lambu, a cikin karkarar birane, saboda yana da ƙwararrun marasa amfani kuma masu saurin shayarwa. Kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan da launuka suna ba ku damar aiwatar da kowane ayyukan ƙira.
Bambanci tsakanin pelargonium da geranium
An fi sanin tsirran da ake kira geranium. Amma wannan ba haka bane. Wurin haifuwa na pelargonium shine asalin kudu a duniya, geranium an haife shi a arewacin. Saboda haka bambanci a cikin sanyi juriya. Yawancin lokaci pelargonium tsire-tsire ne na cikin gida, geranium shine tsire-tsire na lambu. Ingetare geraniums da pelargonium, ba shi yiwuwa a sami tsaba.
Duk da cewa waɗannan nau'ikan halittu iri ɗaya ne na dangi guda, suna da abubuwa da yawa gama gari:
- unpretentious
- girma cikin sauri - har zuwa 30 cm a shekara;
- sauƙin kiwo;
- Bloom na cikin gida shekara-shekara.
Istswararru na iya bambance ɗaya nau'in daga wani, kuma masu girban fure ba su haɗa mahimmancin juzuwar su ba.
Nau'in da nau'ikan pelargonium
A cikin wallafe-wallafe na musamman, ana nazarin pelargonium sosai, daruruwan nau'ikan iri daban-daban da iri tare da hotuna da sunaye. Mafi mashahuri:
| Dubawa | Bayanin |
| Bangare | Mafi na kowa. Tana da nau'ikan sama da 75,000. Na farkon wanda ya fara girma cikin ciyawar cikin gida. Ana ba da sunan ta hanyar hasken wutar lantarki a gindi daga cikin takardar. Blooms profusely, jefa har zuwa 10 peduncles a lokaci guda. Yana da halayyar geranium na halayyar. |
| Rosebud | Furanni kamar fure. Launin duk tabarau na ja, ruwan hoda. Wasu nau'ikan ana fentin su a murjani, kifin masara, peach, orange. |
| Tulip-mai siffa | Littattafan rabin-buɗe suna kama da tulips |
| Terry | Kowane fure yana da filaflai sama da 9. |
| Wanda ba shi da sau biyu | Furanni sun ƙunshi fure guda 5, tabbatacce. Ganyayyaki sun bambanta. |
| M | Ganyayyaki suna da ƙarfi sosai, an killace su zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin magunguna, maganin gida, ƙanshin wuta. Yana warkar da iska a cikin ɗakin. |
| Epithelial (mai girma) | Ganyayyaki sun yi laushi, harbe-harben tsayi ne. Gabaɗaya, kayan lambu suna kama da aiwi. Furen furanni, bicolor na biyu-fari (farin-m) tare da koren fure. |
| Sarauniya | Mafi kyawun gani. Yana buƙatar kulawa fiye da wasu. Bambanci a cikin yalwatacce da dogon fure. Furanni suna da yawa, mai kaɗa, kusan 7 cm faɗi. Petals koyaushe ne sautin biyu. Tabbatattun launuka, ruwan hoda, da mulufi masu launin shuɗi. Areaukan bushes suna da ƙarfi, har zuwa tsayi 50 cm, thean itacen yana kama da ganyayyaki Maple. |
| Mala'ika | Tare da kananan ganye da kuma creeping mai tushe. Furannin furanni ba su da girma, amma suna da kyau sosai da kayan fure-iri daban-daban na farin da launi mai burgundy. Flow yana da yawa. Ga alama mai kyau a rataye filayen fure. |
Girma pelargonium a gida
Plantungiyar ba ta da ma'ana a cikin kulawa, ya dace da masu farawa na lambu, saboda yana girma cikin sauri, fure mai kyau, kuma yana yada sauƙi.
Wuri / Haske
Pelargonium yana ƙaunar wuraren da ke da kyau-hasken wuta, baya jin tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye. Jirgin sama zai hana shi yin zafi sosai, kuma ba ta jin tsoron zane-zanen.
A shuka ba ji tsoron wani canji na wuri. Ana shawarar geraniums na cikin gida don lokaci-lokaci a fakaice zuwa matakai daban-daban zuwa ga haske, saboda kambi ya ci gaba.
Zazzabi
+ 20 ... +25 ° C - mafi kyawun zazzabi don kula da pelargonium a gida.
A cikin hunturu, wasu nau'ikan, amma ba duka ba, ana iya sanya su a kan baranda mai walƙiya ko veranda, inda iska take dumama + 5 ... +15 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci a wannan lokacin don kare shuka daga zayyana.
Haushi
Pelargonium ya fi son busassun iska zuwa rigar iska. Don haka yanayin yawancin ɗakunan gidaje sun dace sosai da ita. Tsire-tsire masu buƙatar humidifiers sune maƙwabta mara kyau a gare ta.
Spraying pelargonium ba da shawarar ba. Saukad da ruwa suna kan villi kuma suna iya haifar da lalata, kuma idan aka fallasa su zuwa hasken rana, yi aiki azaman ruwan tabarau kuma yana haifar da ƙonewar zafi.
Watse
Pelargonium yana da tsayayya ga fari, shayar da fure ya zama matsakaici kuma kawai bayan ƙasa ƙasa ta bushe.
Dubawa idan lokaci yayi da ruwa yanada sauki. Kuna buƙatar taɓa saman ƙasa a cikin tukunya da yatsunsu. Idan ƙasa ba ta tsaya ga yatsunsu ba, amma ana crumbles, ana iya shayar da shuka.
Manyan miya
Shuka yana buƙatar m, haske, drained ƙasa.
Yalwatacce da tsawancin fure zai samar da ciyarwa ta yau da kullun - lokaci 1 a mako. Kuna iya ƙara taki a cikin ƙarami maida hankali (kusan 1:10 na al'ada) tare da kowane ruwa.
Duk wani ruwa mai saka idanu don tsire-tsire na cikin gida ya dace. Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar wuce gona da iri - takin gargajiya, wanda a cikin busassun ake zuba akan ƙasa. Dissolving hankali a lokacin watering, sun shiga cikin ƙasa.
A cikin dormancy na hunturu, an dakatar da saka riguna na sama. A cikin bazara, ana amfani da takin gargajiya don gina taro mai koren tare da babban abun ciki na potassium da nitrogen.
Juyawa
Aiwatar da cakuda ƙasa wadda aka yi da ita, ana sayar da ita a shagunan fure, ko kuma an shirya shi da kansa. Don yin wannan, ɗauki sassa 2 na gonar lambu, peat, yashi kogi, ɓangaren 1 humus.
Don hawan ƙasa, an shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tanki.
Bayan dasawa, ba a ciyar da shuka tsawon wata guda, ba da lokaci don daidaitawa. Sabuwar ƙasa ta ƙunshi isasshen abubuwan gina jiki don haɓaka.
Bush samuwar
Geranium na gida yana son sarari. Ba ta son kusancin wasu tsire-tsire, kuma ita kanta tana buƙatar sikelin lokaci-lokaci, pinching da kambi.
Sakamakon haka, ana kafa harbe-harbe a kaikaice, fure zai zama yalwatacce, kuma za'a samar da kyakkyawan kayan dasawa daga rassan da aka yanke.
Pruning yana juji da yanayi.
Samuwar kambi a cikin madaidaiciya kuma nau'i mai banbanci ya bambanta, kowane lokaci kana buƙatar neman tsarin kula da mutum.
Babban yi a fall bayan fure. Don yin wannan, cire bushe ganye, rage elongated, ya raunana kuma danda mai tushe. Wannan gwargwado yana taimakawa pelargonium don jure wa sauran lokacin da ya dace da kwanciyar hankali.
Kuna iya kusanci hanya tare da yanke duk mai tushe a matakin 5-6 cm daga farfajiyar ƙasa, barin kawai 'yan ƙoshin lafiya. Ta hanyar bazara, an rufe gangar jikin tare da matasa harbe. Abin da ake kira sake fasalin tsiro zai faru.
Lokaci na lokaci a cikin bazara, idan kambi zai fara haɓaka ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Ba za ku iya yin amfani da almakashi na yau da kullun waɗanda suka rarraba mai tushe ba, warkarwarsu zata daɗe kuma ta yi ƙarfi. Yanke rassan da ganye tare da wuka mai kaifi na lambu ko scalpel tare da oblique a kan toho ganye yana fuskantar daji.
A ƙarshen hanya, ana yayyafa sassan da baƙin ƙarfe don lalata.
Kiwo
Pelargonium na gidan yana yaduwa ta hanyar ƙwaya da tsaba.
Don tushen tushe, ɗauka tsintsiya tsawon cm 6 cm, bar ganye lafiya masu yawa. Domin tsire-tsire suyi sauri, ana tsoma su cikin haɓaka mai haɓaka (Kornevin) kuma an dasa su a tukwane na shuka.
Tunda pelargonium baya son yanayi mai laima, tsire-tsire ba sa rufe kuma kar ya fesa. Ana buƙatar watering na matsakaici kawai. Bayan makonni 2, aƙalla tsawon wata guda, an kirkiro tsarin tushen dalla-dalla kuma zai yuwu a watsa shi cikin tukwane na dindindin a cikin ƙasa don pelargonium.
A lokacin da dasa fi na shuke-shuke kana bukatar ka tsunkule, to, aiki girma da kambi zai fara. Farkon fure yana faruwa ne bayan uku, ƙasa da sau - watanni biyar.
An shuka tsaba pelargonium a cikin guda 1-2 a cikin ƙananan tabarau tare da ƙasa ko allunan peat. Ta wannan hanyar girma, ba za ku buƙaci nutsewa ba, seedlings zai ɗauki tushe da sauri.
An sanya akwati tare da amfanin gona a cikin wuri mai dumi, mai haske, a kai a kai yana daga kwalban da ake feshin ta yadda ɓawon burodi na ƙasa ba ya kafa, yana sa germination ke da wuya. Tsaba zasu fito a rana ta 5.
Bayan 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana, an maye gurbin ban ruwa ta ban ruwa. Tabbatar kunna winkiri na baya don ka daina shimfidar tsiran. Lokacin da seedlings girma da kuma samun karfi, tsunkule fi a kan na biyar ganye.
Farkon fure zai zo a cikin watanni shida.
Matsalar girma na Pelargonium, cututtuka, kwari
| Bayyanar Leaf | Dalili | Matakan magancewa |
| Lowerananan suna jujjuya launin rawaya da faɗuwa, tushe yana fallasa. | Rashin isasshen hasken wuta | Canza wurin zuwa mai haske. |
| Brown, ashen shafi. | Ambaliya da ta haifar da cutar fungal, kamar tsatsa ko launin toka. | Game da lalacewa na yanki, cire mai tushe mai lalacewa, dasawa. Tare da tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi, ba shi yiwuwa a ceci gabaɗaya, zaku iya kula da bayyanar ta amfani da kyawawan peren don tushen. |
| Kwari a kan ganye da ƙasa, alamomin aikinsu mai mahimmanci, gizo-gizo gizo akan akwati. | Thrips, whitefly, gizo-gizo mite, da dai sauransu. | Cire sassan da ke da lalacewa, kurkura tare da sabulu da ruwa, gudanar da maganin kashe kwari tare da shirye-shiryen nau'in aerosol. |
M kaddarorin da pelargonium, contraindications
Ganyen kore na shuka suna da wadataccen mai. Kasuwanci dukkansu sassan pelargonium ne: furanni, ganye, asalinsu. Sun ƙunshi bitamin, ma'adanai, maras tabbas, tannins, sucrose, pectin, flavonoids, da sauransu.
Yana da maganin antiseptik, anti-mai kumburi, hemostatic, warkarwa mai rauni, diuretic, antiviral har ma da maganin cututtukan daji.
Broth da shayi suna da amfani a sha don cikakkiyar ƙarfin jiki. Manya mai mahimmanci ya haɗa da duk halayen warkarwa na shuka. Ana amfani da mai a cikin gida, ana amfani dashi a waje, ana wanka da shawa. Mafi yawan pelargonium daji akan windowsill yana iya inganta microclimate na cikin gida. An yi imanin cewa yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaituwa a cikin dangi.
