Campsis dan asalin liana ne na Arewacin Amurka da China. Wani tsiro na dangin Bignoniaceae ya zama yaduwa a tsakanin lambu kamar fure mai ado saboda ƙamusinsa da ƙyalli na musamman. Wani sunan don zangon shine bignonia.
Bayani na Karantawa
Stalaƙƙarfan itace mai sheki mai laushi na iya yin girma har zuwa 15. shootsaukar matasa suna da launin koren launi mai haske, tare da shekaru, liana tana girma da ƙarfi a gindi, tana samun inuwa mai zurfin inuwa. Ana samun ƙananan internodes tare da tsawon tsawon shuka. Daga cikin waɗannan, tsarin isnadi na zangon ya samo asali, petioles ɗinsa, wanda ya kai girma mai girma, ganye mai duhu 8-10 wanda aka lullube da kakin kayan lambu ya bayyana akan kowane.
Sashin baya na ganye na ellipsoid yana da jijiyoyi da yawa wanda akwai haɓakar fitsari. Furannin furanni sune tubular, sau da yawa orange-ja, ruwan hoda ko rawaya, matsakaita na 5-8 guda, basa kamshi.
'Ya'yan itacen katako ne mai wuya har zuwa 8-10 cm, suna dauke da tsaba masu launin ruwan kasa. Tushen suna da kyau, haɓaka duka a cikin zurfafa da kuma kewaye sansanin, suna mamaye sararin samaniya.
Iri da nau'ikan sansanonin cibiyoyi
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan da nau'ikan bignonia waɗanda aka bred a shafin.
| Dubawa | Bayanin |
| Manyan furanni (Sinawa) | Babban dattijo ko itacen inabi ba tare da tushen tushe ba, suna jerawa mai yalwa da murguɗa baki a kusa da tallafi. Heat-auna, haƙuri haƙuri talauci. Ganyen yana da tsawo, yana nunawa a ƙarshen, kore mai duhu, ba mai sheki ba, tsawon cm 6 cm. Furannin suna da yawa, har zuwa 9 cm, ana fentin su a cikin gilashin launin ruwan hoda mai launin zinare mai launin zinare. |
| Damuwa | Dogon tsayi, har zuwa 8 m, liana tare da rassa masu laushi masu yawa. Ba ya tsoron frosts, babban ado yana da halayyar. Ganyayyaki ba su iyawa, da tsauri, tare da gefunan da aka kawo karar, daga zurfin kore mai zurfi, kusan 7-10 a kan petiole. Manyan furanni masu fuka-fukai, furanni masu launuka iri-iri, ruwan hoda-rawaya mai cike da ruwan shuɗi. |
| Tushen | Anaan wasan liana na zamani, yana ɓoye a gindi, yana da tushen isasshen ruwan inabi da inabinta. Dusar ƙanƙara, mai jurewa har zuwa -20 ° C. A ganye ne m, leathery, tare da m Sheen da nuna gefuna, m-kore. Furanni masu matsakaici ne, har zuwa 7 cm tsayi, ruwan hoda-purple ko mulufi mai ƙawanin zinare. Kabilar ta yaɗu sosai a yankuna na kudanci na Rasha. |
| Flamenco | Perennial liana 2-5 m high, sosai branched, ya mamaye sarari sarari kewaye. Ganyayyaki masu nunawa masu kyau suna da jijiyoyi da yawa, guda 7-10 a kan petiole, gefuna suna ba da damuwa, suna gaba da juna. Petals suna da bambancin launi, tsarkakakke-ja, mai launin orange mai cike da launi. Furen-mai jure sanyi. |
| Flava | Babban liidu mai lalacewa har zuwa 7 m. Tana da ingantacciyar tushen tushen iska wanda ke ba da ƙarfi don goyon baya. Ganyen yana da haske kore, 7-15 cm, tare da dan kadan gefuna wavy. Furenn mai kyan kyan gani sun kai 5 cm a diamita, yellow-orange ko ja-gold mai ruwan hutu. Hardy hunturu. Zai iya tsayayya da daskararru ƙasa -20 ° C. |
Yaushe za a dasa cibiyoyin a tsakiyar layi
Bignonia yana da tsayayya da sanyi da sanyi wanda ba a ɗauka tsawon lokaci. Wasu nau'ikan za su iya tsayayya da yawan zafin jiki na -20 ° C, amma kada a yi sawa tare da dasa shuki a buɗe ƙasa. Zai fi dacewa da yin shuki a tsakiyar rariya, musamman ma a yankin Moscow, don wannan farkon-tsakiyar Mayu ya dace, lokacin da ƙasa ta ɗora sosai kuma yanayin yiwuwar dusar ƙanƙan da ba ta zata ba.
Ba lallai ba ne a dasa liana a cikin lokaci mai zafi, maiyuwa bazai da tushe kuma ya mutu saboda ƙonewa. Ya kamata ku zaɓi rana mai tsaka mai tsayi, ba tare da hazo da iska mai ƙarfi ba.
Campsis dasa a waje
Tun da kampsis yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru da yawa, ana iya dasa shi a cikin kaka ko bazara. An lura cewa dasa a tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Satumba yana da tasiri sosai akan liana, saboda kusan duk yanayin yanayin yanayinsa ana lura dashi: babban matakan zafi na iska da ƙasa, yanayin dumama, da ruwan sama na ɗabi'a. Domin dasa yayi nasara kuma shuka tayi tushe da sauri, ya zama dole don aiwatar da wadannan:
- Wani rami don bignonia yana buƙatar haƙa shi makonni 1-2 kafin cire shi.
- Deepen ba fiye da 40 cm, ba shekara da girman seedling.
- Diamita daga cikin ramin ya kamata 40-60 cm.
- Sako sarari a kewayen gadajen furen kuma ya kwance ƙasa.
- Mineralara takin ma'adinai (nitrogenous, phosphoric ko potash) takin mai magani da peat, takin.
- Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi kuma loamy, ya wajaba don shirya magudanar ruwa na kumfa, tubalin da ya karye, gyada da ƙwai, wanda yakamata a ɗora zuwa ƙasan.
- Zai fi kyau a zaɓi sare ciyawar da ba ta yin shuka.
- Sanya zangon a tsakiyar ramin kuma ƙara ƙasa saboda tushe mai tushe ya fito daga ƙasa daga 8-10 cm.
- A lokacin cika, dole ne a girgiza seedling a hankali don cika cavit ɗin.
- Tushen shuka ya kamata a located a kan substrate, zai ba da ƙarin layering.
- A hankali haɗa ƙasa ba tare da lalata tsarin tushe ba, a hankali ruwa.
- Bignonia yana buƙatar tallafi, don haka ya zama dole don samar da gado na fure tare da gungumen azaba ko ginshiƙan moss.
Kulawar kamfani
Campsis ba shi da ma'ana a cikin kulawa kuma baya buƙatar ƙwarewar aikin lambu na musamman game da ma'amala, saboda haka, dole ne a kula da wasu yanayi don furen ya girma kuma yana faranta ido tare da inflorescences.
| Matsayi | Yanayi |
| Wuri / Haske | Ba'a ba da shawarar sanya gadaje na fure kusa da windows na wuraren zama ba, saboda ƙwanƙannin furanni na bignonia yana jan hankalin kwari da yawa, gami da ƙudan zuma, wasps da ƙaho. Hakanan yana da daraja la'akari da sifofin tushen tsarin: yana da ikon rusa gine ginen dutse ko shinge, don haka aka dasa sansanonin akan karamin haɓaka. Hoto ne mai hoto, amma yana iya girma cikin inuwa a ƙarƙashin a alfarwa. A kan shafin yanar gizon don namowa, gefen kudu ko kudu maso gabas ya fi dacewa. |
| Zazzabi | Heat-ƙauna da sanyi-mai jure sanyi, yana iya tsayayya da sanyi zuwa -20 ... -25 ° C, duk da haka, tare da tsawan sanyi mai sanyi ba tare da tsari na musamman ba zai iya mutuwa. Yana fure da rassa mafi kyau a yanayin zafi mai zafi a + 20 ... +28 ° C. A cikin yankuna musamman lokacin hunturu mai sanyi ko canjin zafin jiki akai-akai, baya daukar tushe sosai, yana daina fure kuma nan da nan ya mutu. |
| Watse | Regular, musamman cikakke akan kwanakin zafi. Idan babu ruwan sama na dogon lokaci, ya zama dole a kara yawanta da ganyen magarya da petioles, guje wa hulɗa da furanni. Bignonia zai iya tsira a cikin gajeren lokaci na fari, amma kada ku bar shuka ba tare da danshi ba, in ba haka ba zai bushe ya mutu. Hakanan wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya tururuwa kuma an shaƙa shi cikin ƙasa. Idan babu magudanan ruwa, za'a iya yin tasirin hanyoyin domin hana lalata da kamuwa da sansanonin tare da kwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. |
| Manyan miya | Kusan babu buƙatar. Idan, lokacin dasawa, an hade ƙasa da kwayoyin halitta (takin, humus, needles) da ƙara peat, yashi, ash, sawdust ko dunƙule na gawayi, to ba za ku iya damuwa da takin zamani ba. A lokacin ciyayi da farkon fure, yi amfani da kayan ma'adinai ko sutturar kayan ado na duniya don tsirrai. |
| Kasar | Rashin daidaituwa, amma mafi kyawun rayuwa a cikin ingantaccen ma'adinai na ma'adinai. Hakanan, idan bignonia ya juya launin rawaya ko fadada, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara ƙimar abinci na ƙasa ta ƙara peat, yashi, ash, sawdust, allura, humus ko takin. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, yakamata ku sassauta abin da keɓaɓɓun, don ƙarin oxygen ya ratsa tsarin tushen ƙasa da sako ta cikin yankin daga ciyawa. |
| Mai jan tsami | Na yau da kullun da cikakke. A cikin bazara, a hankali cire bushe harbe da mutu, tare da lura da sassan tare da kirfa. Bayan haka, a cikin sa zai bayyana matasa, more lush da kauri harbe. Hakanan wajibi ne don cire fure iri iri da ƙwayayen petioles. Yanke cututtukan da ke da lafiya na shuka nan da nan. A ƙarshen kaka, kafin lokacin hunturu, tabbatar cewa harabar ba ta wuce yankin da aka ba shi ba, yana yankan ɓoye rassan. |
| Cin nasara | Zai fi kyau a fara shiri daga ƙarshen Satumba, kafin a fara yin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi. Rufe ƙasa da Tushen waje tare da wani yanki na busassun ganye, humus, needles, sawdust da rassan spruce. Kunsa kara tare da vines tare da m Layer na filastik fim ko lutrasil. Hakanan zaka iya rufe saman tare da bene ba tare da lalata harbe ba. Idan yana yiwuwa a tanƙwara rassan liana zuwa ƙasa, zaku iya cire tallafi kuma ku cika bignonia tare da ganyayyaki da suka faɗi, rassan spruce. |
Yaduwar Campsis
Bignonia mafi yawa ana yaduwa a cikin hanyoyi biyu: na asali da kuma ciyayi. Dukkanin hanyoyin ana amfani da su ta hanyar hanyoyin lambu sosai, gwargwadon yanayin da lokacin shekara. Don haka, ana iya yin yankan mafi kyau a watan Yuni:
- Da farko, bincika wuraren karatun manya kuma zaɓi yankuna tare da ganye masu lafiyayyun 2-4 daga ɓangaren tsakiyar shuka.
- Bi da kasan da shoot tare da tushen forming bayani.
- Zaɓi sarari mai inuwa tare da ƙasa mai wadatar da ƙasa. Sanya wani peat da yashi a ƙasa.
- Don yanke da sauri ya ɗauki tushe kuma ya fara girma da ƙwazo, zaka iya amfani da Maximarin.
- Sanya yankin a kusa da matasa cibiyoyin tare da freshly yanke ciyawa ko itace haushi.
Idan itace mai kage, dole ne a yanke shi a farkon bazara, Maris-Afrilu, kuma yakamata a aiwatar da matakan dasa dabarun.
Wata hanyar - layering:
- Yanke harbe da suke kusa da ƙasa ko kwance a kai tare da wuka mai narkewa.
- Moisten kasar gona sosai da tono fitar da rami rami, dangane da girman da shoot, game da uku na lay ya kamata a karkashin kasa.
- Sanya jefa a cikin peaty ƙasa, samar da shi tare da malalewa.
- Tushen tsarin zai fara samar da sauri sosai kuma ta gaba bazara za'a iya yada zango zuwa wani yanki da aka zaɓa a cikin ƙasa ba.
Godiya ga tsarin tsararren tushen ci gaba, an bambanta wata hanya - yaduwar tushen:
- Ya kamata a bincika tushen Tushen da kyau, a kansu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci harbe ya bayyana.
- Kafin lokacin girma da haɓakawa, dole ne a yanke shi tare da wani ɓangaren tushen tsarin. Idan ya yi tsayi da yawa, to za ku iya raba ƙarin rassan.
- A rukunin yanar gizon, zaɓi gado mai fure tare da abin da aka riga aka shirya da magudanar ruwa.
- Tona rami saukowa wanda ya sa tushen ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
- A hankali ruwa da magani ƙasa tare da ma'adinai ma'adinai, don haka sprout adapts sauri kuma zai yi girma.
Ana iya siyan tsaba na Bignonia a shago ko aka tattara da hannu daga 'ya'yan itaciyar. An bred don seedlings tare da farkon bazara.
- Zaɓi kwantena na mutum da yawa tare da ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.
- Kada ku zurfafa zurfi (kimanin 0.5 cm) kuma a hankali ku shayar da abubuwan da aka shuka.
- Tsara yanayin girke-girke: kula da yawan zafin jiki ba ƙasa da + 23 ... +25 ° C, sanya tukwane a wuri mai kyau ba tare da magudan ruwa ba kuma a kai a kai ruwa. Ba za a iya amfani da fim ba.
- Bayan kimanin wata 1, farkon harbe zai bayyana. Kada ku canza fure.
- Lokacin da harbe suka kara karfi kuma ganyayyaki 5-6 masu lafiya suka girma a kansu, za'a iya yada zango zuwa cikin ƙasa.
Mr. Dachnik yayi bayani: me yasa sansanonin ba sa yin fure
Yawancin lambu suna fuskantar wannan matsalar. Idan an cire bignonia daga tsaba, to, tsire-tsire zai yi fure a karon farko bayan shekaru 5-6, saboda haka yana da fa'ida sosai don yaduwar shi ciyawar.
Lokacin da cherenkovaniyu liana yana fara buds tsawon shekaru 3-4. Koyaya, za'a iya haɓaka aikin haɓaka ta hanyar haɗa takin a kai a kai tare da kiyaye ƙimar abinci na abinci.
Wani dalilin rashin fure na iya zama cututtuka daban-daban ko cututtukan da ke haifar da rashin kulawa ko kamuwa da cuta daga wasu tsirrai. Kwaro, kwaro, rage mahimmancin bignonia, kuma yana tasiri ba kawai fure ba, har ma yana barazanar cikakken haɓakar da itacen inabi.
Bugu da kari, rashin kulawa mara kyau, wato zazzabi mai ƙarancin zafi, ya sanya fure ba zai yiwu ba. Yana da mahimmanci don kare cibiyoyin daga bazara da kaka na kaka, tare da rufe shi da matattakala ta musamman. Lokuttan da akai akai suna hana magudanar buds, daga baya, idan ba'a hana su ba, inji na iya rashin lafiya. Kada ku jira don Bloom na bignonia a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi, inda iska ba ta dumama sama da +20 ° C.
Kwayoyin cutar kwari da cututtuka na kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta
An san Bignonia ta babban juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Theungiyar ba za ta iya nuna alamun kamuwa da cuta na dogon lokaci ba, amma idan har yanzu cibiyoyin ba su da lafiya, dole ne a ɗauki matakan da suka dace.
| Bayyanuwa | Dalili | Hanyar kawar da kai |
| Tausasa farantin takardar, ya zama translucent. Petioles da mai tushe sun zama baƙar fata. | Na kwayan cuta (rigar) rot. Yana faruwa saboda tururuwar ruwa ko kamuwa da cuta. | Bi da wani bayani na ruwa da sabulu na tar, yanke duk ƙazamar wurare da sabunta ƙasa. Rage mita yawan ruwa sau 2, tsara ingantaccen magudanar ruwa. |
| Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa da launin toka tare da cibiyar launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, cavities da yellowness akan zangon. | Soyayyar kazanta. | Shirya mafita:
Hakanan an ba da izinin amfani da sinadarai: Purebloom, Skor, Diskor, Keeper. |
| Ganyayyaki sun sami launin launi na mosaic, aibobi masu launin rawaya da kuma nuna zafin rai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su bayyana ba, fure na iya tsayawa. | Kwayar cuta ta kamuwa da cuta. | Cire ɓullow ɗin da abin ya shafa, tare da takaddun takamaiman takaddara akan tagulla. Idan shuka ta lalace gaba ɗaya, ya kamata a haƙa tare tare da dunƙule ƙasa don cutar ta bazu. |
| Tsarin kwari na Greenish 0.5-1.5 cm, clinging buds, faranti ganye da ƙananan harbe. Abubuwan da ba su dace ba na faruwa. | Aphids. | Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin gwagwarmaya:
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