Nasturtium shine tsire-tsire mai ƙoshin tsire-tsire mai ƙoshin gaske daga dangin Nasturtium. Asalin haihuwarsa ita ce Latin Amurka. M harbe, kamar itacen inabi, yada a ƙasa ko reshe, forming daji. A cikin aikin lambu na gida, nasturtium yana son manyan furanni masu haske da sauƙi na kulawa. Kuma da cewa shi mai edible kuma yana da magani Properties sa shuka kawai ba za'a iya gyara shi ba. Baya ga sunan kimiyya, ana iya samun fure a ƙarƙashin sunan "capuchin".
Bayanin Shuka
Nasturtium shine fure shekara-shekara ko na shekara. Karshen wuya ba da haƙuri ko da ƙananan sanyi, sabili da haka, a cikin tsakiyar Rasha, duk nasturtiums a bude ƙasa suna girma kamar shekara. A fibrous rhizome is is a sosai ƙasa na ƙasa. Tsawon tsayi, mai tushe mai sassauci na iya yin girma zuwa 2-3.5 m.
Duk ciyayi an rufe shi da ganyen petiolate na gaba na ciyayi, thyroid ko dabin-dabin. Gefen ganyen yana da kauri, wavy kadan. Insaƙwalwa na wuta yana buɗewa daga tsakiyar farantin takardar zuwa gefuna, kamar haskoki. M ganye ne mai haske kore.
A farkon lokacin rani, nasturtium blooms manyan, fure-gramophone-fure. Suna girma akayi daban-daban akan dogayen layuka, a cikin axils na ganye. Kal din (calyx) ya kunshi fure biyar, iri daya ne na stamens da ovary. Abubuwan furanni na bisexual suna daɗaɗɗewar zafin rai, duk da haka rashin ƙarfi, ƙanshi. Petals na iya samun launin rawaya, lemo, ruwan hoda, rasberi, launi ja. Canza juna, buds suna faranta maka rai har zuwa farkon kaka.
Kwayoyin cuta daban-daban suna faruwa da kwari, kuma a cikin daji kuma hummingbirds. Bayan shi, 'ya'yan itacen suna ɗaure - ciwo. Ripening, yana buɗewa kuma ya kasu kashi uku daban. Rounded tsaba tare da tsagi na tsaye daga nesa yayi kama da kananan kwalkwali.
Iri Nasturtium
A cikin halittar nasturtium, ana iya kirga nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 80. Godiya ga masu shayarwa, nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa sun bayyana.
Tuberous nasturtium. A herbaceous siffofin shekara-shekara creeping, branched harbe da aka tangled, samun m ball har zuwa tsawo na 50 cm. Karkashin ƙasa mai tushe (stolons) gina elongated taimako taimako tubers na hauren giwa da m idanu. A ƙasa tafiyar matakai ne biyar-lobed bluish-kore ganye. A ƙarshen Yuni, buds a kan dogon tsinkayen suna girma a cikin axils na ganye. Kofin biyar na furanni tare da daskararre ana fentin a cikin launin shudi mai launin shuɗi-rawaya.
Kasashen waje na nasturtium. Dogon itacen inabi mai sauƙin gashi (har zuwa 3.5 m) iska tana tafiya tare da tallafi, saboda haka ana amfani dashi don aikin lambu na tsaye. Ganyen shudi na Corymbal mai haske na kusan zagaye zagaye suna haifar da murfin kore mai gaba. A watan Yuli, furanni masu kifi mai shimfidar ciki tare da diamita na kusan cm 2 suna fentin su cikin shuɗi mai haske.
Nasturtium yana da girma. Itataccen tare da ciyayi, mai wucin gadi mai tsiro ya girma zuwa mita 2.5. Wasu nau'ikan suna ɗaukar nau'i na daji har zuwa 70 cm tsayi. Ganye mai duhu kore mai duhu ya yi girma akan tsintsaye masu tsayi. A watan Yuni, furanni masu haske suna yin fure tare da diamita na 5 cm cm 6. Suna da sihiri mai sauƙi ko terry. Iri:
- Alaska - tsintsiya mai tsayi 25-30 cm mai tsananin girma tare da manyan marmara ganye da manyan rawaya ko furanni ruwan hoda;
- Vesuvius - ciyawar da ba ta da tushe tare da furanni masu ruwan hoda, an rufe su da aiyukan burgundy;
- Peach melba - m furanni na peach inuwa tare da ja tabo a gindi daga cikin na fure;
- King Theodore - furanni masu sauƙi mai haske;
- Jaririn salmon - liana tare da furanni biyu
Nasturtium hawa. Shekarar shekara-shekara tare da harbe-gyaren gefen da ke rufe manyan yankuna da sauri. Ana amfani dashi don shimfidar shimfidar wurare, gazebos, baranda, fences.
Nasturtium karami ne. Kyakkyawan harbe suna samar da m ciyayi har zuwa 35 cm ba tsayi. Petan ƙaramin ganyen sitiriyo na tsiro a kansa. A watan Yuni-Oktoba, an rufe shuka da furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 3.
- Black karammiski - mai shuki har zuwa 30 cm babban fure fure (6 cm a diamita) baƙar fata-maroon
- Cherry ya tashi - mai daji mai siffar kwari tare da tsawo ba fiye da 30 cm blooms tare da Scarlet Terry buds.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yaduwar nasturtium ita ce shuka iri. Su za a iya shuka nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude bayan sanyi bar ganye a ƙarshen Mayu. Don yin wannan, shirya tsagi tare da zurfin 1.5-2 cm tare da nesa na 25 cm cm ba wuya a shirya manyan tsaba a ko'ina. Zai fi kyau a sanya tsaba guda 2 tare don samar da fure mai ushan itace. An rufe su da karamin Layer na duniya, kuma tare da ƙaƙƙarfan sanyi - fim. Harbe ya zama sananne bayan kwana 10-15. Seedlings zai yi fure a cikin watanni 1-1.5.
Don samun farkon fure, an shuka nasturtium akan tsire a cikin watan Afrilu. A cikin tukunyar peat tare da yashi na peat, ana rarraba tsaba 2-3. An binne su da cm 2 .. Ana adana kwantena a cikin wurin da aka yi fitila tare da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da hasken. Tare da rashin sa, tsire-tsire suna da tsawo kuma suna rashin lafiya.
Don adana alamun cututtuka na tsire-tsire masu kayan ado sosai, nasturtium an yadu da shi ta hanyar itace. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da wannan hanyar ta masu shayarwa a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Manya, an dasa furanni masu kyau tare da ganye 3-4. An kula da gindin ƙasa tare da "Kornevin." Tushen daskararre a cikin yashi rigar ko cikin ruwa. Tare da zuwan Tushen, ana shuka furanni a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin kwantena ko a buɗe ƙasa. Dole ne a kula da kar a lalata tsarin tushen m lokacin dasa.
Ginin waje da kulawa
A cikin lambun don nasturtium, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da aka fi yin haske tare da ƙasa mai kyau, slightlyasa mai acidic dan kadan. A gaban lemun tsami ne contraindicated a cikin tsire-tsire. An dasa su a cikin ƙasa bude a farkon Yuni. Domin kada ya lalata tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan tsari, an dasa shuki tare da tukwane peat. Shouldasa ta kasance da ƙasa mai ma'ana. Tare da babban adadin takin gargajiya, ganyayyaki da harbe suka fi kyau, amma fure ya zama ragu. Ba za a yarda da kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa ba, tunda tushen saurin cutarwa.
Lokacin dasa shuki furanni, suna kiyaye nesa na 20 - 40 cm. Nan da nan bayan an aiwatar da ƙasa, ƙasa tana mulched, to, ciyayi ba zai dame shi da yawa ba, kuma bayan shawo ruwa, ɓoyayyen ɓawon burodi ba zai haifar ba. Ya zama dole ruwa nasturtium ruwa sau da yawa, amma saboda ruwan ya sami lokacin barin. Manyan ganyayyaki suna fitar da danshi da yawa, kuma rhizome mai tasowa ba zai iya fitar da ruwa daga zurfin ba. Tare da farkon lokacin furanni, ana rage raguwar ruwa sosai.
Liana yana da matukar yiwuwa a gina taro mai yawa, domin a sami yalwar fure, ana gabatar da abinci mai ma'adinin tare da babban abun da ke cikin foda da potassium. Tsaba ya girma da sauri kuma da kansa watsa a ƙasa. Wannan yakan haifar da kamun kai da ba'a sarrafa shi ba. Don magance wannan sabon abu, furanni masu narkewa nan da nan an yanke su.
A cikin bazara, an fara rage raguwar shayarwa, kuma lokacin da ƙasa ke tafiyar da bushewa, an lalata nasturtium, tunda ba zai iya yin tsayayya da hunturu a cikin ƙasa ba. An gina shafin kuma an sake shi don lambun fure a shekara mai zuwa.
All sassa na shuka exude wani takamaiman, amma ba m, wari ga mutane. A lokaci guda, ƙanshin ba shi da daɗi ga kwari, don haka nasturtium a cikin kanta ƙwaro ne kuma kwari ba su dame shi. Haka ma, wannan ba mai kula sosai ga cututtuka ba, kawai idan ana batun fasahar aikin gona za ta iya yin tsatsa, launin toka, motsi na ganye, saɓar zobe. Tsarin da ya shafa da ciyawar suna buƙatar a yanke su kuma a lalata. Ragowar shuka ana maganin su da maganin kashe guba.
Dankali Nasturtium
Nasturtium za'a iya amfani dashi ba kawai don ɗaukar lambun ba, har ma don yin baranda ko baranda. Don wannan, ana shuka shuka tare da harbe-harbe masu yawa a cikin tukunya. Kula da shi ba shi da yawa sosai. Kwandon ya kamata ya zama mai fadi kuma ba zurfi ba.
An sanya Nasturtium a wuri mai kyau ko a baranda a buɗe. Ana rataya Liana a cikin tukunya a cikin iska, ko kuma mafi yawan lokutan aera. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kai a kai kuma ana ciyar da su sau biyu a wata tare da abun da ke ciki don fure.
A cikin kaka, nasturtium na cikin gida zai yi farin ciki da tsawon fure. Ana iya yin girma a matsayin perennial. A cikin hunturu, ana canja tsire-tsire zuwa ɗaki mai sanyi (+ 13 ... + 15 ° C) kuma an shayar da shi akai-akai. Ta hanyar bazara, mai tushe na iya shimfiɗawa, saboda haka suna yin aikin kwalliya mai tsayi da itace.
Amfani da Shuka
A cikin zane mai faɗi, ana amfani da nasturtium don aikin lambu na tsaye da na kwance. Yana samar da ci gaba da murfin kore a ƙasa ko trellis. Shuke-shuke da furanni masu haske mai ban sha'awa suna da kyau a cikin masu haɗa murɗa, a cikin gaban gonar furanni da kan bangon arbor. Suna da tasiri a hade tare da karrarawa, delphinium, ageratum.
Ana amfani da furanni Nasturtium da ganye a dafa abinci don shiri da kuma ado na saladi, sandwiches, miya. Leaflet ɗin iri ɗaya ne a cikin dandano zuwa ganyen ganye. Suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, mai da annashuwa. Furanni masu bushe suna da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai mahimmanci kuma ana amfani dasu cikin bouquet na shayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen shuka suna' ya'yan itace, suna tunasarwa da dandano na capers.
Abubuwan da ke warkar da nasturtium suna da kyau sosai. Kwayar rigakafi ce na ganyayyaki kuma yana ɗauke da hadaddun bitamin. Suna amfani da kayan ado da tinctures na giya waɗanda suke sha don ƙarfafa tsarin ƙwayar cuta, yaƙi da mura da tarin ƙwayar cuta, da kuma magance scurvy. Yana yin gyaran gashi tare da katako don ƙarfafa su kuma goge fata na fuskar.
Contraindications zuwa nasturtium suna iyakance ga iyakance yawan ci mutane da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki. Hakanan, yawan wuce gona da iri yana cutar da narkewar hanji da membran mucous.
