Tsanaki Fusarium za ku tsire-tsire - wane irin harin da kuma yadda za'a rabu da shi?

Fusarium wata cuta ne mai yawan gaske kuma mai hadari wanda zai iya haifar da tsire-tsire iri iri a kowane zamani.

Wannan cututtuka ne mai da hankali a yanayi, ya shiga cikin ƙasa da ƙananan raunuka na shuka. Mafi mai saukin kamuwa zuwa fusarium ya raunana shuke-shuke.

A cikin labarin zamu tattauna game da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, game da yiwuwar hadarin wannan cututtuka da yanayin yanayin ci gabanta, da kuma bayar da bayani game da hanyoyin maganin magani da wasu shawarwari masu amfani akan matakan tsaro.

Mene ne?

Fusarium zai ko, kamar yadda aka kira shi busassun bushe, yana da cututtukan cututtuka mai hatsari wanda ke shafi tsarin jinsin gandun daji da albarkatun noma. Wannan cututtukan yana shafar kyallen kyamaran shuka, haifar da asalinsu, tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa don su lalace.

A ina kuma ta yaya aka kafa shi?

Fusarium wilting farawa tare da tsarin tushen shuka: naman gwari yana shiga ƙasa daga kananan asali, sa'an nan kuma motsa tare da manyan asalinsu kuma ya cigaba tare da tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin mai tushe da ganye. Saboda haka, a farkon al'adun da ya shafi abin da ya faru, ganye a kan ƙananan rassan sun bushe, a kan sauran gefen gefen gefuna ya zama ruwa, kuma an yi haske da launin kore da launin rawaya a kan faranti.

Tasoshin petioles na tsire-tsire masu rauni suna da raunana, kuma sunadaran ganye sunyi rataye kamar rags. A matsanancin zafi zasu iya lura da fararen farin fararen.

Yanayi don bayyanar bushewa bushe

Abubuwan da ke kunna jami'an jami'in fusarium na fusarium:

1. Kulawa mara kyau na shuka, wanda bai dace da yanayin tsaro ba.
2. Girman al'adun gargajiya.
3. Ƙara yawan acidity na kasar gona ko ƙasa mai nauyi tare da danshi mai laushi, da hana jituwa ta iska mai dacewa ga tushen shuka.
4. Cigaba a cikin ƙasa na sunadarai ko takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na chlorine.
5. Inganta dasa shuki. Alal misali, kusa da babbar hanya, yankin masana'antu ko ƙwayar kayan aiki.
6. Ƙarancin watering, jagorancin tushen busassun da kuma raunana da shuka.
7. Yawan zafin jiki ko matsanancin zafi na dogon lokaci.

Mene ne cutar mai hatsari?

Wannan cututtuka yana da hatsarin gaske domin yana da ƙura ba kawai layin al'ada ba, amma har mararsa ta farko, da shingewa, da bishiya ya mutu. Idan Fusarium ba a gane shi ba a lokaci kuma ba a dauki matakan don maganin shuka ba, ba zai lalata kanta kawai ba, amma kuma zai hada da 'yan uwansa cikin ƙasa ta cikin ƙasa.

Cutar cututtuka a al'adu daban-daban da jiyya

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba kawai albarkatun gona (legumes, hatsi, melons) ba, amma kusan dukkanin kayan lambu (tumatir, cucumbers, barkono, dankali, kabeji), da tsire-tsire bulbous (albasa, tafarnuwa, tulips, hyacinths, tulips) suna fuskantar hadarin rashin lafiya tare da fusarium. , daffodils), Berry bushes (currants, gooseberries, strawberries, strawberries) da itatuwa 'ya'yan itace (plums, apples, pears, peaches, apricots).

Yadda za a magance fusarium?Don kawar da cutar fuska da kuma hana shi daga yadawa, ana amfani da matakai masu kula da su:

1. Karyata da kuma halakar da takardun kamuwa da ƙwayar rigakafi.
2. Sada sauran tsire-tsire masu lafiya da ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium da ke dauke da acid acid.
3. Haka kuma an bada shawara don yayyafa gadaje tare da ash da sukari.
4. Yin kwasfa da alli da dolomite gari na taimakawa wajen rage hadarin cutar Fusarium, tun da wannan naman gwari bai yarda da yanayin ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki da cikakken alli ba.

A yau, an yi amfani da nau'o'in fuka-fuka daban-daban kuma an yi amfani da su da kyau, wanda aikinsa shine don magance wani naman gishiri fusarium:

• Amfana
• Mai nasara.
• Phytosporin.
• Sporobacterin da sauran mutane.

Yadda za a magance launin toka a kan cucumbers?

Yadda za a gane:

1. Fusarium yana rinjayar tsarin kwaston na kokwamba. Idan ka yanke shukar hatsi ko ganye na kokwamba, ana iya ganin kayatarwa a jikinta.
2. Fusarium za a iya gano ta farkon juyawa na wuyansa da kuma tsummaran shrub. Sashin a cikin wannan wuri ya yi duhu kuma ya zama mai zurfi, kuma ganye suna juya launin rawaya da fade. A shuka ba ya Bloom da kyau, da ovaries mutu a kashe bayan flowering.

Komaran Fusarium yana da hadarin gaske saboda ba a kirkira shi akan wannan naman gwari ba don hanyar sarrafawa ta hanyar 100%. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau don hana ci gaba da cutar ta hanyar matakan tsaro fiye da magance shi daga baya.

Tsarin rigakafi:

1. Kula da magani. Disinfection tare da ruwan zãfi ko kore mutane samu daga lupine da mustard.
2. Daidaitawa da zafin jiki. Alal misali, cucumber seedlings suna taurare a cikin wani greenhouse, kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude. Wannan ya kara sa ganyayyakin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun fi tsayuwa don faduwa.
3. Daidaita watering. Ku guje wa ruwa mai zurfi.

Za a iya amfani da shirye-shirye na kwayoyin halitta da kuma masu amfani da fuka-fuka a matsayin matakan da za su magance wilting na cucumbers.

Yi la'akari da su.

Abubuwan da ke rayuwa:

• "Trikhodermin" - An dauke shi mafi mahimmanci wajen wannan jerin. Yi shi wajibi ne don dan kadan kafa ƙasa don kwana 2 kafin ka shuka seedlings.
• "Baktofit", "Planriz" da "Trihofit" - mai kyau prophylactic jamiái don spraying seedlings da ƙasa.

Chemicals:

• Da fungicide "Fundazol" - mafi mahimmanci shine wajen yaki da naman gwari. An yi amfani dashi don maganin iri kafin shuka.
• "Harshen Previkur" - an yi shi ne don sarrafa tsaba kafin cirewa a cikin ƙasa.

Mun bada shawara don kallon bidiyon game da kokari fusarium:

Sarrafa Strawberry

Yadda za a gano cutar:

1. Ƙasa na ɓangaren bishewa da tushen tsarin zama launin ruwan kasa.
2. Ganye ya juya rawaya da bushe. Ba a kafa ovaries ba, antennae ya zama launin ruwan kasa da deform.

Yadda za a yaki:

1. Tsaida tsire-tsire mai kyau a kan mãkirci: zaɓi mai kyau na strawberry precursors.
2. Jiyya na shuke-shuke kamuwa da tsarin fungicide "Fundazol". Benomyl shine bangaren aikin wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda tushensa da ganye ya shafe shi, yana motsa tsire-tsire, yana tarawa daga jikinsa. Babban tsarin aiki na "Fundazol" shine kare kariya ga dukkanin kwayoyin na shuka, har ma da cewa waɗanda suke aiki ba su fadi a lokacin spraying.
3. Fomicidal magani "Benorad" tare da m bakan aiki. Yana da matukar tasiri ga magani da rigakafin cututtuka masu yawa na strawberries, ciki har da fusarium. Kariyar aiki yana da kwanaki 10 a lokacin girma.

Yadda za a magance cutar tumatir

Muhimmiyar: Tumatir na shan fusarium a kowane mataki na rayuwa, ana iya shafan tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Amma alamun cutar ya bayyana ne kawai a lokacin flowering ko fruiting.

Yadda za a gane:

1. Ƙananan tumatir suna juya launin rawaya da fade. Bayan haka, ƙananan bishiyoyi na daji sun fara bushe da za su - suna juya launin rawaya da deform.
2. A wani ɓangare na stalk na marasa lafiya shuka furanni ruwan kasa ne a bayyane bayyane.
3. Idan an yanke katako a cikin daki mai zafi da zafi na kwana 2, za'a fara fito da bakin ciki na bakin ciki.

Yadda za a yaki:

• Tsarin kariya: disinfection na tsaba da ƙasa kafin dasa shuki tumatir.
• Gyara daga cikin bishiyoyin da aka shafa tare da tushen don kawar da tushen kamuwa da cuta gaba daya.

Yaya za mu bi da kwanduna sunflower?

Cutar cututtuka na cutar a sunflower bayyana bayan flowering, lokacin da tsaba fara ripen. Ta yaya cutar ta bayyana kanta:

1. A gefen kwandon kwando akwai alamar launin ruwan kasa mai sauƙi, wanda, a cikin wannan cuta, ya rufe fuskarsa duka. Kwandon ya fara bushe da sauri kuma ya taurara.
2. A gaban kwandon tsakanin tsaba yana nuna launin toka. Mycelium yana shiga cikin sunflower tsaba, wanda ya zama rabi maras kyau kuma m zuwa dandano.

Yadda za a yaki:

1. Gwanin amfanin gona mai kyau.
2. Shuka mafi resistant zuwa cututtuka na fungal iri da kuma hybrids na sunflower.
3. Seed magani kafin shuka.
4. Kula da iri da ƙwayoyin ƙasa KKr ko Title Duo.

Tsarin kariya

1. Yin amfani da samfurin iri iri.
2. Girman iri da kuma matasan da suke da alaka da wannan cuta.
3. Shuka iri a cikin gadaje marasa ganyayyaki.
4. Gabatarwa da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai taimaka wajen raguwar ci gaba da cutar a filin.
5. Tsarin kamuwa da kamuwa da sababbin wurare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na naman gwari, wanda kayan aikin gona da kayan aiki zasu iya kawowa.

Kammalawa

Ba'a iya kare kaya guda daya da gonar gona daga kamuwa da cuta tare da irin wannan cuta mai cutarwa da sauri kamar fusarium. Amma matakan tsaro da kuma ganowar cutar ta dace zai taimaka wajen kare amfanin gona kuma hana amfanin gona daga mutuwa.