Menene Alternaria? Kwayar cututtuka a kan wasu tsire-tsire, hanyoyi don yin yaki

Alternaria wani nau'in kwayar cutar ne wanda ke shafar tsire-tsire iri iri a matakai daban-daban na cigaba. Wannan cututtuka ne aka haifar da saitattun ajiyar jinsin genus Alternaria.

Wani suna don Alternaria ya bushe ko ƙuƙwalwar fata. Ana iya samuwa a ko'ina, amma lalacewa daga wannan mummunan cututtuka yafi sananne a yankunan kudancin.

Yadda za a gane cutar a al'adu daban-daban, za ku koyi cikin labarinmu. Mun kuma bayar da shawara don kallon bidiyo mai amfani a kan batun.

Mene ne?

Taron fyade mai ma'ana kuma ta haifar da Alternaria spp.. A cikin wannan al'ada, ƙananan ɓangaren tsire-tsire sun shafi na farko, sannan cutar ta yada zuwa sama. Ƙungiyar baƙi za ta iya ci gaba a kan:

• kwasfa;
• mai tushe;
• bar.

A ina kuma ta yaya yake bayyana kanta?

Haka kuma cututtukan ya ji a cikin mataki na bayyanar buds kuma ya ci gaba a cikin lokacin rani. Ana nuna bambancin a sassa na shuka a cikin nau'i na launin ruwan kasa da ƙananan necrotic, wanda aka gano nama marar mutuwa. Ƙungiyar Brown tare da ɓarna mai duhu, wanda ya ƙunshi spores na naman gwari, an kafa shi a wuraren da aka lalace.

A karkashin sharaɗɗan gwargwado, waɗannan spots sun zama bayyane 2-3 days bayan launi. Bayan kwana 2 sai su bayyana launin toka tare da raguwa da kuma sautin lokaci. Yankunan da aka lalace sun zama raguwa da raguwa..

Alternaria yana tasowa lokacin da yake canza yanayin zafi mai sanyi tare da ruwan dare ko ruwan sama. Mafi yawan zazzabi don ci gaba da wannan cuta shine + 24 ° C-30 ° C, mafi ƙarancin - + 7 ° C.

Menene haɗari?

Dan hatsari na Alternaria shi ne don canja wurin daji zuwa shuke-shuke da lafiya.. Suna aikata shi:

1. kwari;
2. ruwan sama;
3. iska

Muhimmiyar: Spores na iya jurewa na tsawon lokaci a cikin sauran tsire-tsire da ƙasa, tare da aiwatar da ƙarin ƙwayar cuta ta farko. Haka kuma cutar take kaiwa zuwa asarar hasara na kashi 50%.

Waɗanne al'adu suna da yawa?

Kwayar cutar tana shafar al'adu masu zuwa:

• tumatir da kabeji;
• dankalin turawa da kabewa;
• barkono da sunflower;
• eggplants da zucchini;
• inabi da hatsi;
• karas da albasa;
• henbane da belladonna;
• dope da taba;
• petunia matasan, da dai sauransu.
• iyalin nightshade.

Yadda za a gane?

Alternative za a iya gano su ta hanyar siffofi masu zuwa. A gefen tsire-tsire akwai wurare da suka bambanta da kyau daga bangaren lafiya. Suna launi mai duhu wanda ba daidai ba ne. Sau da yawa wrinkles samar da su surface. Rotting a Alternaria faruwa ne a matsayin mai bushe bushe..

Janar ka'idodin kariya da iko

Akwai matakan da aka saba wa dukkanin tsire-tsire don karewa da kuma magance wannan mummunan cuta. Wadannan sun haɗa da:

1. yanayin juyawa;
2. sarrafa ciyawa;
3. mai da hankali ga sharan gona;
4. yin amfani da ƙwayar lafiya mai ɗorewa;
5. Tsarin iri;
6. jiyya.

Dole ne ayi jiyya tare da masu fatar jiki kafin bayyanar cututtuka na Alternaria ya bayyana a kan tsire-tsire.

Fasali na ganewar asali da magani a wasu lokuta

Farawa da marigayi bushe-bushe yana faruwa. Da wuri mai tsayi, kwanaki 15-20 kafin flowering farawa, bayyana alamu tare da siffar fure, wanda ya haɗa da ciwon daji mai karfi kuma ganye ya juya rawaya. A nan gaba, sun bushe. Idan cutar ta shãfe mai tushe, to ana iya samun ulcers akan su. A sakamakon haka, injin zai bushe a tsawon lokaci.

A kan tumatir

A cikin tumatir, ana kiran wannan cutar zonal ko bushe.. Yana wakiltar haɗari ga shuka, yana bayyana nan da nan bayan tumatir an shuka shuki a cikin wani ganyayyaki ko bude ƙasa.

Wannan cututtuka yafi sauƙi don hana, tabbatar da rashin yiwuwar amfanin gona. Dole ne a wanke tsire-tsire masu ciyayi kuma bi ka'idojin juyawa. A cewar su, ba za a dasa tumatir a wurin da aka dasa su ba kafin:

• dankali;
• barkono;
• kabeji;
• eggplants.

Dole ne akwai sararin samaniya tsakanin tumatir da dankali.

A kan dankalin turawa

Alternariosis a cikin tushen amfanin gona yafi bayyana a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma yana wanzuwa har zuwa kaka.. Haka kuma cututtuka ya fi son iri-iri. Bayan mai tushe da ganye sun lalace, akwai raguwa a cikin girma na tubers, wanda har ma ya rufe ta da duhu, ko ma ya daina yinwa.

Ƙarin ci gaba da aka fi dacewa ta hanyar:

1. rashin nitrogen;
2. ruwan dumi, wanda ya dade fiye da 2 hours a jere;
3. kasancewar a kan al'adun kwaro.

Kafin dasa shuki da tubers, an bada shawara a bi da su da irin wannan shirye-shirye:

• Baktofit;
• Haduwa;
• Ridomil Zinariya;
• Acrobat;
• Fast

Dole ne a fara yin gwaji na farko ba bayan yanayin yanayin da zai dace da ci gaban cutar ba.. Ana yin magudi na gaba tare da hutu na kwanaki 10-14.

A kan alkama

Sauyewa a kan albarkatun alkama zai fara bayyana kanta a lokacin flowering da kuma lokacin da hatsi ya cika da fatalwa. Ana iya ganin wannan daga ɗigon duhu wanda yake bayyana a kan ma'aunin sutura. Daga bisani, a lokacin da hatsi ya tsufa, an yi baƙar fata na amfrayo. Fure daga wannan ƙwayar cuta yana da duhu launi kuma yana da ƙananan haɓaka halaye. Tsire-tsire masu girma daga waɗannan tsaba ba su girma da kyau kuma suna ci gaba, wanda zai haifar da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Hanyoyi na gwagwarmaya daidai ne da al'amuran da wasu al'adu.

A kan inabi

Alamun farko na innabi a cikin watan Mayu.. Haske azurfa spots bayyana a kan ganye da kuma harbe. Fata na berries zai fara haskaka, to, wani nau'i mai launi mai duhu ya kunshi shi. Sun zama masu raguwa, daina girkewa, kashewa, da kuma wadanda har yanzu suna ci gaba, suna samun dandano mara kyau.

Don lura da Alternaria inabi amfani da kwayoyi:

• Ridomil Zinariya;
• Oxy;
• Garth

A sunflower

Kwayar cutar an gyara a lokacin tsawon iri, mafi sau da yawa don 20-25 days bayan flowering ya ƙare. A baya na kwandon da kuma fadada fadin bayanan da yake nunawa ya nuna launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya kara kara. Akwai cin nasara a hankali na kayan kyallen ciki na kwandon da dukan tsire-tsire.

A sakamakon haka, abubuwan gina jiki sun daina gudana zuwa tsaba, kwandon ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Kwanduna da tsaba sun zama puny, sau da yawa kamuwa da cuta na haifar da gaskiyar cewa mai tushe ya karya kuma shuka ya mutu.

Don hana ci gaban sunflower alternariosis, ya zama dole a kiyaye matakan tsaro, inganta ingantaccen ƙasa, da girbi amfanin gona a cikin sabbin lokuttan mafi kyau. Kar ka manta da yin amfani da hanyoyin gwagwarmaya na gwagwarmaya.

A baka

Kwayar cutar tana iya gani a cikin gashin tsuntsaye.. Ƙunƙarar launi mai sauƙi suna bayyana a gefuna, kuma idan aka haɗa su tare da farin, albasa ta mutu a hankali sosai. An bada shawara a sarrafa albasa da masu fuka-fuka idan akwai alamun cutar a yanzu, kuma damshin yana kasancewa a kan gashin gashin tsawon sa'o'i 11.

A zucchini

Da farko, cutar a kan zucchini ta bayyana kamar ƙananan launin fata da launin ruwan kasa, to, kayan lambu sun rufe shi da velvety black patina. Suna sannu a hankali ƙarami, sa'an nan kuma rufe dukkan takardun, wanda ya mutu kuma ya mutu.

Ciyayyun tsire-tsire suna tasowa da talauci. Don kauce wa wannan, kana buƙatar ɗaukar matakai masu dacewa.

Dole ne a halakar da weeds, daga girbi tattara sama. A gaban Alternaria, daji tare da zucchini ya kamata a yadu da su tare da fungicides..

Tsarin kariya

• Don hana hana abin da ake faruwa na Alternaria, yaduwar shuke-shuke da mafita masu dacewa shine hanya mafi kyau.
• Tabbatar da wanke ƙasa, a dace don halakar da tsire-tsire masu ciwo.
• Dole ne mu zabi iri da suka dace da wannan cuta.
• Tsarin tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙulla, an bada shawara don cire ƙananan ganye.
• Ba shi yiwuwa a hana magungunan injuna zuwa tubers.
• Dole ne a ƙi dankalin turawa a lokacin.

Yi amfani da takin mai magani daidai.. Yana da muhimmanci cewa yawancin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa bai wuce ba. Tabbatar tabbatar da shi irin wannan ma'adinai, wanda ya ƙunshi potassium.

Idan za a iya gane bambancin a mataki na farko, to, zai yiwu a jimre shi a cikin wani kakar. Duk da haka, ba za a iya jaddada cewa cutar ba zata sake dawowa ba, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a dauki matakan tsaro da kuma matakan kulawa. Idan an bi duk dokoki, to, ba'ayi barazanar tsire-tsire ba tare da kowace cututtuka.