White gerbera wani samfurin mai girma ne na furen, wanda ainihin yanayin shi ne aka tsara don ƙirƙirar fure-fure. Ya dace da kusan kowane bouquet - daga pompous aristocratic zuwa mafi m. Har ya zuwa kwanan nan, an yi amfani da ita a matsayin furen "masana'antu" don tsara shirye-shiryen furanni, duk da haka, a halin yanzu, gerbera ya zama kyakkyawa ga masu shuka.
Gerbera ita ce ta biyar mafi yawan shahararrun furen furen, bayan bishiyoyi, carnations, chrysanthemums da tulips. Wani suna na wannan fure mai ban mamaki shi ne "Transvaal daisy", daga sunan yankin Transvaal a Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka gano shi.
Bayanan Botanical da tarihin
Gerbera yana da iyalin aster, kuma yana kama da aster, da kuma chamomile, har zuwa wani karamin sunflower. An samu sunansa da sunan magajin likitan Jamus da Tralogott Gerber. Kyawawan fararen mutanen Yammacin Turai sun zama sanannun bayanan da suka wuce zuwa gandun daji na Afirka ta Kudu, da gandun daji na karkashin kasa na Madagascar, kawai a ƙarshen 19th da farkon karni na 20.
Furen "transisal daisy" yana da ƙwayar cuta, (in ba haka ba an kira shi "kwandon"). Kwanan diamita na inflorescence daga 4 zuwa 30 centimeters.
Irin wannan "kwando" ya ƙunshi:
- sosai m farar furanni a kan gefen inflorescence;
- furanni na tsakiya, waxanda ƙananan raƙuman rawaya ne.
A cikakke, "kwandon" zai iya hada har zuwa 100 launuka daban-daban. Ganye na farin gerbera suna da kyau, duhu mai launi, tare da ƙananan cututtuka na gefen gefuna, har zuwa 30 centimeters tsawo, wani lokaci ana rufe shi da fuzz mai haske. Tsawancin mai tushe - har zuwa centimita 60. Rhizome ya ci gaba.
Gerbera wani tsire-tsire ne. A halin yanzu, godiya ga aikin shayarwa, kimanin nau'i 70 na farin gerbera an riga an bred.
Bayyanar da fasali
White gerbera ne mai ban sha'awa irin na daisy. Halin da baƙon ya fito daga tsaka-tsalle yana da kullun, yana kewaye da ganye kuma a haɗe shi da harbe. "Transvaal Chamomile" - flower thermophilic, don haka girma da shi a yanayinmu a fili ba a bada shawarar (idan kana so ka gano yadda gerbera ke girma a lambun, karanta wannan labarin).
Ko da yake gerbera yana son hasken rana, yana da kyau a ɓoye shi a cikin inuwa a tsakar rana a lokacin rani. Abin sha'awa, lokacin flowering na shuka shine tsawon sa'o'i 12. Idan akwai hasken rana da yawa, kuma idan akwai wani abu mai yawa, ba za ku iya jira furanni ba (don ƙarin bayani game da dalilin da yasa kwayoyin gerberas ba su yi fure ba da kuma yadda zasu kula da su a wannan yanayin, a nan).
Hotuna
Da ke ƙasa za ku ga hoto na wani farin gerbera:
Inda kuma yadda ake shuka shi?
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, Noma na farin gerbera a fili yana da wuya. A tsakiyar Rasha, "dole ne a juye" Transvaal daisies "kafin lokacin sanyi. Ana bada shawara don bunkasa wannan tsire-tsire iri iri a greenhouses ko a gida.
Haske da wuri
Gerbera - "sissy" kuma yana jin tsoro da tsaftace iska. Idan har yanzu kuna yanke shawara don dasa shi a fili, filin mafi kyau zai kasance wuri kusa da shinge mai mutuwa ko bango na ginin tare da matsakaicin iyaka.
Ana bada shawara don shuka shuka a cikin wani rami, amma kawai don kada ya tara ruwa, zai zama mummunar damuwa ga gerberas. Ana bada shawara a sanya wani gerbera a cikin gida a cikin ɗigon fure a wuri mai dadi da haske (yadda za a kula da gerbera cikin tukunya, karanta a nan). Mafi kyawun wannan ganyayyaki ne mai shinge wanda ke fuskantar kudu maso gabas. Bugu da ƙari, masu ba da furanni suna ba da shawara su sanya tukunyar furotin a cikin pallet tare da ganyen sphagnum, launin bakin ciki ko fadada yumbu.
Bukatun shara
Gerbera ya fi son ƙasar da aka rabu da shi ta hanyar da iska mai sauƙi ke gudana sauƙi. Don shirya substrate, kuna buƙatar haɗuwa a daidai rabbai:
- peat;
- yashi mai kyau;
- leaf turf
Bisa mahimmanci, ɗakon ajiya na wardi ga wardi, yadu a cikin cibiyar sadarwar da aka rarraba, ma ya dace da kwayoyin gerberas.
Humus da takin suna da cutarwa ga tushen gerbera. Ka guji ƙara waɗannan sinadaran zuwa ƙasa.
Kulawa da cututtuka na kowa da kwari
Cututtuka na kowa da kwari "Transvaal daisy" - m shuka. Kamar yadda muka rigaya ta lura, ba ta son zane-zane da haske mai haskakawa.
Tare da tsattsauran hankali ya kamata a matso kusa da watering. Saukad da ruwa bai kamata ya fada a kan ganyayyaki da basal rosette ba (saboda dalili guda daya, injin ba ya son spraying), adadin ruwa ya zama karami don kada a tsaya a cikin basal Layer na duniya. Don watering, kawai tausasa, dan kadan warmed ruwa dace.
Jirgin da ya kamata a yi farin ciki mai kyau "numfasawa" ya kamata a shafe shi, tare da zazzabi na Celsius 20-22 digiri. Har ila yau, mai tsanani, yana da muhimmanci don kusantar da aikace-aikacen zuwa kasar gona na hawan hawan:
- Filatin da zazzabi da matakan nitrogen masu girma dole ne a yi amfani da su daga marigayi hunturu zuwa tsakiyar bazara;
- ƙwayoyi masu wadatar da potassium, dace da lokacin flowering, wadda ta hanyar, ta sauka a cikin lokaci daga Agusta zuwa Nuwamba.
Bayan 'yan kalmomi game da cututtuka da kwari na gerbera da ke shafar shuka. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Mealy dew. Alamar na waje - plaque a saman ɓangaren ganye daga cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, da duhu.
- Fusarium da verticillus. A gaban irin wannan cututtuka, an yi amfani da rhizome da tushe na peduncles a cikin launi mai launin ruwan kasa.
- Phytophthora. Its bayyanar cututtuka suna sweaty pigmentation a kan dukkan sassa na gerbera, stalk rotting.
- Gishiri mai laushi. Bar da harbe an rufe shi da launin toka launin toka.
Zai yiwu ya hana kamuwa da cuta tare da wadannan cututtuka ta hanyar yin amfani da dakin da ke cikin dakin inda ake shuka. Amma kula da zane! Zasu iya halakar da bako na kashin kansu.
Mai lalacewa gerbera da kwari, ciki har da:
- gizo-gizo mite;
- whitefly;
- aphid;
- schitovka.
Zaka iya kawar da su ta hanyar yin wanka a hankali a cikin wani bayani mai kyau, ko ta amfani da kwari.
Kara karantawa game da kula da gerbera a nan, amma a nan mun gaya dalilin da yasa kwayoyin gerbera zasu juya launin rawaya da kuma yadda za'a bi da shi.
Kiwo
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku na kiwo farin gerbera:
tsaba (da wuya);- raga na daji;
- grafting.
tsaba (da wuya);Ana dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa a farkon farkon bazara, an rufe shi da ƙananan launi na ƙasa, a baya an dafa shi tsawon 3-4 hours.
Za a iya dasa shuka a baya fiye da watanni 6 bayan girbi.bayan bushewa sosai.
Bayan na farko ganye ya bayyana a kan matasa shuke-shuke, suna transplanted, a hankali yanke daga tip na babban tushe.
Sake gwadawa ta hanyar rarraba sau da yawa ana yin lokacin da yake girma a cikin gida.
- Ana gudanar da raga a karshen flowering, yawanci a lokacin rani.
- Lokacin rarraba gerbera, an cire saman saman ƙasa daga ƙasa, kashi na sama na rhizome da aka fallasa a hankali an yanke shi a cikin biyu (yana da mafi dacewa don yin amfani da mikakke).
- Dukkan sassa an bar a tukunya.
- Ana bada shawara don yayyafa shi tare da ƙoshin wuta (amma kawai busassun ƙasa zai yi).
- Bayan bayyanar sabbin asali a cikin tsire-tsire, an cire su da kuma dasa su a cikin kwantena daban daban. Wata hanya ta kiwo farin kyau - cuttings.
- A cikin gerbera, wani ɓangare na tushe tare da ganye da kuma kulle an yanke kuma an sanya shi a cikin dumi, ƙasa m.
- A cikin kimanin mako guda, za a bayyana sabon harbe, inda sabon "Transvaal daisies" zai yi girma.
Kammalawa
Gerberas suna kyawawan furanni masu kyau, masu launi, masu ban mamaki, marasa kyau a cikin kyawawan kyan gani. Suna iya farfado da ciki na kowane ɗaki, suna ba da bayanin kula da gaisuwa da tsammanin rayuwar yau da kullum. Kuna iya ba da wani ɓangare ga mutumin da kuke da girmamawa sosai da jinƙai.
