Shuke-shuke

Physalis: kulawa da sauka a kasar da kuma a gida

Physalis shine mafi girman memba na dangin dare. Yawancin nau'ikan ana samun su a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka. Sunan ya fito ne daga yaren Girka, kuma ya fassara a matsayin kumfa. Wannan ya faru ne sabili da siffar sabon salo na kofin gilashi mai haske, kama da walƙiyar walƙiya da aka yi da takarda da takarda. Girma da kulawa da bushes suna kama da tumatir, waɗanda sune mafi kusancin dangin wannan amfanin gona.

Bayanin Jiki

Physalis, mafi yawan lokuta, shine tsiro mai perennial tare da ƙarami mai tsayayyen tsinkaye ko kuma kara mai tushe, daga abin da karamin adadin rassan suka tashi. Tsawon daji shine cm 60-120. Tushen tushe mai ƙarfi ne mai jan jiki.

Takardun ganye suna da bakin ciki, mai lankwasa, gefen gaba, nau'i nau'i a cikin manyan tiers. Eningaura da tsayi suna da tsayin tsirrai. A cikin siffar kusa da m ko kwai tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Yankin yana da ƙananan abubuwan gani ko raƙuman ruwa, farfajiyar yana da haske da kuma matte.

Furannin furanni ba su da tushe, tare da diamita na inuwa 3 cm daga cream zuwa fari. Suna located a takaice peduncles a cikin axils na ganye tare da dukan tsawon da harbe. Samuwar buds ya ci gaba tun ƙarshen bazara kuma yana watanni 3 lokacin bazara.

Kofin amniotic yana da iska, yana yin kama da fitilar da aka yi da takarda, a cikin wasu nau'ikansa diamita ya kai cm 5-6 A cikin 'ya'yan itacen akwai itacen da aka yi da ja-orange mai zagaye a zagaye tare da tsaba masu yawa. Fruiting daga Yuni zuwa Satumba cikakke.

Ana sanya daji a matsayin kayan ado, duk da haka, akwai zaɓuɓɓukan da ake dafe, abubuwan da suka dace masu amfani waɗanda ake godiya dasu.

Iri da nau'ikan physalis

Yawan nau'in nau'in physalis shine 120-124, duk da haka, ana iya rarrabu zuwa manyan rukuni uku:

  • Samfuran kayan adon ba su cinyewa kuma suna zama ado na gadajen fure. Iri daban-daban sun banbanta tsakanin tsayi da girma na fitila.
  • Physalis berry, daji na shekara-shekara yana tsabtace da kansa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan ne, waɗanda ake cinyewa ke sanya cakulan, adana, ƙara wa Sweets, bushe da sa maimakon raisins a yin burodi.
  • Irin nau'in kayan lambu wanda aka sani da tumatir na Mexico ko ceri ƙasa. Yana da launi na asali na ganye: fadama kore, rawaya da shunayya.

Wani rukuni ne na duniya, ana amfani da berries duka don adanawa da nau'ikan nau'ikan sarrafa kayan abinci, da sabo.

Don fahimtar iyali tare da manyan nau'ikan mallakar kowane rukuni, an haɗa teburin:

TakeThe taro na berries (g)Siffofin
Kayan ado
Na kowa3-12Amfani da shi azaman daidaitawa a cikin bouquets.
FrancheBranan daji sosai mai laushi, tare da manyan kofuna waɗanda ke amniotic. Yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi.
Berry
FloridaHar zuwa 1.5Dadi mai dadi ba tare da sourness da wari ba.
Abarba50-80Arziki a cikin Vitamin C
Harshen Peruvian (strawberry)7-12Late ripening.
Raisin mamaki2Daidai dace da bushewa, an adana shi na dogon lokaci.
Filayen gwal3-5Tare da dandano strawberry.
Kayan lambu / duniya
Marmalade30-40Yin haƙuri akan shading.
Jam50-60
Abin ci120-200Unpretentious, sanyi-jurewa.
Abarba50-80Berriesananan berries.
Moscow da wuriFarkowa da wuri.
Kayan kwalliya30-50Haske 'ya'yan itatuwa kore. Karfi reshe.
Kasar Gribovsky50-60Sa mai daraja sosai.
Korolek60-90Creeping harbe za a iya shuka a cikin hunturu.

Girma physalis daga tsaba: dasa da kulawa

Physalis ya dace da girma har ma da masu farawa. Yawancin lokaci ana samun busassun a cikin seedlings, kuma a cikin yankuna tare da ruwan sanyi, zaku iya shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. A cikin bazara: duk Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Idan kayi shuka a cikin Oktoba, girbi zai kasance a cikin kakar mai zuwa. Rayuwar shiryayye na kayan dasa shine shekaru 4-5.

Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a bincika tsaba don germination ta ɗan gishiri mai ɗan gishiri. Surfacing zuwa saman an ƙi. Na gaba, disinfect tare da manganese ruwan hoda mai duhu ko chlorhexidine an gurbata cikin ruwa.

'Yan uwan ​​kusancin physalis sune tumatir da barkono. Sabili da haka, zaku iya siyan ƙasa don waɗannan kayan lambu ko shirya cakuda ƙasa daga peat, humus ko takin, turf ƙasar da yashi a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1: 0.5. Don rage yawan acidity, zaku iya ƙara rabin gilashin ash ko 2 tbsp. dolomite gari ga kowane 5 l. Har ila yau, ana buƙatar magance shi daga cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma larvae kwaro. Don wannan, tukunyar jirgi biyu ya dace, a cikin abin da zaku iya riƙe cakuda ƙasa don awa ɗaya ko a cikin tanda a zazzabi na 200 ° C. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da fungicides. Wannan zai kawar da barazanar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan sa'o'i 24, ƙasar tana shirye don aiki.

A yankuna tare da bambancin zazzabi mai ƙarfi, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙauna mai zafi yana girma ta hanyar shuka Wannan zai taimaka don samun amfanin gona a kan bushes maimakon lokacin shuka a cikin ƙasa. Shuka da kyau 30-45 kwanaki kafin motsi zuwa m wuri. Kwantena dauke da karfin 500 ml kowannensu ya dace ko kuma idan an tsayar da zabi akan akwatin da aka saba, yakamata a sanya tsaba a bisa tsarin 6X8. A nan gaba, irin wannan makircin zai cire ƙarin ɗaukar hoto.

Na gaba, akwati an cika shi da rabin kayan abinci mai gina jiki. An shimfiɗa ƙwayar zuriya a ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙaramin ƙasa na ƙasa. Mataki na gaba zai zama da hankali a shayar a zafin jiki a dakin da samar da ajiyar fim, zaka iya amfani da jakar filastik. Yanayin da ya dace don yin shuka shine +20 ° C. Bayan tsiro ya bayyana, ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio kada ya faɗi ƙasa +23 ° C. Idan an cika dukkan yanayi, 'ya'yan itacen zasu bayyana a cikin kwanaki 7-8. A cikin ƙananan farashi, seedlings zasu yi toho a cikin wata.

Da farko, yana da mahimmanci a kula da matakin ɗaya na iska kuma ku bar ɗakin don kare yara seedlings daga cutar tare da ƙafa baƙar fata. Koyaya, ya kamata a lura cewa tsire-tsire mara kyau ya tsinkaye zayyana. Tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana, ana buƙatar ƙara girman seedlings tare da phytolamp na LED, tare da shi a maraice don 3-4 hours. Yana da Dole a ba da ruwa kasar gona drip kuma yi shi kullum.

Idan babu girma ko, akasin haka, ja da bushes ma na rayayye sama, shi wajibi ne don takin, yi amfani da dillen tsoma kaji a cikin wani rabo na 20: 1. Irin waɗannan tinctures zasu buƙaci lita 5 a 1 m2. Hakanan ana shayar da takaddun takaddun, wanda za'a iya sayansu a cikin shagunan ƙwararrun.

Idan tara ya zama dole, ya kamata a aiwatar dashi bayan tsire-tsire suna da nau'i biyu na ganye. Kuna buƙatar canja wurin bushes tare da dunƙule na ƙura, a hankali ƙoƙarin kada ku lalata tushen, a cikin kwantena tare da ƙarar kusan 10 cm.

Physalis ya shirya don canzawa zuwa wuri na dindindin idan ya girma faranti 5-6.

Kula da physalis lokacin da girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe

Hankali yana farawa da zaɓin wani shafi don dasawa, gado mai haske ko gado na fure, an kiyaye shi daga iska mai banƙyama da zane, ya dace. Bushes ba sa son inuwa mai ƙarfi; sauka a ƙasa mai lahani ba zai yi ba.

Mafi kyawun ƙasa shine m kuma sako-sako, alkaline dan kadan ko tsaka tsaki a cikin irin wannan shuka zai ba da amfanin gona mai kyau, pH - 5.0-7.0. Acidic matsakaici bai dace da komai ba, ana iya gyara wannan yanayin ta hanyar ƙara itacen katako ko lemun tsami. Don fara dasawa, an haye ƙasa, duk ragowar shuka da ciyawa an cire daga gare ta, kuma ana ƙara hadaddun takin don amfanin gona na Nordhade ga kowane 1 m2.

Zai fi kyau a shuka physalis bayan cucumbers, beets, kabeji ko karas. Ba a ba da shawarar tsawon shekaru 3 bayan eggplant, barkono, dankalin turawa, ko tumatir. Yarda da wannan dokar zai rage haɗarin lalacewar shuka da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa don yanayi da yawa.

A cikin ƙasa da aka shirya, yi furrows kuma sanya tsaba a ciki, shimfiɗa su a ƙananan tazara. Nisa tsakanin layuka ba ƙasa da cm 30. Bayan fitowar su, dole ne a fitar da bakin ciki, barin mafi ƙarfi bushes. Ragowar tsire-tsire bayan daukakan za a iya kafe a wani wuri, suna daidaita da sauri, duk da haka, ana fara samun 'ya'yan itace daga baya fiye da waɗanda ba a dasa su ba.

Idan aka zaɓi hanyar seedling na yaduwar physalis, to ya kamata a yi ramuka mai zurfi na 30 cm a cikin ƙasa .. Ba da karfi na sanya iri iri daban-daban ba, nisa tsakanin tsirrai ya kamata ya zama cm 50-70. Recessed cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance har zuwa farkon ganyen farko, kuma samfuran da suka girma ya kamata a sanya su a kusurwa. Bayan yayyafa da ƙasa, ana buƙatar yawan shayarwa. A farkon kwanakin ya zama dole don rufe tare da fim, ana iya cire shi bayan tsire-tsire sun ɗauki tushe a cikin sabon wuri.

Bayan kwanaki 14, takin ta amfani da taki ko dusar kaza, koyaushe a dilice. Na gaba, kafin ƙirƙirar buds, yi amfani da takin gargajiya. Wadanda zasu biyo baya ana yin su sama da sau daya a kowace kwana 7.

Bushes na tsayi irin physalis bukatar goyon baya da garters a gare su, sauran zai taimaka samuwar bushes: pruning da mafi tsayi harbe. Hakanan zai kara nauyin berries.

Godiya ga tsarin tushen ci gaba mai karfi da iko, inji ba ya tsoron fari. Don rage adadin ruwa da kwance ƙasa, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar Layer mulching - zaku iya zuba peat.

Physalis bayan fure

Bayan fure, mahimman abubuwan da suka faru sune tarin 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba, kazalika da ingantaccen shiri na tsirrai don yanayin sanyi.

Tarin iri

An cire hatsin physalis daga bushes 30-60 kwanaki bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara ko Satumba. Berries dake kan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan suna girma da sauri; ana iya girbin girbi na lokacin sanyi daga gare su, ku ci sabo ko don samun tsaba. Don yin wannan, 'ya'yan itacen da aka girbe dole ne a yanke su kashi 2 kuma a riƙe tsawon awanni 24 a ruwan sama, sannan a shafa a ɓangaren matattarar abinci. Ya kamata a wanke sauran iri kuma a bushe.

Cin nasara

Perennial physalis adapts da kyau da kuma hibernates, na sama na daji ta bushe, kuma da zuwan bazara sabon ganye girma. Hakanan, za'a iya yanka akwatunan ruwan lemo masu kyau kuma a adana su don dacewa da bouquets, kuma za'a iya cire faranti na ganye. Rufe sauran tushen a cikin ƙasa tare da yanki na kayan mulching, alal misali, peat. Dole ne a tattara tsaran bushes na shekara-shekara da lalacewa, ƙasa kuma a maimakonsu ta haɗu.

Yaduwa da physalis

Nau'in kayan ado na shuka shine perennial kuma ana iya yaduwa da tsaba. Physalis shimfidawa da sauri ta hanyar fure kuma ya wajaba don cire ƙarin ƙwayoyi ko tono a cikin iyakokin.

Baya ga tsaba, ana iya samun ƙarin bushes ta amfani da cuttings waɗanda aka girbe a tsakiyar bazara. A kan harbi kana buƙatar barin ƙarar 2-3 da tono a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar zurfafawa da rabi. Daga sama wajibi ne don tsara tsari na fim, wanda za'a iya cire shi bayan tushe da fitowar sabon faranti. Kula da cutarwa shine ciyarwa na yau da kullun da kariya daga rana mai aiki.

Wani zabin shine creeping rhizomes, sassan abin da za'a iya motsawa zuwa sabon wuri. Ya kamata ku zaɓi misalai tare da harbe da aka kirkira.

Girma physalis a gida

Idan ana so, kowane nau'in physalis za'a iya girma a gida, babban abu shine a bi ka'idodi na ainihi don kula da shuka:

  • Don tsire-tsire masu ƙauna mai zafi, sill taga da hasken da zazzabi na +18 ... +25 ° C zai zama mafi kyau duka. A lokacin rani, mafi kyawun wurin a tsare: baranda mai iska ko loggia.
  • Za'a iya amfani da madadin shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, aka siya a wani shago, babban yanayin shine abinci mai gina jiki da wadatar halitta.
  • Watering yakamata ya zama na yau da kullun, duk da haka, waterlogging kada ta kasance;
  • Lokacin da aka kiyaye gidan, kusan kusan cutar ba za ta iya kamuwa da cututtukan fata ba. Binciko na lokaci-lokaci, matakan kariya da bin ka'idodin kulawa zasu kawar da waɗannan matsalolin gaba ɗaya.
  • Sake bugun yana faruwa, kamar yadda kuma a cikin ƙasa bude tare da taimakon cuttings ko harbe daga tushe, tono cikin tukwane mutum.

Cutar da kwari

Physalis tsire-tsire ne mai tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban da hare-hare na kwaro. Amma wani lokacin, idan ba'a girmama yanayin namo ko jujjuyawar amfanin gona ba, wannan amfanin kayan lambu na iya yin rashin lafiya. Teburin zai taimake ka gano matsalar kuma ka samo maganinsa:

Ciwon ciki / kwaroKwayar cutaDaliliMatakan magancewa
MusaBambanta launuka masu duhu akan kambi.Ba daidai ba kulawa.Musanya disinfection da manganese. Ganowa da lalata halayen da abin ya shafa.
PenicillosisRotting berries.Tsarin girke amfanin gona ba tare da sarrafa amfanin gona ba.
FusariumBushes baya a ci gaba.Kasar da cutar ta kamu da tarkace na shuka. Tsaba masu kamuwa da cuta.
Farin, launin toka mai ruwa mai laushi

Haske gamsai da smoky shafi, bayyanar mycelium.

Sangarorin ɓangaren tsire-tsire sun bushe, bazu, an fitar da wari mara dadi.

Shirye-shirye: Kartotsid, Abiga-Peak, Riba.
CanjiDuhu mai dafi da'irori.
Late blightBrown spots a kan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.Mutuwar akai-akai, sanyi.1% Bordeaux cakuda.
Kafa bakiJirgin ya koma baƙi.Wuce kima na iska da ƙasa.Jawo. Yana neman kasar gona. M ruwa.
MatsawaRami a cikin greenery.Taba ƙura watsawa, sunadarai - Meta.
Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaroAdana larvae a cikin ƙasa.Tarin tarin kwari.
MedvedkaNibbled sassa na jikin iska da tsarin tushe. Hatta tsaba suna shafawa.Yana neman ƙasa, saita tarko. Yin sarrafa wurare tare da tara kwari tare da kerosene ko naphthalene.
WirewormTona ƙasa mai zurfi kuma halakar da larvae da aka gano, kada ku shuka al'adun bayan baƙaƙen fata. Moarfin motsi tare da ƙararrawa don kama manya.
AphidsBushewa ganye da furanni.Babban zafi da babban iska zazzabi.Yawon shakatawa na katako. Fesa tare da infusions: tansy da tsutsa a cikin girman 1: 1 1 kilogiram na ganye, tafasa don minti 10-15, sanyi, ƙara 40 g sabulu don tsarma zuwa ƙarar 10 l.
Spider miteThin tenet a kan harbe.Yanayin zafi, yanayin bushe.Ana Share rukunin a bazara. Yin amfani da kayan ado daga aphids.

Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: kaddarorin amfani da contraindications don amfani da physalis

Duk sassa na edible physalis: berries, ganye faranti, tushen tsarin, kazalika da tsaba dauke da fadi da kewayon optimally daidaita Organic abubuwa. A cikin ɗari grams ne:

  • Babban adadin bitamin PP, yana shafar aikin mai juyayi, narkewa da tsarin jijiyoyin jini.
  • Ascorbic acid yana taimakawa wajen tsayayya da gajiya da yanayi na lokaci, sanyi da cututtuka na numfashi. Hakanan mafi kyawun sha daga ƙarfe daga abincin shuka.
  • B1 - shan kashi a cikin metabolism na jiki, da kuma phosphorus, wanda ke karfafa kasusuwa da hakora.
  • A - wanda ke da fa'ida a kan idanu kuma yana riƙe hangen nesa a babban mataki.
  • 18 amino acid daban-daban.
  • Beta-carotene da pectin, wanda ke daidaita sukari na jini kuma yana ba ku damar haɗa wannan al'ada a cikin abincin abinci.
  • Micro da Macro abubuwa.
  • Lycopene, wanda ke ba da launi mai haske ga 'ya'yan itacen, yana yaƙi da ƙwayoyin kansa.
  • Kalori abun ciki na berries - 53 kcal.

Wannan inji ana daukar shi magani kuma yana da amfani ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ruwan' ya'yan itacen su, har da asalinsu, wanda dole ne a adana shi a cikin kaka. An yi imanin cewa yin amfani da physalis yana taimakawa tare da jin zafi, zub da jini, yaƙar nasara tare da ƙwayar cuta, yana haɓaka samar da bile. Yana da tasiri mai kyau akan aikin hanji kuma yana taimaka wa maƙarƙashiya.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da amfani musamman ga mata don hanyar dakatar da zub da jini, da kuma cire hanyoyin kumburi. Bayan amfani, akwai ingantaccen cigaba yayin cututtuka irin su cystitis, pyelonephritis.

Tun zamanin da, a cikin maganin gargajiya na ƙasashe da yawa na duniya, kayan ado da tinctures daga fruitsya fromyan itaciya daga irin wannan cututtukan kamar:

  • hepatitis;
  • urolithiasis;
  • rheumatism;
  • gout
  • kumburi da kurma.

Fresh berries ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare su ana amfani da su don magance hauhawar jini: kuna buƙatar cin' ya'yan itatuwa 5-7 kowace rana. Hakanan yana taimaka wa tonsillitis, stomatitis da laryngitis: 1 tbsp. l Sau 3 a rana. A matsayin hanyar dakatar da zub da jini, daga tari da jin zafi, kayan kwalliya daga tushen tsirrai sun dace.

Koyaya, kamar yadda yake tare da kowane magani, akwai contraindications:

  • A cikin abinci kuma a matsayin magani, ana iya amfani da kayan lambu da nau'in Berry kawai. Physalis na ado suna da guba kuma ba a bada shawarar yin amfani da shi sosai ba.
  • Tare da taka tsantsan, yakamata a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar mutanen da ke fama da yawan acidity. Kuna buƙatar farawa da guda 1-2, yana ƙara yawan kashi a hankali. Wannan kuma ya shafi waɗanda ke da matsalar thyroid ko ulcers.
  • Abubuwan ƙasa suna da alkaloids waɗanda suke da guba ga jiki don haka ba za'a iya amfani dashi azaman magani ba.
  • 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari dole ne su kasance cikakke, berries marasa tushe na haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiya.
  • A wasu yanayi, zai iya haifar da nutsuwa, kuma cin abinci mai yawa na iya haifar da gudawa.

Physalis asali yana kallon furen fure, koda mai lambu mai novice zai iya jurewa da aikinta. Daidaita kuma a hankali aiwatar da shawarwarin zasu taimaka ga samun yalwar girbi mai daɗin cikakke da yayan itace da ke amfanar jikin mutum.