Holstein irin shanu

Mafi sau da yawa, shanu suna cike da gonar noma don samar da madara.

A halin yanzu, wannan ba shine dalilin da za'a iya kiyaye wannan shanu ba, amma yana da mafi riba da barga. A cikin rayuwar mutum, kayan kiwo na daga cikin abincin yau da kullum, baya tare da kayan kiwo masu mahimmanci abubuwa sun shiga jikin mutum.

A zamanin d ¯ a, waɗannan dabbobi sun fi jin dadin su fiye da yadda suke yanzu, amma har yanzu mutane suna kiwon su. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan labarin zaka karanta game da irin wannan shanu kamar Holstein ko kuma ana kiran shi Holstein-Friesian.

Babban halayen da siffofi na shanu na Holstein

Kafin mu fara bayyana wannan nau'in, za mu gaya muku labarin. Yankin wannan shanu ne Holland. Amma ta sami karfin da ya fi girma a cikin ƙasashe kamar Amurka da Kanada.

Na farko wanda ya fara haifar da shanu na Holstein ya zama Winsrop Chenery. Tarihin irin wannan a Amirka: kamar haka: W. Cheneri, a baya a 1852, ya sayo wata awaki daga Holland daga kyaftin jirgi daga Netherlands. Saboda halaye masu girma, wannan nau'in ya zama na kowa a Arewacin Amirka.

Ya bambanta da ƙasashen Turai a Amurka da Kanada, an kulawa da yawa ga ƙwarewar ƙwayoyin fata da fata, masu shayarwa sunyi ƙoƙarin inganta irin.

A watan Maris na 1871, an kafa wani yanki na musamman na Holstein-Friesian. U.Chenery ya zama shugaban wannan al'umma. Kuma bayan shekara guda na ayyukan wannan kungiya, an raba nauyin Holstein a jihohi goma sha biyu, kuma a wannan shekara, 1872, an buga littafi na farko game da kabilar Holstein-Friesian. An fara kira Bretagne ne kawai daga 1983.

Jagoran ci gaban wannan irin shine kiwo.

Bayan lokaci mai tsawo, masu shayarwa suna gudanar da irin nau'in da aka rarrabe ta girmansa, nauyi, tsarin mulki, kuma don ƙara yawan yawan nauyin. Ƙarin bayani game da duk waɗannan za ku karanta a ƙasa.

A wannan lokaci Yaren Holstein shine mafi shahararrun irin a Amirka da Kanada, har ma a Turai.

Yaya za a gano cewa Holstein ta kasance ba tare da yin kuskure ba lokacin sayen?

Dabbobi mafi girma na Holstein sune baƙar fata ne kuma sun bambanta, tare da aibobi masu launin baki masu yawa., amma akwai nau'in nau'in nau'in launin fata, amma har yanzu akwai farin a kan wutsiya, kafafu, a cikin sashin jiki kuma kusa da kai. Har yanzu akwai shanu da aka bayyana irin launin ja-launi, amma ganin su abu ne mai girma.

Babban jinsunan bambancin jinsi da nauyinsa:

• Matsakaicin nauyin mutum daya daga ƙwararriya mai girma yana daga 600 zuwa 700 kilogiram, amma kuma yana yiwuwa a ƙara waɗannan bayanai lokacin da yake ajiye shanu a cikin yanayin da ya dace.
• Tsawan tsohuwar tsohuwar maraya a madararru shine 143 inimita.
• Nauyin nauyin tamanin daya ya kai 1200 kg, amma wannan ba iyaka ba ne lokacin da aka ajiye a cikin yanayin da aka kulla.
• Tsayin bijimai ba ya bambanta da tsawo daga cikin kajin kuma kimanin 160 cm ne.
• Nauyin ƙananan maraƙi ya bambanta daga 38 zuwa 43 kilogiram, kuma nauyin nauyin jariri ne 47 kilogiram.
• Ana iya rarrabe nau'in Holstein daga wasu ta hanyar kirji mai zurfi, girmansa daga 82 zuwa 87 cm.
• Matsakaicin matsakaicin girman kirjin ɗakunan dutse na Holstein yana daga kewayo daga 62 zuwa 66 cm.
• Girman jiki a baya yana bambanta daga 60 zuwa 63 centimeters. Wannan ɓangaren jiki yana da tsawo, madaidaiciya da kuma isa ya isa.
• Tsarin tsarin irin wannan nauyin yana da karfi.

Yaren Holstein-Friesian yana da gaba a gaban dangi na fata da fata-fata a cikin nauyin rayuwa, yawan aiki, girman ɗan, jiki da sauran alamomi.

Ba kamar sauran 'ya'ya ba, da Holstein ta kasance a cikin yanayin kirki mai kyau zai iya nuna yawan karuwar yawan aiki, kuma wannan nau'in kuma ya gane kansa a kan ƙwayoyin magunguna daban-daban ba kawai a ƙasashen waje ba, har ma a kasarmu.

Abin da nono da gowshtinskih shanu

Tun da muna magana ne game da shayar dabbar shayarwa, wani ɓangaren ɓangare na wannan labarin shi ne bayanin ɗan saniya.

Harshen mai amfani da ƙwararren Holstein ya zama mai tsabta da kuma wanzuwa. An bayyana ta babban girma. A nono ne fadi da sosai a haɗe zuwa ga ciki na ciki.

Ƙididdigar mai talla ta zana daga 38.5 zuwa 61.3 bisa dari.

A matsakaici, yawan amfanin gona na madara da saniya a kowace rana, tare da ninka biyu, ya kai kilo 65, amma wannan ba iyaka ba ne.

Matsakaicin matsakaici na lactation daga 3.20 zuwa 3.50 kilo mita a minti daya.

Dabbobin shanu da aka kwatanta suna da kyau don yin amfani da na'ura.

Ƙarfi da raunana

Hanyoyi masu kyau na abubuwan da ke cikin Holstein sune:

• Nau'in Holstein shine mai rikodin rikodi na samar da madara. Mafi girma yawan amfanin gona na madara da saniya na tsawon kwanaki 305 ya kasance a shekarar 1983 kuma ya kai fiye da ton 25.
• Gwanin Holstein yana da tsinkaye kuma yana da kyau. By shekaru, shanu da rabi shekaru nauyi shi ne 360 ​​kg kuma za a riga an kwashe.
• Hanyoyin da ke cikin wannan nau'in shine amfani da kwayar halittarsa ​​a inganta ƙwayar fata da fari.
• Kogin Holstein suna da karfin gaske, wanda yake rinjayar yawancin su.
• Irin wannan ya dace da sauyawa yanayi.
• Hanyoyin da ke da nasaba da irin su shine yawan amfanin yau da kullum.
• Wannan nau'in shanu ne mafi shahara a fadin duniya.
• Sun kasance masu maganin cututtuka.

Rashin kasawan wannan nau'in sune:

• Shanu na irin da aka kwatanta suna da matukar damuwa ga yanayin damuwa, wanda baya iya samun sakamako mai kyau akan yawan aiki.
• Kafin sayen irin wannan ya kamata ka kula da burin nauyin irin a rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan nau'in yana da tsabta sosai, yana da tsabta mai tsabta, ba tare da bin waɗannan bukatu ba, shanu suna mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka.
• Wani ɓangare mara kyau na irin wannan nau'in shine sha'awar abinci. A cikin hunturu, dole ne a ciyar da su da legumes, masara da waken soya. Kuma a lokacin rani, suna buƙatar ingancin koreccen abinci.
• Idan kana so ka adana, to wannan nau'in ya fi kyau kada saya, saboda ba tattalin arziki ba ne dangane da abincin abinci da kiyayewa.

Alamar mahimmanci na yawan aiki da haihuwa na Holsteins

A cikin sharuddan yawan amfanin gona na madarar wannan irin, babu kusan daidai. Fiye da shekara ɗari, wannan nau'in ya kasance farkon cikin samar da madara. Bugu da ƙari, mai riƙe da rikodin Burenka mai ba da madara mai kyau.

Matsakaici yawancin aiki shine kimanin kilogram 9000 na madara, kilo 336 na maika da kilogram 295 na furotin.

A haihuwa wannan nau'i ne kuma mai kyau kuma yawa zuwa 83-90 calves da 100 mata.

Don samar da madara mai dindindin, dole ne saniya ta kasance game da nakasa game da sau ɗaya a shekara. Saboda cikar madarar lokaci madara yana karuwa, kuma a biyun, an haifi calves. Ana iya lura cewa irin wannan nau'in na da ƙwaya mai kyau kuma, a matsakaicin, game da 83-90 calves da 100 shanu.

Hanyoyin nama na irin su suna da kyau. Sakamakon rage yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kashi 50-55.

Don shekaru da yawa na kiwo irin wannan nau'in, an bayyana shanu da yawa a cikin littattafai: a Amurka, a shekara ta lactation, 27430 kilogram na madara aka samu daga saniya Rein Mark Zinh. A wannan ƙasa daga shanu Linda 28735 kilogiram na madara.

Wani abu mai mahimmanci na irin wannan nau'in nama ne mai girma.

Hanyoyin da ke tattare da kiwo da irin:

• • Bugu da kari yana da sauƙi mai laushi na saniya. Shanu a cikin 91% na lokuta ba sa bukatar taimakon mutum.
• • Halayyar halayyar irin wannan nau'in halitta shine precocity.