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Yaren mutanen Sweden irin na shanu

Yaren mutanen Sweden shi ne alamomin da yawancin manoma ke kokarin daidaitawa. Kodayake a cikin arewa maso yammacin kasar, sauyin yanayi yana da matsananciyar zafi (yawan zafi a cikin hunturu -17 ° C, a rani + 10 ° C) kuma flora matalauta, sauran Sweden ya warke, kuma flora akwai wadata da yawa.

A cikin wadannan yankuna (tsakiya da kudu maso gabashin sassa na kasar) wanda shahararrun Yaren mutanen Sweden shanu na shanu suna bred.

Halaye na irin nau'o'in shanu a Sweden

Duk dabiyoyin shanu, waɗanda za a tattauna, an san su ne ba kawai a Sweden ba, amma har da iyakar iyakarta. Kuma wasu, irin su Herefords, suna cin abinci a wasu ƙasashe (Hereford ne sunan majalisar a Ingila inda wannan nau'in ya bayyana).

Amma godiya ga masu shayarwa na Sweden, masu shayar da dabbobi da masana kimiyya cewa wadannan dabbobi sun karbi sanin duniya.

Hereford

Akwai nau'o'in Dabbobin Uku uku:

  • ƙaddara;
  • matsakaici;
  • babban.

Harshen herefords yayi daidai da na al'ada na waje na naman iri:

  1. Girma: Yaron yana girma, a matsakaicin, zuwa 135 cm a bushe, wata saniya - har zuwa 125 cm.
  2. Mass: Maman yana auna har zuwa 900 kg (akwai lokuta idan nauyin nauyin ya kai kg 1250), shanu - kimanin kilo 640-860.
  3. Mass calves a haihuwa: Ana haifa ƙananan bijimai, suna da nauyi har zuwa 35 kg, kajin - 26-32 kg.
  4. Ƙarar nono: a cikin sa, kirji zai iya kai 215 cm a girth, a cikin wata saniya - 195 cm.
  5. Shugaban: ƙananan girman, wuyansa yana da ƙarfi da gajeren.
  6. Torso: Tabbatar da kyau, a tsaye tsaye ga dewlap.
  7. Jiki: m.
  8. Hannuna: haske, launin toka-launin toka, tare da ƙarshen duhu.
  9. Chest da kafadu: karfi.
  10. Baya: madaidaiciya, lebur, tare da ci gaba da raguwa.
  11. Labarai: karfi, takaice.
  12. Udder: ba ya bambanta a cikin babban girma.

Shin kuna sani? Dabbar Danube na kabilar Hereford, daga yankin Chelyabinsk, ita ce mafi girma daga wakilin mambobi a Rasha. Nauyinsa nauyin kilo 1250.

Ƙunƙarar gashi mai haske yana da tsayi da tsawo, wanda zai taimaka wajen kiwo irin wannan nau'in a yanayin yanayin zafi mai sanyi. Domin waɗannan shanu suna da launi mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa. Sternum, ciki, tip na wutsiya - fari. Wasu lokuta wani takalma mai laushi ya keta baya na saniya.

Idan daya daga cikin iyaye yana da farin farin, wannan halayen ya gaji. Yawan aiki:

  • Milk samarwa. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'o'in ƙwayoyin nama, saboda haka dalili suna samar da ƙwayar madarar ƙananan - ba fiye da kilo 1200 a kowace shekara ba. Milk ne kawai don ciyar da calves.
  • Milk mai kifi. Wannan adadi yana kusa da 4%.
  • Precocity. Raba nasa ne ga marigayi-ripening. Kodayake aikin da ake yi don kara yawan precocity ya yi, ba su ba da sakamako mai ma'ana ba.
  • Gida. Dabbobi suna shirye su auri game da shekaru 2-2.5. A cikin kimanin shekaru 3, shanu sukan haifi 'ya'yansu na farko.
  • Kashe fita. Wannan adadi ne 62-70%.
  • Amfanin nauyi. Dabbobi na wannan nau'in suna daya daga cikin mafi girman darajar karuwar riba / yawan abinci. Tare da daidaitattun abun ciki, a kowace rana bijimin ya karu da 1.5 kilogiram, karsan - ta hanyar 1.25 kg. Da shekaru 2, zaki yana dauke da fiye da 800 kg, kuma maraƙi yana kimanin kilo 650.

Wadun shanu na Hereford suna rayuwa, a matsakaita, har zuwa shekaru 18. Saboda karfi mai ginawa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin calves, shanu suna sauƙin kula da su, kuma yawanci ba sa bukatar gwani. Kwararren iyaye suna ci gaba sosai - shanu suna kewaye da ƙwayoyin jarirai tare da kulawa da hankali, kada ka yarda da sauran calves zuwa nono.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kana so ka sami lafiyayyiya, zuriya masu kyau daga Herefords, ya kamata ka kirga lokacin lokacin da aka haɗu da shanu a cikin hanyar da calving ya fada a farkon rabin Maris.

Yayin da fatawar nama mai laushi ya fāɗi, kuma yana tsiro a kan nama, an yi amfani da fattening yanzu a ƙasa da ƙasa. Manoma sun fi so su bunkasa dabbobi har abada kuma suna ciyar da su da abun ciki na fiber, wanda ke da ƙwayar karancin calories. Kayan ya fi mafi yawan sauran mutane don samun naman sa.

Herefords suna da matukar dacewa da kowane yanayin damuwa, suna da lafiya, kusan ba su da lafiya, ko da lokacin da aka sa a waje. Babban yanayin kula da lafiyar dabba mai kyau shine daidaitaccen ciyar. A wannan yanayin, zasu iya jure wa sanyi sau da yawa zuwa -30 ° C.

Tare da abinci mai gina jiki, riba mai yawa ya sauko da sau 2, dabba baiyi haƙuri ba. A Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus, yana da kyau don ciyar da Herefords ta amfani da hanyar hadewa: a cikin rani a kan wuraren kiwo, a cikin hunturu - silage, hay da kuma gauraye kayan abinci.

Golshtinsky

Holstein sune mafiya yawan kiwo a duniya. Yawancin wadannan dabbobin suna da baki tare da launin motsa jiki, sau da yawa akwai ja-motley. Har zuwa shekara ta 1971, an dauke masu launin jan launi don kada su bi ka'idodin, amma bayan wannan kwanan nan an rajista su a cikin wani nau'i daban.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da launin fata Latvian, red steppe, Jersey, Ayrshire, Yaroslavl.

Halin Holsteins:

  1. Girma: Yaro mai girma yana girma zuwa 160 cm, saniya - har zuwa 145 cm.
  2. Nauyin: yaduwar tamanin ya kai kimanin 1200 kg, a wasu lokuta zai iya isa zuwa kilo 1500. Jiki yana kimanin kilo 700-750. Akwai lokuta idan karan da aka cinye har zuwa 900 kg da sauransu.
  3. Mass calves a haihuwa: Yawan da yaron ya zarce 35-43 kilogiram, nau'in karsan shine nau'in 32-37.
  4. Gina: jiki mai laushi, ƙafar kafada yana da tsawo kuma mai faɗi, ɓangaren lumbar ya ci gaba sosai.
  5. Udder: babba, tare da suturar da aka rarrabe, da tabbaci a kan bango na peritoneum.

Yawan aiki:

  1. Precocity. Cikakken shekaru ya zo da kyau sosai. Bull-calves, wanda ba su dace da ƙarin ƙwarewa, ana aika don kashe a game da 1 shekara. A wannan lokaci, nauyin su ya kai kilo 700-750.
  2. Milk mai kifi. Wannan adadi ya kai 3.1-3.8%.
  3. Protein. A cikin albarkatun kiwo da aka samu daga Holstein, yawancin sunadarai shine 3-3.2%.
  4. Kashe fita. Wannan adadi ya ragu, kimanin 55%. Amma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, ainihin ma'anar irin shine samar da madara. Dabbobi suna karba da sauri, kuma kodayake babu nama a cikin shanu, an kiyasta shi don dandano mai kyau da rashin kitsen.

Shin kuna sani? Rabin rabin madarar da aka samar da ita a Sweden an ba da shanu ne na Holstein.

Masu tsarki na Holstein sun kasance mafi kyau a cikin dukkanin shanu na kiwo. Bayanai na musamman sun dogara ne akan yanayin tsare, yankin, ciyarwa. Alal misali, ƙwararru na Isra'ila sun halicci yanayi wanda ya haɗu da dukan abubuwan da suka dace waɗanda suka hada da yawan amfanin Holsteins zuwa 10,000 kilogiram a kowace shekara.

Dabbobi na launi mai launi suna ba da yawan ƙwayar madara - ba fiye da 4 a kowace shekara ba; yayin da yake da kitsen gaske - kusan 4%.

Ana amfani da Holstein a cikin kiwo domin inganta wasu nau'o'in. Duk da haka, waɗannan dabbobi suna da wuya. Idan kana son dabbobinka su kasance lafiya, ya kamata ya samar da yanayin da ya dace. Domin dabba ya yi girma kuma ya sami nauyin nauyi, ya kamata ya kauce wa waɗannan abubuwa:

  • m rage cin abinci;
  • ƙananan zafin jiki na haɓaka;
  • ciki mai nauyi;
  • rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin milking.

Mutane masu tsarki na Holstein suna da matukar damuwa ga danniya, wanda, daga bisani, ke haifar da asarar hasara da kuma rashin lafiya.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙananan ƙwayar madara na shanu na Holstein, hakan ya fi yawan kitsen mai da furotin a cikinta. Alal misali, a Amurka daya dabba yana bayarwa a matsakaita har zuwa kilo 9000 na madara a kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin mai shi ne 3.6%, abun ciki na gina jiki shine 3.2%. A Rasha, ana samun kilo 7,500 na madara a kowace shekara daga wannan irin saniya. Mai nuna nauyin kitsensa shine 3.8%.

Red-motley

Aiki a kan kiwo na ja-motley irin ya fara a ƙarshen 70s na karni na ashirin. Don hayewa, sai suka ɗauki Holstein da Simmental nau'in shanu. Ayyukan noma a cikin shekaru fiye da ashirin, kuma a shekarar 1998 an shigar da jinsin dabbõbin shanu a cikin littafi mai mahimmanci.

Bayyanar shanu masu launin ja da fari:

  1. Girma: Wannan nuna alama a cikin shanu ya kai 140-150 cm, shanu girma zuwa 132-140 cm.
  2. Nauyin: a lokacin haihuwar, bijimin yana kimanin 36-39 kg, a shekara 1.5 - 435-445 kg, balaga mai girma yana da nauyi nauyin kilo 920-1000. Nauyin saniya a lokacin lactation farko shine 505 kg.
  3. Gina: da karfi, ci gaba sternum.
  4. Kwanan nan: jan da baki.

  5. Udder: kewaye, m.

Yawan aiki:

  1. Milk samarwa. Shanu suna bada akalla kilo 5000 na madara a kowace shekara. Matsakaicin yawancin yawancin shi ne kg 6,600-7,000 kowace shekara. Akwai shanu da yawan aiki a cikin yankin 10,000 kg ko fiye.
  2. Fat Milk yana da babban abu mai ciki, kimanin 3.8%. A cikin dukkanin tarihin kiwo a cikin jinsin, mutane 16 sun kasance sunaye, suna da karuwar fiye da 8,400 kilogiram na madara da cike mai ciki na 4.26%. Har ila yau, 10 shanu da suka ba da fiye da 9,250 kg a kowace shekara tare da mai da ciki na 4.01%, 5 shanu da ya ba fiye da 10,280 kilogiram na madara (4.09% mai abu) a cikin shekara, da kuma 4 mata shanu da samar da madara a kan kg 12,000 (4.0 %).
  3. Protein. Alamar alama - 3.2-3.4%.

Ayyukan noma don inganta nau'in ana aiwatar da shi har yau. Babban abin da ake mayar da hankali shi ne kara yawan yawan madara.

Har ila yau, masu shayarwa suna ƙoƙarin inganta yanayin ƙimar dabba zuwa yanayin yanayin zafi mai tsanani.

Wannan nau'in shanu yana da kullun cikin abun ciki. Duk da haka, domin dabba ya kawo amfanin mafi girma ba tare da cutar da lafiyarta ba, dole ne ya bi wasu shawarwari masu sauki:

  1. Ci gaba da bin biyayyar abinci da milking sosai. Kashewa daga tsarin jadawalin ba zai wuce minti 13 ba, in ba haka ba zai iya rinjayar tasirin gastrointestinal da yawan aiki.
  2. Kowace rana kana buƙatar tsaftace gidan turken, sito, ko wurin da dabba yake ƙarƙashin rufi.
  3. Samun ruwan da ake bukata a yawancin da ake bukata.
  4. A cikin hunturu, da sito ya kamata a daɗaɗa shi sosai, zane-zane ba daidai ba ne. A lokacin rani, ya kamata a kauce wa overheating.
  5. Ciyar da waje a lokacin dumi. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don ciyar da dabba, don mafi yawancin, tare da ganye masu tsami.
  6. A cikin sauran shekara, dole ne a daidaita abincin da zai hada da duk abin da ya kamata don saniya (ingancin hay, silage, haylage, legumes da kuma kayan abinci mai gauraya). Don cika buƙatar furotin, oatmeal da pea bambaro ya kamata a gabatar da su cikin abinci.
  7. Abincin ba ya dogara da sau da yawa a cikin rana. A yayin da aka yada saniya sau biyu a rana, an ba da hankali ga dabba nan da nan kafin hanyar.

Daidai

Shan shanu suna da kyau a Sweden, musamman ma a tsakiyar ɓangaren kasar.

Yana da muhimmanci! Sakamakon suna da kyau sosai. Idan ka yanke shawara don shayar da shanu, wannan nau'i ne mafi kyau ga wannan dalili.

Akwai kiwo da kuma nama da kiwo iri iri na Simmental irin. Yanayin nama yana da kyau sosai ga yanayin arewa. Abincin da kiwo da shayarwa yana buƙatar abinci mai sauƙi. Saboda haka, shanu da aka ajiye a arewacin da yammacin kasar ba su da amfani sosai.

A cikin waɗannan yankuna, layin nama ya zama mafi girma. Amma dabbobin daji, waɗanda aka bred a tsakiyar kasar, da kuma a gabas da kudancin sassa, suna iya samarwa har zuwa 10,000 kilogiram na madara da lactation. Halin simmentals:

  1. Girma Dabbobin ba su da tsayi sosai: shanu suna girma har zuwa 147 cm, shanu - har zuwa 135 cm.
  2. Weight Yaran yana yin kilogram 560-880. Kwan zuma mai girma yana da nauyin kg 840-1280. Kayan dabbobi yana dogara ne akan manufar wannan nau'in: nama mafi kifi.
  3. Mass calves a haihuwa. An haifi gobies, suna da nauyin kimanin kilogram 44, kajin suna kimanin kilo 37.
  4. Gina: shanu suna da madaidaiciya a baya, siffar jiki mai tsallewa tare da sassan layi. Da bijimai suna da hump kamar yadda ke kai.
  5. Shugaban: ƙananan.
  6. Neck: gajeren
  7. Ƙari: takaice da karfi, godiya gare su, Simmentals iya tafiya da yawa kilomita neman wadatar arziki.
  8. Kwanan nan: shanu suna kyawawan launi, shanu suna da inuwa mai haske. Cikin kafafu, ciki da kai suna da fari.
  9. Udder: ƙananan.

Yawan aiki:

  1. Nama yawan aiki. Suna da yawan ƙwayar nama (har zuwa 65% a cikin shanu, har zuwa 57% a cikin kajin). A cikin nama ji an ambaci fibobi, ko da yake ba za a iya kira su ba. Kitsen nama shine kimanin 12%.
  2. Milk yawan aiki. Yawan aiki na madaidaicin madaidaiciya kuma maɗaukaki - 4500-5700 kg ta lactation. Cases lokacin da simmentals ya ba fiye da 12000 kg na lactation suna rajista. Yanke nama na nama sun iya samarwa har zuwa kilo 2500 na madara da lactation, wanda kawai ya isa ya ciyar da ƙudan zuma. Akwai lokuta a yayin da simmentals ta haifi 2 ƙirayi.
  3. Fat A madarar waɗannan shanu yana da babban abun ciki - kimanin 4.1%.
  4. Gida. Shanu suna shirye su yi aure a cikin watanni 8, zaku iya zama masu samarwa cikin watanni 18. Yawancin lokaci ana farawa a farkon shekaru 24-30. Na biyu na zira - 13 watanni bayan na farko.
  5. Precocity. Shekaru na bijimai ya zo kimanin shekaru 5.
  6. Amfanin nauyi. Dabbobi suna da kyau sosai. A cikin watanni shida, maraƙin yana kimanin kilo 185-225. A cikin shekara 1, calves yayi nauyi riga 225-355 kg. Idan dabbobi suna cin abinci yadda ya dace, nauyin su ya karu kowace rana ta hanyar 0.8-1.0 kg. Yayinda yake da shekara daya, shanu da bijimai ba su zuwa don kashe su.
Abubuwan da suka zama ƙididdiga sun zama tushen danyen sababbin iri a wasu ƙasashe tare da ciyayi na dabbobi. Alal misali, a cikin wakilan ba} ar fata na {asar Amirka, an ba su abinci, kuma a cikin 'yan} asashen Rasha na Rasha sun ha] a da kashi 25% na yawan jama'ar} asar.

Yana da muhimmanci! Mastitis wata cuta ce da ta fi dacewa da sauran cututtuka a Simmentals.

A lokacin da ake yaduwa Simmentals ya kamata mu tuna game da wasu fasalulluran abubuwan da suke ciki:

  1. Dole ne a ciyar da simintals. Sai kawai a gaban cin abinci mai cin abinci mai kyau ne saniya zai sami nauyi a hankali.
  2. Wadannan dabbobin suna nuna rashin amincewarsu dindindin zama a cikin turken shanu. Suna buƙatar tafiya ko da a cikin hunturu idan babu dusar ƙanƙara.
  3. Don ciyar da Simingals kana bukatar high quality-hay, haylage, mai girma zaži - Boiled masara. Bugu da ƙari, dabba yana buƙatar abinci mai sauƙi, 2-3 kilogiram na abinci kowace rana, asalinsu, cake da yalwaccen ruwa.

Features kiwon waddan shanu a Sweden

Yawancin nasarar da Sweden ta samu a cikin samar da dabbobi a general, da kuma kiwon dabbobi na musamman, an riga an gabatar da shi mai tsanani da kuma bunkasa fasahar fasaha, tsarin dokoki da tattalin arziki, wanda ya sa muka samar da samfurin dabba a matsayi mai girma. An yi babban aikin da kuma ci gaba da aikatawa da masana kimiyya-shayarwa. A sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a bayyana a taƙaice halin da ake ciki na shanu a wannan ƙasa kamar haka:

  • Dabbobin da ake shayar da su a Sweden suna da mafi daidaituwa;
  • shanu suna halin da kwantar da hankula, daidaitaccen yanayi da kwanciyar hankali, saboda kyakkyawar yanayin tsare;
  • Dabbobi suna da alamun kyakkyawan aikin, da nama da kiwo.

Duk da cewa Sweden ita ce arewacin kasar da ba ta mallaka manyan yankuna, kuma yankin arewa maso yammacin jihar yana da mahimmanci a duk fadin duniya, kiwon dabbobi a ciki shine mafi girma.

Kwarewar Swedes ya nuna cewa tare da kyakkyawar hanya, tare da hada nasarorin kimiyya na zamani da aiki mai wuyar gaske, zaka iya magance matsalolin da suke kallo a farkon kallon ba zai yiwu ba.

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