A ra'ayin mutane mafi yawan zamani, sakonnin pigeon shine anachronism, wani ɓoye na nesa, wanda aka rufe tare da motsin soyayya.
Duk da haka, kwanan nan kwanan nan, irin wannan haɗin shine hanyar sadarwa mafi mahimmanci, kuma mafi sauri.
Yaushe ne sakonnin tattabara
An yi imanin cewa mutumin ya kori kurciya fiye da ƙarni 50 da suka gabata, kuma bisa ga wasu bayanai, ya bayyana cewa wannan tsuntsu ya zauna tare da mu kimanin shekara dubu 10. Saboda wannan lokaci mai tsawo, mazaunan ƙasashe daban-daban sun iya ganin nauyin abu mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci irin wannan tsuntsaye - ikon iya samo gidansu daidai. 
Idan muka juya zuwa labaru, dole ne muyi la'akari da kullun farko, a bayyane, wannan Nuhu ya aiko a lokacin babban ruwan sama don neman sushi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dangane da sauri a nisa, kawai haɗiye, hawk da dutse mai kisa na dutse zasu iya jayayya da wani ɗan kurciya. Kwan zuma zai iya tashi har tsawon lokaci a gudun 100 km / h kuma mafi.
Yaya sun san inda za su tashi da kuma yadda za su tashi
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa game da yadda tsuntsu ya sami hanyar zuwa gida. Zai yiwu a matsayin tsarin kewayawa, pigeons amfani asibitocin yanayi na duniyako watakila ya kasance game da rana, a kan wane matsayi ne suke daidaitawa a fili.
Babu shakka cewa pigeons zasu iya tashiwa gida, wato, zuwa wurin daga inda suka kama shi. Sau da yawa akwai lokuta yayin da tsuntsaye suka tashi daga nesa fiye da 1000 km.
Tarihin imel na Pigeon
Akwai dalilin da yakamata su yi imanin cewa sakonnin pigeon ya bayyana kuma ya zama sanannun ko da kafin farkon zamanin d ¯ a. Da zarar karamar kabilun da suka warwatse a cikin yankunan da ba su da iyaka, sun maye gurbin jihohi, buƙatar ta fara saurin canja wuri tsakanin babban birnin da larduna. 
Babban muhimmanci shi ne sadarwa a cikin harkokin soja. Kuma tun lokacin da siginar ko ƙirar suka fito da siginar kawai don ɗan gajeren nisa, ba za su iya gasa da tsuntsaye masu sauri ba.
Yana da sha'awa a karanta game da asali da tarihin gidan gida na kaji.
Al'ummai da tsakiyar zamani
Rashin ikon pigeons don komawa gidansu ya san shi Ancient Girka, Roma, Misira da Gabas ta Tsakiya. A farkon farkon zamanai, Gauls da kabilun Jamus ba kawai amfani da kurciya a matsayin 'yan farar hula ba, amma kuma sun yi amfani da kwarewarsu don amfani da makamai da kuma kasuwanci.
A tsakiyar karni na XII Misira yana daya daga cikin cibiyoyin ci gaba irin wannan sadarwa.
Dalilin haka shi ne karimci wanda bai dace ba a matsayin 'yancin gari, wanda ya yarda ya biya kuɗi mai yawa ga ma'aikatan aikin horo.
Daga bisani, a cikin shekarun 70 na karni na XVI, a lokacin shekaru 80 na War War, pigeons taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kalubalantar birnin Leiden mai tawaye daga cikin Spaniards. Lokacin da mazaunan garin da aka yi yaƙi da su, sun yanke shawarar su mika wuya, shugaban kungiyar sojojin Holland, William na Orange, ya aika da sakon da taimakon karnin, wanda ya bukaci mazauna garin su rike watanni uku. A ƙarshe, ba a kama Leiden ba.
Shin kuna sani? Kungiyar Wasannin Wasanni ta Pigeon ta Belgium, wadda aka shirya a 1818, kamata a yi la'akari da ku na farko da kulob din 'yan kallo masu lakabi. Sa'an nan kuma soe clubs sun fara buɗewa a Turai. Bayan shekaru 100 a Paris kadai, akwai ma'aikata 8,000 wadanda aka horar da su.
Shekaru na sha tara
Kafin zuwan yin amfani da telegraph, da kuma yadu da yawa, akwai nau'i biyu kawai na sadarwa masu sauri: mai sakonnin kwalliya da masu pigeons. Bugu da ƙari, sabbin sakonnin da aka saba da su sun fi muhimmanci a gaban waɗanda suka fara. 
Friedrich von Amerling (1803-1887) "Furorin Jumma'a" Ko da yake a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu, 'yan kasuwa da yawa sun kasance sau da yawa. Har ila yau, godiya a gare su, an gina ginin kudi na gaba - tsoffin kakanninsu na zamani.
Misali na wannan shi ne yarjejeniyar da ta kawo Nathan Rothschild babbar riba: a cikin 1815, na godewa da wasikar sakon, wannan dan kasuwa ya fahimci nasarar da Napoleon ya yi a Waterloo kwanaki biyu da suka gabata. 
Nathan Rothschild Dangane da halin da ake ciki, ilimin tattalin arziki ya samo asali ne daga mai basirar kasuwanci.
Sanin yadda wannan labarin zai shafi shafukan Faransa a cikin kwanakin nan, yayi aiki a kan musayar, kuma sakamakon haka ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan, idan ba kawai mai amfana (mai karɓa ba).
Bugu da} ari, gwamnatin Netherlands ta kafa tsarin sutura, ta amfani dasu don farar hula da kuma bukatun sojojin, a kan tsibirin daya daga cikin yankuna - zamani Indonesia. A matsayin hanyar sadarwar amfani da irin na Baghdad pigeons.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku horar da tsuntsu wanda ba a yanke shi ba; zai iya samun abokin aure a kansa a wani wuri. Don wannan dalili, ba lallai ba ne ya saki tsuntsaye rabu da su daga gidan kurciya.
A lokacin Ƙasar Franco-Prussian ta 1870-1871, kawai hanya ta sadarwa tare da wakiltar da Jamus Paris da aka feathered postmen. Adadin bayanin shine abin ban mamaki - takardun aikin hukuma 150,000, kuma kusan sau bakwai more saƙonnin sirri. 
A wannan lokacin, wannan hanyar sadarwa ba ta kewaye da ci gaban fasaha: an hada saƙonni don ƙarin bayanai da aka watsa, tare da taimakon fasaha masu girman hoto. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da ƙarar hoto don yin amfani da shi aikawa.
Babban mahimmanci daga inda aka tura wasikar zuwa Paris shine birnin Tours; An kama pigeons daga babban birnin kasar Faransa a cikin balloon. Jamus sunyi ƙoƙari su yi yaƙi da ma'aikatan jirgin sama tare da taimakon magunguna, amma sassan sadarwa har yanzu suna aiki. 
Wataƙila da siege na Paris, kuma wataƙila wani abu kuma shi ne dalilin da cewa a ƙarshen karni na XIX, yawancin kasashen Turai sun fara sabis na pigeon don bukatun soja. 
Amma ba kawai sojojin sun yi amfani da fasaha na tsuntsaye ba - manema labaru bai bar shi ba tare da kula ba. Alal misali, mafi mashahuri a wannan lokacin an yi tasiri daban-daban na regattas a cikin jarida. Mutane suna so su san game da sakamakon tashin hankali a farkon wuri. A cewar haka, jarida, wanda a baya ya ba da cikakken bayani game da sakamakon jinsi, ya sayar da kofe fiye da masu fafatawa. A lokacin ne manema labarai suka fara tattaunawa tare da masu mulki da masu jagorancin yachts, don haka zasu shiga jirgi na sufuri na gaggawa - pigeons.
Bincika magungunan kiwo, da kuma karanta game da kitsen tattabara.
A ƙarshen karni na XIX Hawaii ba a taba kasancewa daya daga cikin jihohin Amurka da kuma mafaka mai kyau ba. Ƙananan tsibirin tsibirin sun ɓace a cikin Pacific Ocean, wanda ba'a iya ziyarta da shi ta hanyar gidan waya ko na jirgin sama - har ma da sau da yawa don sake cika ruwa ko 'ya'yan itace. Shekaru 3 kafin farkon karni na ashirin, ba kawai aikin aika gidan waya ba ne a kan tsibirin, amma samfurin kamfanonin zamani - masu fassarar kudi: ban da haruffa, wannan sabis ɗin ya aika kuɗi.
Ya kamata a ambata ma game da Sabis na Gidan Wuta na Babban Barrier. 
Daga ƙarshen karni na 19 zuwa 1908, lokacin da aka sanya wayar USB a saman teku, ta haɗa tsibirin da babban birnin New Zealand - Auckland. 
An kira hukumar Service bluegram. Wannan ma'aikata ya bambanta ta hanyar mai karfi, mai kwarewa ta sana'a: har ma ya ba da takardun sakonni. 
Wurin yana da mai rikodin rikodi da mai rikodin rikodin - Pigeon Pigeon, wanda ya ci nasara fiye da 100 km cikin minti 50.
Shin kuna sani? Prince of Prussia Frederick Karl ya ba mahaifiyarsa wani tattaro da aka kawo daga Paris. Bayan shekaru 4 tsuntsaye suka yalwaci, sarrafawa don ganowa "hanya" kuma koma gida.
Na farko da na biyu na Wars
Shekaru na ashirin, duk da duk nasarar da suka samu na fasaha, bai manta game da pigeons ba: sun ci gaba da amfani dasu a lokacin Yakin Na farko da Na Biyu. 
Birnin Birtaniya, yakin duniya na. Wadannan tsuntsaye sun tsira rayukan sojoji da masu sufurin fiye da sau ɗaya, suna ba da rahotanni a lokuta inda babu wanda zai iya yin hakan. Baya ga ceton rayuka, tsuntsaye sun taimaka wajen samun nasara a yanayin da babu shakka. 
Faransanci tare da pigeons, 1914-1915 Kuna iya tunawa da labarin sananne Viti Cherevichkinacewa kowane ɗayan makarantar Soviet san. Yarinya mai shekaru goma sha biyar ya harbe shi ne domin, akasin umarnin Jamus, bai hallaka kullunsa ba, yana amfani da su don sadarwa tare da Red Army a kama Rostov. 
Alamar tunawa Cherevichkina
Shin suna amfani da su a yau?
Bayan yakin, sanannen kamfanin dillancin labaran Reuters ya yi amfani da 'yan jarida masu amfani da shi don su aika da sakonni saboda matsalolin da suka hana motar ta wuce. A Yalta, jaridar jaridar ta Kurortnaya Gazeta ta yi amfani da irin wannan hanyar sadarwa.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da mail ne kawai a lokaci-lokaci - don talla, dalilai na kasuwanci, don rike da abubuwan tunawa da abubuwan tunawa, abubuwan da suka faru na philatelic.
Akwai kungiyoyin wasanni na pigeon da suke gudanar da tarurruka, majalisu da kuma gasa - ba kawai a cikin kulob din ko gari ba, har ma a duniya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Babban muhimmancin shine wurin da pigeon zai dawo gida. Dole ne a zabi wani tayi da yake buɗewa a kowane bangare. A cikin kwarin, mutumin da ba shi da alaƙa yana ganin alamun da ba a gane ba. Bayanai marasa fahimta na wuri mai faɗi (duwatsu, manyan ravines) da kuma gandun daji na iya tsorata tsuntsu.
Girma pigeons
Kodayake ana amfani da iri-iri iri-iri, don sadarwar gidan waya, wa] ansu hu] u, sun fi sani:
- Harshen Turanci - tsuntsaye mai girma da ciwon haɓaka da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta tare da wani ƙananan kashi kashi a kusa da shi.
- Flanders (Brussels) - girman girmansa, ya fi girma fiye da wasu wakilai na ƙudan zuma, tare da cike da karfi da wuyansa, yana da fuka-fuki da ke kula da jiki.
- Antwerp - Wani nau'i, asali daga Belgium. Halin siffofi suna da ƙananan bakin wake da wuyansa.
- Luttih - mafi ƙanƙanta, duk da haka yana da kyakkyawan alamar gidan waya.
Akwai wasu nau'o'in da ke kusa da halayen su zuwa ga waɗanda aka ambata a sama, amma saboda dalilai daban-daban har yanzu suna jin dadin rashin fahimtar su kamar 'yan jarida - alal misali, pigeon dutse, ƙwararren Holland.
Karanta kuma game da nau'in pigeons: kwari, Nikolaev, rayukan pigeons (Baku, Takla, Uzbek, Agaran), nama (jinsi, kiwo).
Yaya horo yake?
Yawancin lokaci farkon horarwa ne yawo kusa da dovecote. An fara su a baya fiye da tsuntsaye daya da rabi. A wannan lokaci, mai aiki na gaba ya kamata ya yi gudu, ya rayu a kalla kwana uku a cikin kurkuku, inda zai yi horo.
Irin wadannan jiragen sama sun kai kimanin watanni 1.5, bayan haka suka ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba na horarwa: an cire tsuntsu zuwa wani nisa daga gidan yakin, yana kara da lokaci.
Shin kuna sani? An kafa rukunin farko na Rasha na wasanni na kuliya a Kiev a shekarar 1890.
A cikin shekarar farko na horo, 'yan kasuwa na gaba ba za su dauki kimanin kilomita 320 ba. A horo akwai ka'ida: don rage nesa, wanda tsuntsaye masu tashi, bazai kasance ba. In ba haka ba, halayyar tsuntsaye ya zama marar ƙarfi, raunana abin da aka haɗe a gida. 
Tare da koyarwa a nesa har zuwa 100 km Ana ba tsuntsaye rana huta. Tsakanin jiragen sama mai tsawo, tsuntsaye yana cikin kimanin awa 90. Dukkan horarwa, jiragen sama da maki daga inda aka sanya su an rubuta su.
Ayyukan da suka fi dacewa sune daga tsakiyar tsakiyar har zuwa karshen watan Satumba.
Ƙara koyo game da abun ciki na pigeons: yadda za a gina dovecote, yadda ake ciyar da pigeons (kajin).
Don fara horo, yanayi mai kyau yana da kyawawa, kuma ƙarin horon horo ya faru a kowane yanayi. Don kula da siffar kwararan pigeons, don kiyaye su a cikin siffar kirki, sau ɗaya kowace mako 4 an kaddamar da su zuwa iyakar nisan da zai yiwu, daya bayan wani, bayan wani lokaci.
Mutanen da za a zaba don halartar da za a koya musu suna zama dabam dabam, ta hanyar jinsi, har zuwa 3 dozin a cikin kwando ɗaya. Dole ne a sauke tsuntsaye cikin kwanduna don a kai su tashar karshe. Wani mummunan hali, damuwa da damuwa, ko kuma rashin jin dadi da haɗuwa da hannuwansa zai iya katse tsuntsu daga dawowa gida. Zai fi kyau a kama pigeons tare da taimakon net, bayan sun saba da shi a gaba. Amma a daren tsuntsu yana kwantar da hankalin ku ya karbi shi a hannu. 
Dole ne a dauki kumbun zuwa tashar a cikin sauri, saboda tsawon lokaci a cikin kwandon ya fadi tsuntsu kuma ya sa ta zama maras kyau. Don ɗaukar tsuntsu ya kamata wanda wanda pigeons ya san kuma basu ji tsoro ba. Gaba ɗaya, kafin jirgin da kake buƙatar haifar da yanayi mai dadi ga tsuntsaye, don haka suna da sha'awar koma gida. Saki tsuntsu a cikin jirgin horarwa ya kasance kafin tsakar rana.
Idan nisa zuwa gida yana cikin 100-150 km, 50-60 minti kafin a fara, ana ba da 'yan jariri ruwa da kuma karamin hatsi. Don fara zaɓar wuri mai kyau, an buɗe kwando da hagu. Pigeon ya tashi, ya dubi a kusa, ya sami alamar da aka sani a gare shi kadai ya fara jirgin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin ƙasa yana tasirin jirgin tsuntsu. Kwaji zai shawo kan nisan kilomita 200 a sararin samaniya fiye da kilomita 70 a kan tudu.
Mazaunan Mail suna buƙatar karin 'yanci. Sai kawai sun san abin da ke motsawa a lokacin zabar hanya. Tsuntsaye suna buƙatar suyi nazarin yankin da ke kusa da gidan, su san shi sosai a lokutan daban daban na shekara. Har ila yau, wani salon rayuwa ba ya ƙyale su su zama fatattun fat - kullun ba mai lalata ba ne, don samun karin nauyin ba shi da wani abu.
Video: horo na pigeon
Tsawancin tsawo na jirgin tattabara yana da 100-150 m. An daidaita shi sosai a wannan tsawo, kamar yadda aka yi amfani dashi don ganin abubuwa a cikin girman masu girma. Idan saboda wasu dalili kana buƙatar bunkasa ikon iya samun gida da ƙasa daga mafi tsawo, yana da daraja yin aiki a kai, in ba haka ba matsaloli zai iya faruwa a lokacin dawowa. A ƙwanƙoli na nau'i, ƙwararren kullun ya fara zuwa kimanin shekaru 3-3.5.
Gano yadda kudajin tattaba ke dubawa da boyewa.
Hero pigeons
A cikin yakin duniya na farko, an kawo adijin mai daga Amurka zuwa Faransa Sher Amiwanda ya sa yawancin tafiye-tafiye da rahotanni; a lokacin da Meuse-Argon ya yi, ta gode da ita, kusan 200 sun sami ceto. Ƙanan kurciya ya ji rauni, amma ya tashi zuwa ga makiyayarsa ba tare da ido ba, kullun, da kuma kirji. An ba ta kyautar Sojan Kasa da Mundin Zinariya na Kamfanin Amirka na Carrier Pigeons. 
Scarecrow Sher Ami Biyu pigeons, Commando da Sojan Joe, an baiwa Mary Deakin Medal a 1945-46 (kyautar mafi girma ga sojojin dabbobi, Birtaniya) domin cin nasarar soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. 
Dove G.I. Joe, an ba da Medal Deakin Medal A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, mayakan Danish karkashin kasa sun mallaki muhimman bayanai wanda za'a iya kawowa tare da taimakon pigeons. Mai aikin hoton feathered ya yi aiki tare da wannan aiki. Mercury, wanda ya karbi kyautar Deakin. 
Mercury Dove Winky An girmama shi da wani mutum na tagulla da lambar Deakin. Ta ceci 'yan ƙungiyar jirgin ruwa na Ingila da ke kwance a ƙasa, yana motsa kusan kusan dubu 5,000 a cikin kwanaki 12. 
Winky Irish Postman Paddy Satumba 1, 1944 ya karbi kyauta don labarai na sauko da Allies a Normandy. A cikin sa'o'i 4.5 na tsuntsaye ya tashi kimanin kilomita 400. Wannan babban sakamako ne. 
Pigeons Paddy da Gustav tare da lambar Maria Deakin, 1944 Sojan Darling - Wani jariri mai tsinkaye wanda ya ceci sallar Soviet, ya karya fiye da 1000 km a cikin kwanaki 2.
Mota mai laushi "48", tare da fashewar fashewar da wani rauni mai tsanani, ya aika da sako daga shinge wanda ke kewaye.
Shin kuna sani? Kwamandan kwamandan gidan waya na rundunar sojojin Faransa, Captain Reno, a ƙarshen karni na 19, an tabbatar da gwajin gwaji cewa kudaji zai iya tashi akan kilomita 3,000 a kan teku kuma ya isa gabar teku lafiya.
Video: m pigeons
Kodayake labaran pigeon ba a san shi ba ne a yanzu, kuma har yanzu yana da magoya bayansa a duk faɗin duniya. Pigeons su ne kyawawan halittu masu fuka-fukan da suka nuna wa mutum jin dadin su da kuma sadaukarwa. Dole ne mutane su tuna da wannan lokacin kuma su bi da su yadda ya dace.
