Dabba yana amfani da nau'o'in abinci, amma babban aikin ga mafi yawan manoma ba kawai kiwon lafiyar dabbobi ne kawai ba, amma har ma gagarumar riba. A saboda wannan dalili, dukkanin abincin da aka haxa da abinci mai mahimmanci, wanda yana da wasu abũbuwan amfãni, ana amfani dashi.
Mene ne, da kuma abin da za a iya raba shi zuwa abinci mai da hankali - karanta a kan.
Mene ne
Abincin gine-gizen da aka ƙaddara suna wakilta da samfurin haɗi tare da tsari mai gauraye. A cikin abun da ke ciki akwai legumes da hatsi, hatsi, da sharar gida daga masana'antu da dabbobi, waɗanda suka riga sun wuce mataki na nada da tsaftacewa.
Idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'o'in, wannan abincin yana da mafi girma abun ciki na abubuwa masu amfani, ciki har da fiber. Ana iya ciyar da bushe ko steamed tare da yankakken hay ko bambaro. Ka yi la'akari da duk abubuwan da ke cikin irin wannan ciyarwar da suka fi dacewa.
Céréal hatsi
Masara, sha'ir, alkama, hatsi, hatsin rai da wasu hatsi shine manyan kayan samar da kayan samar da wutar lantarki. Kimanin kashi 2/3 na dukan hatsin hatsi shi ne sitaci, wanda kusan kusan digestible cikin jiki.
Wani adadi mai yawa na carbohydrates mai sauƙaƙe yana tabbatar da adadin hatsi na hatsi, wanda yake cikin kewayon abinci na 0.95-1.35. raka'a a kan 1 kg. A lokaci guda kuma, sunadaran sunadarai suna da ƙananan ƙimar halitta.
Shin kuna sani? Tsarin bamboo ne na iyalin hatsi, amma idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire masu girma, shi ne ainihin gwargwado, saboda wasu daga cikin nau'o'in suna girma zuwa 3800 m!
Tsaro na legumes na takin
Idan aka kwatanta da tsaba na baya, karin furotin da lysine sun kasance a cikin legumes na ainihi (mahimmancin amino acids a alade mai gina jiki), kuma manyan wakilan wannan rukuni shine peas, waken soya da lupins, kodayake wasu lokuta akwai kayan abinci dauke da wiki, lewatsun nama, wake wake.
Pea da kyau don ciyar da aladu, domin yana dauke da 220 g na gina jiki da 15 g na lysine da kilogram. A dangane da darajar halittu, yana kusa da abincin soya da nama, wanda ya ƙunshi nauyin adadin nauyin gina jiki. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin abinci mai mahimmanci ga shanu sun haɗa da kashi 10 cikin dari na peas.
Gano abin da ke da alaka da legumes.
Soy An dauke shi da ƙyan zuma mai mahimmanci, domin ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 33 cikin 100 na albarkatun kasa - mafi yawan dukkanin jinsuna. Kasuwanci 1 kg na 21-23 g na lysine, wanda ya kawo furotin soya kusa da bangaren sinadaran dabba.
Duk da haka, kayan aikin gina jiki sun kasance a cikin waken soya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da waken soya a cikin haɗakarwa da kuma ciyarwar kayan abinci ne kawai bayan an gama su cikakke: alal misali, gurasa ko ƙaddarawa.
Idan ka shuka aladu, to, ya kamata ka kula da ciyar da babban abun ciki lupine. Wannan kyauta mai kyau ne, wanda shine mahimmanci don amfani lokacin ciyar da dabbobi zuwa dankali.
Kayan fasaha na fasaha
Bayan aiki da kayan samfurori daban-daban, mai yawa sharar gida ya kasance, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi domin ciyar da shanu da aladu. Alal misali, cake da cin abinci, sauran bayan sarrafa kayan wake, soya, auduga, flax da kirki, sun hada da kashi 31-45% na furotin danye.
Dandalin gurasa - wani abu ne mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi, don haka an gabatar da shi a cikin abincin abincin dabbun shanu a madadin ƙwayar hatsi (kusan kashi 10 cikin dari ana amfani dashi).
Gano yadda sunflower cake da abincin ya bambanta.
Daya daga cikin nau'o'in fasaha na fasaha da aka ƙera molasses - cakuda mai gina jiki mai gina jiki, wanda akwai kimanin kashi 50% na sukari da 10% na abubuwa na nitrogen (ga mafi yawan ɓangarorin da ba su da nau'in furotin). Babban taro na sukari yana taimakawa wajen ciyar da digestibility mafi kyau.
Idan za ta yiwu, zaka iya amfani da asarar giya ko yankuna, alal misali, pellet. A cikin jihar da aka bushe, wannan abu zai zama wani abu mai mahimmanci na kowane abinci mai gina jiki wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ciyar da aladu da kuma ceton hatsi.
Beet ɓangaren litattafan almara (granule)
Nau'in sarrafawa
Dukkan kayan abinci mai mahimmanci ya kamata a yi musu layi, wanda zai iya inganta halayyarsu kuma zai taimakawa wajen hulɗar mafi kyau duka tare da sauran kayan. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don irin wannan aiki, muna la'akari da mafi yawan mashahuri.
Shredding
Wannan mataki na shirye-shiryen yana da muhimmanci ga legumes da hatsi, domin kawai murkushewa ko yin niƙa zai iya rushe harsashi, don haka samar da abinci daga dabbobi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar hatsi ya fi sauƙi a haɗa tare da sauran nau'ikan gauraye na gina jiki.
Matsayin nada zai dogara ne akan shekaru da nau'in dabba ta musamman. Saboda haka, a lokacin jariri, yana da kyawawa don ciyar da calves da piglets tare da ƙwayar hatsi (ba fiye da 1 mm) ba, amma ga tsofaffi masu girma za su iya zama 1.5-2 mm. Cunkushe hatsi ba da kowane irin dabbobi, hada su da tushen amfanin gona, silage da yankakken bambaro.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da ake noma hatsi, wani ɓangare na sitaci an canza shi a cikin litattafai, don haka ya ba da hatsi a bayan da ya dace. Duk da haka, saboda ƙaddamar da sunadarai, digestibility na gina jiki da yiwuwar samun amino acid an rage kadan.
Cikakken masara
Malting
Irin wannan aiki ana amfani dashi don inganta kayan dadin dandano na hatsi (musamman sha'ir, alkama da masara), don haka dabbobi sun fi son ci abinci da aka samar. Jigon tsari ya rage zuwa tasiri a kan hatsi na yanayin zafi, tare da sakamakon cewa yaduror take cike da ƙwarewa.
Wannan shi ne manufa don ciyar da suranke piglets da weaners don fattening (amfani da hatsi malted, zaka iya maye gurbin zuwa 50% na yawan adadin abinci mai mahimmanci).
Yana da ban sha'awa don koyon yadda zaka sanya mai ciyar da aladu tare da hannunka.
A gida, irin wannan horon za a iya aiwatar da shi kawai ta hanyar sanya wani ɓangare na ƙididdiga na tsawon sa'o'i a cikin wani kofi ko wani ruwa mai tafasa (85-90 ° C). A wannan yanayin, don 1 kg na abinci ya kamata game da 1.5-2 lita na ruwa, da kuma soaked hatsi, yana da kyawawa don kullum motsawa.
Don cike da abincin abinci har tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu, an cika shi da ma'aunin 5 cm na busassun busassun cakuda. Sakamakon mafi girma na anti-tsufa an samo shi a yanayin zazzabi na + 60-65 ° C.
Malting ciyar: bidiyo
Yisti
Tare da taimakon yisti, zai yiwu a ƙara inganta karuwar gina jiki cikin kwayoyin dabbobi. A lokacin sarrafawa, ana cinye hatsi tare da furotin, wanda yana da darajar nazarin halittu (adadin ya ƙaru kusan sau biyu).
Wannan ƙunshi ya ƙunshi dukkanin muhimman kwayoyin kuma yana da kashi 90-95% jiki, wanda ya adana har zuwa 25% na abinci mai mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da wannan ƙwayar yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan lafiyar dabbobi, a lokaci guda kuma ya kara yawan karuwar su ta hanyar 15-20%.
Yi haɓaka da ka'idodi don shirya nau'in abinci na hay
Za a iya yisti yisti ta tafasa, bezoparny da hanyoyi masu tsami, amma a cikin kowane irin yisti da ruwa mai dumi, ana amfani da su, wanda aka sa hatsi.
Ciyar da yisti
Extrusion
Wannan zaɓin nau'in abinci na abinci yana dauke da mafi kyau sosai, yayin da yake taimakawa ga manyan canje-canje a cikin tsarin hatsi, canza matakan physicochemical na gina jiki, sitaci, fiber da sauran kayan gina jiki.
Jigon tsari na extrusion yana cikin tasiri na injiniya (alal misali, matsawa ko friction) a kan hatsi, wanda ya bayyana a lokacin motsi ta hanyar magungunan extruder da kuma "fashewa" lokacin da aka fitar da nau'i mai kama da na'ura (dalilin yunkuri ne na canji).
Kashewa yana ƙaruwa da ilimin halitta na legumes na sinadaran hatsi, yana lalatar da cellulose da gine-gizon sitaci, ya juya kwayoyin zuwa cikin dextrins, kara yawan adadin abubuwan gina jiki da kuma sanya su mafi sauki ga dabbobi.
Gurasar da ake sarrafawa suna da ƙanshi na gurasar burodi da kuma ɗanɗanar dandano, wanda a lokacin amfani da abinci na yau da kullum yana taimakawa wajen kara yawan amfanin gona da dabbobi, kuma, mafi girma, aladu.
Shin kuna sani? Idan kun yi imani da masu binciken ilimin kimiyya, to, alkama shine daya daga cikin al'adun da suka fi duniyar mu akan duniyarmu. A baya a 1904, a karkashin Ashgabat, an samo hatsi, wanda a wancan lokacin, bisa la'akari na farko, kusan kimanin shekaru 5 ne.
Ciyar da ducks extruded ciyar: bidiyo
Ƙararrawa
Wannan tsari ya haɗa da kumburi na hatsi tare da daidaitattun ladabi, bushewa da canza tsarin sitaci. Zai yiwu a cimma irin wannan sakamakon ta dumama a cikin tanda infrared zuwa + 100 ... +120 ° C na 20-40 seconds.
A sakamakon yaduwa zuwa yanayin zafi, furotin ya lalace kuma tsarin gyaran carbohydrates, wanda sakamakon haka yana da sakamako mai tasiri akan dabbobi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙinƙasawa yana iya rage yawan microorganisms by factor of 5-6, kuma idan an ƙarar da magani zuwa 45 seconds, to, proteolytic kwayoyin za su ɓace.
Wato, duk mayar da hankali abinci kusan gaba daya rabu da mu granary karin kwari.
Koyi yadda za a magance barn carnet.
Microloned Cornflakes
Gudanar da abinci
Ba duk abinci mai mahimmanci ba dace da kiwon kaji, aladu ko shanu, saboda haka kafin sayen wani abun da ke ciki, zai zama da amfani don sanin kanka da bukatun kowane ɗayan ɗayan dabbobi.
Ga tsuntsaye
Ganye shine babban bangaren duk wani abincin da ake ci gaba, amma rabonsa zai iya zama daban-daban. Za a iya lissafin ciyarwar bisa ga waɗannan bayanai masu zuwa:
Don kaji mafi kyau shi ne rabo daga kayan aikin:
- masara - 50% na duka taro na abinci;
- alkama - 15-20%;
- cake ko ci abinci - game da 20%;
- kayan mai da kuma alli - sauran 10%.
Yana da muhimmanci! A mafi yawancin, dukkanin abubuwan da ake bukata don dabbobi (alal misali, zinc ko manganese) suna cikin hatsi, yayin da babban tushen bitamin yake boye a cikin wake.
Ciyar da hens
Don ducks Waɗannan dabi'u masu kyau sune mafi kyau:
- masara - 50%;
- milled ko hatsi alkama - 20%;
- hatsi ko sha'ir - kimanin 15%;
- Peas - 10%;
- bran, cake ko yisti - ba fiye da 5% ba.
Koyi fasali na ciyar da ducks a gida.
Idan kuna girma geese Zai fi kyau a mayar da hankalin waɗannan lambobin:
- masara - babu fiye da 20%;
- alkama - 15%;
- sha'ir - 20%;
- oats - 25%;
- alkama bran - 19%;
- gishiri - 1%.
Samun sanin abin da ke da kyau na goslings daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa.
Don turkeys an rarraba kayan abinci mai mahimmanci kamar haka:
- masara - 35%;
- sha'ir - 35%;
- gari (kayan lambu ko dabba) - 15%;
- alkama - 10%;
- sunflower ci abinci - 3%;
- Kamfanin katako - 2%.
Koyi yadda za a shuka turkeys turkeys a gida.Wasu lokuta yana yiwuwa a rabu da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun, amma a mafi yawancin lokuta kowane nau'i na dabbobin gida zasu karbi abinci a daidai wannan rabo na kayan abinci.
Ciyar da turkeys
Ga shanu
Yin amfani da abinci mai mahimmanci ga shanu na kiwo zai iya ƙaruwa yawan adadin madara da nauyin abincin sinadirai, kuma kada a ambaci yawan abincin nama mafi girma.
Kayan da aka yi da wake yana da sakamako mai kyau, inda yawancin sunadaran sun ƙunshi, kuma 20-30% (a cikin wani lokaci mai jinkirin) kuma har zuwa 60% na shanu da yawan amfanin gona na madara mai yawanci suna dauke su ne na al'ada.
Koyi yadda za a yi shanu mai kyau.
Ana iya amfani da cereals biyu bushe da kuma a cikin wata mushy, bayan hadawa tare da ruwa. Sauran wurare a cikin maida hankali na iya shagaltar da waken soya, alfalfa, sha'ir da hatsi.
Ga aladu
Dangane da abin da ke da mahimmanci na musamman (musamman ma sun kasance sunadarai da sitaci), yin amfani da su yana da kyau a yayin da ake kiwon aladu wanda nama ya zama mai taushi da dadi.
Zuwa kashi 70 cikin 100 na hatsi za a iya haɗa su a cikin abincin waɗannan dabbobi ta hanyar gwada su tare da wasu abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin wannan rabo:
- sha'ir - 40%;
- alkama - 30%;
- oats - 10%;
- masara - 10%;
- Peas - 10%;
- gishiri - teaspoon;
- alli da bitamin - a hankali na mai shi.
Koyi duka game da ciyar da aladu: yadda za'a sa mafi kyawun abinci da zabi fasaha mai kyau.
Kafin ka ba irin wannan cakuda aladu, hatsi, yana da kyawawa don kara da kyau kuma sai kawai ka kara musu sauran kayan. Bayan shawo kan mash a cikin ruwan zãfi, an ba shi dashi na tsawon sa'o'i 12 kafin yin hidima.
Abincin na gina jiki a yanayin aladu shine kimanin 90%, don haka idan kana so ka inganta ingancin kitsen, zaka iya amfani da hatsin carbohydrate, ƙara su zuwa legumes na karin nama mai laushi. Rashin raunin lysine da wasu amino acid a cikin abinci mai mahimmanci za'a iya cika su tare da nama da kashi kashi da kuma samar da abincin nama wanda aka haxa da babban abinci.
Ga awaki
Ba kamar dabbobin shanu, aladu da kiwon kaji, awaki ba sau da yawa suna buƙatar firamare, wanda ke nufin cewa ana amfani da kayan abinci iri iri ne a matsayin ƙari, suna daidaita matakan abinci a jikinsu. Mafi yawan adadin hatsi a wannan yanayin ya kamata ba fiye da kashi 30% ba, in ba haka ba akwai yiwuwar matsaloli tare da tsarin gastrointestinal dabbobi da kuma kiba.
A lokacin da ciyar da awaki a cikin abincin su sukan hada da hatsi, abinci, sha'ir, masara, mancake da bran, yayin da awaki awaki suna ciyar da alfalfa hay.
Bincika matakai da shawarwari don farawa awaki, dokoki don kiyayewa da kuma ciyar da awaki.
Za a iya haxa abinci mai mahimmanci tare da gaurayewar abinci, tun da ƙwayar busassun ba ta da sha'awa ga dabbobi a matsayin mash.
Da halatta abun da ke ciki na mayar da hankali abinci don awaki ne kamar haka:
- hatsi - 30%;
- oatmeal - 20%;
- bran (zai fi dacewa alkama) - 22%;
- ƙasa alkama - 9%;
- sunflower ci abinci - 10%;
- yisti - 5%;
- premixes - 3%;
- gishiri - 1%.
Kafin ciyar da dabba, dukkanin kayan ya kamata a haxa shi da kyau kuma ace a cikin ruwan zãfin kusan kimanin sa'o'i 12.
Shin kuna sani? Gudun Goat yana jin dadin jiki ta jiki fiye da madarar nono, saboda haka an bada shawara ga mutanen da ke fama da rashin haƙuri ga karshen. Duk da haka, kusan 2/3 na al'ummar zamani ba su taɓa gwada wannan samfurin ba.
Ga tumaki
Tsarin kwayoyin dabbobi a hanyoyi da yawa suna kama da wuri da halaye na gabobin cikin jikin kullun, don haka kada kayi amfani da abinci mai mahimmanci. A wannan yanayin, nauyin da aka ba su shine kimanin 200 g kowace mace da 700 g kowace namiji a kowace rana, kuma don cimma daidaitattun furotin, fiber da carbohydrates, zaka iya haxa masara, legumes da mancake.
Tumaki da yawa sun fi dacewa da masara, duk da cewa rarraba rarraba kayan ba zai zama mai gina jiki ba:
- oats - 26%;
- sha'ir - 25%;
- alkama bran - 23%;
- sunflower ci abinci - 13%;
- yisti - 8%;
- phosphate defluorinated - 3%;
- premixes - 1%;
- gishiri - 1%.
Koyi yadda zaka ciyar da tumaki a gida.
Wadannan abubuwa zasu iya maye gurbin wasu, babban abu shi ne cewa sun kasance daidai a cikin abubuwan da aka gyara. Saboda haka, madadin mafi dace shine masara, wake, cake.
Ga dawakai
Daga cikin dukkan abubuwan da suke da hankali, wadannan dabbobi sun fi son hatsi, a kowane nau'i: hay, hatsi, abinci, ko mancake. Horses kuma ba za su daina sha'ir da alkama, wanda, ba kamar ƙura ba, dole ne a haɗa shi tare da abinci mai gurasa.
Ana buƙatar adadin hatsi akan aikin jiki da salon rayuwar dabba: shayarwa da sha'ir don inganta samar da makamashi a ko'ina cikin yini, hatsin rai da sha'ir zai zama kyakkyawan kariyar kayan abinci da sauran kayan, kuma alkama zai dace idan kana buƙatar samun nauyi.
Dole ne doki ya karbi kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari na kwararan rana kowace rana, amma waɗannan dabi'un suna da tsattsauran nau'i: mai yawa ya dogara ne akan rukunin rayuwar kowane dabba. Idan babu inganci, kashi 20% na abinci mai mahimmanci ya isa, tare da aikin haske (alal misali, gajeren hawa) - 30%, tare da kaya da dressage - 40%, tare da aiki na matsakaici - 50%, tare da aiki mai wuyar gaske - 60%, tare da gudun gudu ko tsalle races - 70% na adadin abinci.
Yana da muhimmanci! Особенностью выдачи кормов при кормлении лошадей является необходимость их дробления, поскольку цельные составляющие плохо усваиваются желудком лошадей. Рожь или ячмень желательно запаривать в воде до их разбухания, чтобы исключить возможность появления колик у животных.
A matsayin abin da za a yarda, ana iya shirya dawakai tare da gurasar gina jiki, tare da hada gurasa mai yalwaci tare da yisti mai yisti da kuma yayyafa shi da ruwan zãfi. Dole ne a ba da sanyaya ta gaba daya a cikin ruwan magani.
Karanta dokoki na kiwo a gida.
Kamar yadda kake gani, abinci mai mahimmanci zai iya zama babban mataimaki ga manomi lokacin ciyar da kowace irin dabba ta gida. Abu mafi muhimmanci shine tunawa shine buƙatun kowane dabba zuwa lambar wasu takamarorin, kuma ƙididdiga na sama za su iya tunatar da ku game da wannan.
