Blackberries iri "Himalayas": bayanin irin halaye na kula da haifuwa

Domin shekaru da dama a cikin yankunanmu, blackberry wanda ba a yarda ya kasance a cikin inuwar mafi kusa da kuma mashahuriyar dangi - raspberries. Duk da haka, a Amurka, an bai wa Berry wannan hanzari, saboda sun iya kawo yawancin iri-iri. Sai kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sha'awar baƙar fata ta fara girma a kasarmu, sabili da haka masu lambu suna sayen iri da halaye masu kyau don girma. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne Himalaya blackberry iri-iri.

Bayani

Blackberry ne mai tsaka-tsaki daga gidan Rosaceae.

Har ila yau, iyalin Rosaceae sun hada da tsire-tsire irin su spirea, graviatat, kerriya, da Norwegian silverweed.

Yana girma zuwa 1-1.5 m Wannan iri-iri ne sosai da wuri, high-yawan amfanin ƙasa, manyan-fruited. Daji yana halin matsakaici na matsakaici, ƙananan ƙwararriya (har zuwa 1 cm), rassan sun rataye.

A lokacin lokacin flowering - daga farkon Mayu zuwa ƙarshen rani - an rufe shi da manyan furanni masu lalata, shi ne mai kyau zuma. Yana da tsayi mai tsawo na berries, saboda girbi yana faruwa a yawancin ziyara.

Ana nuna bambancin nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'ikan ta waɗannan halaye: manyan, na yau da kullum, mai launin baki ko ja-baki a launi da mai launi, tare da ƙanshi mai dadi da dandano mai dadi.

A dafa abinci da magani za a iya amfani da su ba kawai berries ba, amma har da ganyen shuka. Yawan amfanin ƙasa har zuwa 8 kg, bisa ga dukkan ka'idojin fasaha.

Shin kuna sani? A al'adu da yawa, blackBerry alama ce ta kariya daga tashe-tashen hankula da matsala, a cikin labarun kiristanci an gano shi da tsarki na Virgin Mary. Duk da haka, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna fassara wannan tsire-tsire daban-daban: yin la'akari da, karɓar ko ci blackberries a cikin mafarki yana nufin samun matsalolin lafiya, kasawa da hasara a nan gaba.

Abũbuwan amfãni da disadvantages na iri-iri

Babban amfani na wannan iri-iri:

• kulawa mara kyau, ba ya bukatar kulawa ta musamman a lokacin rani;
• Hardy;
• cuta resistant;
• iri-iri iri-iri;
• high-samar da gwaggwabar riba;
• yana da ka'idoji na farko na ripening da kuma tsawon lokaci na fructification;
• yanayin dandano mai girma.

Rashin haɓaka za a iya kira mai bukata na ƙasa. Sai kawai a cikin ƙasa mai kyau, ƙasa mai haske tare da mai kyau mai tsabta zai iya shuka shuka mai girma.

Bincika abubuwan amfani da rashin amfani da irin wannan blackberry a matsayin "Tornfrey", "Giant".

Samar da tsaba na BlackBerry

Lokacin da dasa shuki a blackberry, yana da muhimmanci a zabi shafin, dasa kayan abu daidai kuma daidai da aikin dasawa kanta.

Yadda za a zabi seedlings

Idan ka yanke shawarar girma blackberries a kan mãkirci, kana bukatar ka fara da selection of seedlings.

Akwai wasu dokoki waɗanda suke buƙatar ku saya kayan lambu, saboda yawan rayuwa da yawancin shuka zasu fi dogara da ingancinta:

1. Yawan skeletal Tushen - akalla 2-3 guda.
2. Ɗaya daga cikin mafita.
3. Rashin ganye a kan kara.
4. Tsawon sassa na iska - daga 40 cm.
5. Tsawon tushen ɓangaren - daga 15 cm kuma mafi.
6. Age na seedlings - 1-2 shekaru.

Ya kamata ku bincikar da tsire-tsire a hankali: dole ne su kasance masu karfi da lafiya, ba su dame su ba, ba tare da alamun lalacewa, stains, yankuna ba, ba tare da alamun cutar da ciwon kwayoyin cutar ba.

Yana da kyau a saya kayan dasa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi da gonaki, inda ingancin kwarewa ke gudanar da ingancin seedlings.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don bincika ingancin dasa kayan, kana buƙatar ɗaukar haushi a hankali. Ya kamata yakamata ya zama gishiri, m, lafiya. Idan duhu, itace mai bushe za a iya gani a karkashin haushi, saya irin wannan seedling ya kamata a watsi.

Girma da shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Wannan iri-iri yana nuna yawan karuwar da ake bukata akan ƙasa da wuri na girma.

Wuri don saukowa dole ne ya dace da halaye masu zuwa:

1. Ya kamata ya haskaka da rana, amma haske haske inuwa ya dace. Ba za ku iya dasa shrubs ba a cikin manyan shaded places, domin jira don girbi mai kyau a cikin wannan yanayin ba zai aiki ba. Rashin hasken rana yana haifar da tayar da harbe, rage berries da lalacewar dandano, don rage yawancin daji.
2. Ya kamata a dogara da shafin daga iskar hunturu.
3. Ba shi yiwuwa a zabi yankuna da sauran yankunan da hazo da kuma narke ruwa don saukowa. Ƙasa ba ta kasance da rigar ba. Ramin zurfin ruwan ƙasa ya zama akalla mita daya da rabi.
4. Zai zama mafi kyau ga zaɓin wurare tare da m, ƙasa mai laushi da mai kyau magudanai kuma a lokaci guda mai dadi mai karfi. Yawancin ƙasa zai zama tsaka tsaki ko kadan acidic (pH 6-6.6). Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa blackberry akan carbonate, yashi kasa.
5. Lokacin da dasa shuki bushes a kusa da shinge ko bangon, dole ne a koma baya da m 1 m don tabbatar da ci gaban al'ada, da kuma sauƙaƙe kulawa da girbi.

Mafi kyau shuka wani blackberry a wannan aji a Afrilu kafin warming. Har ila yau masu sana'a suna ba da damar dasa shuki a ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin shuka zai dogara da yankin: a yankunan kudancin, inda hadarin hunturu daskarewa na dan kadan ne, ana iya shuka bishiyoyi a cikin fall kafin hunturu da kuma bazara.

A wasu yankuna arewacin, ciki har da tsakiyar tsakiya, yana da kyawawa don gudanar da dasa shuki a cikin bazara.

Idan ka shuka blackberry a cikin bazara, dole ne a shirya kasar gona a cikin kaka. Na farko, dole ne a haƙa zuwa zurfin 30-50 cm, tsabtace na sharan gona na tushen, weeds. Kuna buƙatar yin taki daga wannan lissafin: 1 sq. M. 10 kg na humus, 100 g na superphosphate da kuma 50 g da potassium da dauke da takin mai magani ana buƙatar.

Don ƙasa mai tsabta, kuna buƙatar ƙara ƙaramin adadin peat da yashi.

Yadda za a shuka blackberry

Shuka wannan iri-iri ne mafi kyawun hanya. Tsarin aikin dasa shi ne kamar haka: nisa tsakanin layuka yana kusa da 2.5 m, nisa tsakanin bishiyoyi a jere guda ɗaya shine 1.5-2 m Idan ya yiwu, yana da kyawawa don daidaita matsayi daga arewa zuwa kudu.

Gano yadda za a shuka blackberries a cikin fall.

Ka tuna cewa girbi ya dangana ne a kan abincin abinci mai gina jiki, domin yana da kyau don rage raguwa tsakanin bushes kawai a karkashin yanayin aikin gona. A gida, lokacin da mai son girma ƙananan ƙananan bishiyoyi don rage nesa kada ta kasance.

Bayan zabar wani wuri don blackberry, kana buƙatar bi wannan mataki-by-mataki hanya don dasa shuki seedlings:

1. Shirya kuma shigar da layi. Za a iya sanya shi daga tasoshin katako ko ƙananan ƙarfe. Sun sauka zuwa 50-70 cm a gefuna na jere. A fili a kan goyan bayan, ana amfani da waya a wani tsawo na 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm da 200 cm.
2. Gwada ramuka. Ramin na tare mahara ne 30-45 cm.
3. Dole ne a hade ƙasa mai yayyafa da takin gargajiya a cikin kudi na: a kan 1 sq. m. ƙara 0.5 st. ash, 100 g na superphosphate, 25 g na potassium sulfate, kadan Organic (har zuwa 5 kg).
4. A cikin tsire-tsire, kana buƙatar ka yanke dan asalin lafiya, da kuma busassun ya kamata a cire su duka, idan akwai.
5. Rufe ƙasa a 1/3, sa 10-15 cm na humus, zuba da alheri. Lokacin da ake shayar da danshi, kana buƙatar ka rabu da sapling kuma ka yayyafa da ƙasa. Dalili na tushe ya kamata ya zama kusan 2 cm - babu, ba ƙasa (a cikin farko, ba ya karya, kuma a karo na biyu zai iya bushe ko ya bushe). Sa'an nan kuma ƙasa tana da kyau sosai kuma an shayar da shi sosai. Ayyukan da ake amfani da su a ƙarshe sune tsaunuka da mulching (zaka iya amfani da bambaro, peat, sawdust ko humus).

Yana da muhimmanci! Wani kuskure na yau da kullum shi ne dasa shuki na farko blackberry, sa'an nan kuma shigar da prop. Dole ne a yi aiki da akasin haka - farko gina trellis ga bushes, sa'an nan kuma shuka shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne saboda girman ci gaba da ƙwayar blackberry.

Kula

Bayan dasa, shuki zasu buƙaci kulawa mai kyau domin su iya farantawa da girbi mai ban sha'awa da dadi.

Watering

BlackBerry, ciki har da iri-iri, shi ne amfanin gona na fari, kamar yadda ya samo asali, tushen tushen tushen da kuma karamin harbe wanda ya haifar da inuwa a asalinsu. Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu ba don hana bushewa da hardening na coma.

Watering da bushes ya zama dole bisa yanayin zazzabi da yanayi. A kwanakin zafi, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar karin ruwa, amma ba zai yiwu a rufe shi ba kuma dasa shuki a karkashin bushes.

Na farko 1.5-2 watanni bayan dasa shuki da seedlings bukatar samar da mako-mako watering da maraice. Na gaba, kana bukatar ka moisten kasar gona a lokacin flowering da ripening na berries. Don watering, kare da kuma dumi ruwa a rana.

Taki da miya

Yalwar da yawancin hadi ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: amfanin gona, ƙwaya da yawan yawan bishiyoyi, da ake son yawancin shuka. Kamar kowane shuka shuka, blackberries na bukatar ma'adanai na asali: nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc da jan karfe.

Lokacin da takin amfanin gona ya zama dole ya bi wannan doka: an gabatar da abubuwa nitrogenous a cikin bazara, an gabatar da shirye-shirye na potassium da phosphorus a cikin kaka.

Don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai tsaka, dole ne a gudanar da takin gargajiya bayan shekaru 2-3 daga dasa shuki bushes: ɗayan shuka zai buƙaci har zuwa kilo 7 na humus, 40 g na nitrate, 100 g na superphosphate da 30 g na potassium. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a tushen. Humus za'a iya maye gurbin nitrophosphate.

Girbi

Na farko girbi bayan dasa za a iya tattara kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu, tun da wannan shuka bears 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan whips na baya shekara. Yawan itatuwan Himalaya sun fara farawa a cikin watan Yuli, tsawon lokacin yana da wasu watanni, saboda haka kuna buƙatar karban berries sau da yawa.

Shin kuna sani? A Ingila, akwai gaskanta cewa bayan Oktoba 11, ba zai yiwu a tara blackberries ba, domin Iblis kansa ya fara farautar su, kuma wanda ya ci 'ya'yan itatuwa zai lalata.

• Mafi kyaun lokacin girbi shi ne safe. Yanayin ya kamata ya bushe da bushe (a lokacin ruwan sama, berries zai iya samun dandano mai dadi kuma ya fi kyau adana).
• Tsayar da kayan buƙatar ruwa tare da tushe.
• Rana ba dole ba fada a kan tsirrai berries.A lokacin tafiyar da harkokin sufuri, yi ƙoƙarin rage girman girgiza don kiyaye berries.
• Red da m berries ne mafi kyau bar zuwa girma zuwa rassan, kana buƙatar tattara kawai cikakke berries tare da launi baki.
• Ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba game da kayan aiki: Yana da kyau a sa tufafi da hannayen hannu, kafafu da kayan ado.

A cikin firiji a zafin jiki na + 4 ... +8 ° C, ana iya adana Berry don kimanin kwanaki 4, yayin da ya kamata ku bi wasu dokoki: kada ku wanke blackberry, ku shimfiɗa bakin ciki a kan tire ko a cikin akwati.

A zafin jiki dan kadan sama da 0 ° C, Berry baya rasa dukiyarsa a cikin makon. Lokacin da aka adana a cikin injin daskarewa ko dried berries, zaka iya sake yin shekara guda.

Pruning da kuma shirya daji

Yana da muhimmanci a kai a kai datsa blackberries a cikin kaka da kuma bazara. Godiya ga wannan hanya, injin ba ya lalata iko a kan ciyar da lakaran da ba a taɓa ba, kuma ba, ba su haifar da shading ba ga matasa harbe. Kuma pruned matasa harbe ta da a kaikaice Branching da girma na 'ya'yan itace twigs.

Koyi yadda za a haɓaka blackberry da kyau da kuma samar da wata daji, da kuma yadda za a gyara da blackberry a cikin fall.

Ana yin aikin farko na pruning a cikin shuki biyu, sa'an nan maimaita a kowace shekara. A cikin kaka, ana yin pruning nan da nan bayan karshen fruiting. Ana fitar da furen rani kafin a bayyana kodan. Kuna buƙatar cire shekaru biyu da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka, ƙananan rassan da raunana.

Dole ne a yanke kasusuwa ta kasa a ƙasa, ba tare da yin tsutsa ba, kuma ya kamata a rage kananan yara ta hanyar 1/4. Wajibi ne don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyuka tare da taimakon mai amfani, amfani da safofin hannu.

Yana da mahimmanci don samar da wata shuka. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da goyan baya ko shuka shuka a bangarori biyu na jere: jagoran tsofaffin harbe a gefe daya kuma barin sauran gefen yara.

Yana da muhimmanci! Furewa harbe sukan bukaci rabu da su.

Kiwo

Yawan iri-iri blackberry Himalaya yana da hanyoyi iri iri:

• Ganyayyaki na Green. Wannan hanya ce mai sauƙi da tasiri. Don haifuwa, kana bukatar ka zabi shekara-shekara harbe game da 15 cm tsawo tare da 2-3 buds. Ana sanya su a cikin akwati tare da ruwa don suyi amfani da koda tare da ruwa. Kula da buƙatar da ake buƙata a dakin da zafin jiki, a cikin wuri mai daɗaɗɗa, kula da yawan ruwan lada da kuma, idan ya cancanta, ƙara ruwa. Bayan makonni biyu, lokacin da toho ya fara farawa, wannan ɓangaren shoot ya kamata a raba shi sosai kuma a dasa shi a cikin karamin akwati da ƙasa don seedlings. An dasa a cikin bazara.

• Shirya (a kwance da apical). Hanyar yana daya daga cikin mafi dacewa saboda wannan nau'in. Daga shekara ta biyu na Yuli zuwa shekara ta biyu na watan Agustan, ya wajaba a sauke reshe a cikin ƙasa mai laushi zuwa zurfin kimanin 15 cm, yana da kyau a ciyawa. Yanke shi daga shuka ba lallai ba ne. A shekara mai zuwa, ɗakunan zasu dauki tushe kuma su zama shuka mai shirye don dasa.

Yadda za'a shirya bushes don hunturu

Duk da jurewar sanyi da masu shayarwa ke bayarwa, wannan nau'in yana bukatar yanayin hunturu, musamman a yankin tsakiya da arewacin yankuna tare da tsauraran sanyi. A matsayin tsari, za ka iya amfani da laptnik - ƙananan matashi don ƙuƙuwa a ƙasa kuma ka rufe da rassan coniferous.

Maimakon juyayi ya dace da kowane abu da aka saya don tsari. Top bushes zai fi dacewa yafa masa dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan tsari mai sauƙi na shirya bushes domin hunturu an kammala.

Wannan nau'in blackBerry ne mai kyau zabi don bincika shuka kuma yayi girma akan shafinku. Bugu da ƙari, iri-iri yana nuna jimiri, rashin kulawa da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kuma dandano mai ban sha'awa da abubuwan da ke amfani da su na amfani da kayan lambu sun sanya shi manufa mafi girma don girma.