Jan kabeji: mafi kyawun iri da shawarwari don kulawa

Ja kabeji ja da kusanci ne "dangi" ga duk sanannun farin kabeji. Bayan banbancin inuwa na ganyayyaki, akwai ƙarin bambance-bambance tsakanin su, amma fasahar aikin gona ba ta kusan rasa komai. Kula ba shi da wahala fiye da na kabeji na yau da kullun, babu abin da allahntaka daga lambu ke buƙata. Kwanan nan, nau'ikan iri da iri da ke hade da kiwo sun bayyana, ba da takamaiman dandano mai ɗaci, wanda har a lokacin ya hana al'adar samun shahararrun jama'a.

Menene ja kabeji yayi kama da yadda yake da amfani

Dangane da bayanin Botanical, jan kabeji kusan babu bambanci da fararen kabeji da aka saba. Inuwa mara ganuwa ta ganyayyaki ita ce sanadiyyar kasancewar anthocyanins. Zai iya bambanta daga shunayya zuwa ja-violet da shudi-lilac. Irin nau'in ƙasa kuma yana shafar shi. A cikin ƙasa acidic ganye ganye juya ja, a cikin alkaline ƙasa sun juya shuɗi. Anthocyanins suna ba da kabeji ja takamaiman tsibiri mai zafin rai-wacce ba kowa take so ba. Amma mafi yawancin nau'ikan zamani da kuma nau'ikan halittu masu shayarwa ta hanyar shayarwa sun rasa wannan fasalin mara kyau.

Kasarmu ta dade da sanin wannan al'ada. Farkon ambaton jan kabeji an samo shi a ƙarshen karni na 18. Kasancewarta ta tarihi itace Bahar Rum. Wannan kabeji ya zama ruwan dare musamman a Turkiyya, Girka, Tunisiya, Algeria.

A cikin shahararrun tsakanin gardenersan lambu Russia, jan kabeji ya fi ƙasa da farin kabeji

Matsakaicin nauyin kai na kabeji ya bambanta daga 1-1.2 kg zuwa 3.5-4 kg. Ya dogara da iri-iri. A siffar, za su iya zama kusan zagaye kuma zazzage, 'yan gida ba su da ƙarancin gama gari. A tushe na shuka sosai gajere, shugabannin kabeji kusan suna kwance a ƙasa. Tushen tushen yana da ƙarfi, haɓaka. Saboda wannan, kabeji ja yana haƙuri da fari kuma da wuya ya bar kibiya.

Lokacin ciyayi na ja kabeji yana da tsawo, galibi yakan kasance a gonar har sai sanyi

Iceabi'a tana nuna cewa ja kabeji ya fi farin kabeji yawanci, ba wuya fuskantar wahala daga cututtuka da kwari, kuma suna daɗaɗa kawunan kabeji. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don haɓaka al'adu shine 16-18ºС. Seedlingsanyan da aka dasa shuki a cikin lambu na iya sa ya sauke zuwa -4-6 ° C, tsirrai masu girma - zuwa -6-8 ° C.

Jawabin kabeji ja masu dumbin yawa

Ganyen ba m, don haka ja kabeji bai dace da pickling. Launi na jita-jita a lokacin kulawa da zafi takamaiman ne, a ƙari, wani muhimmin sashi na fa'idodin da ke cikin tsari ya ɓace. Amma a cikin salads, wannan kabeji yana da kyau qwarai. Hakanan za'a iya gasa shi da gishiri. Kuma idan kun shirya kwanon abinci don tasa mai nama, abinci mai nauyi yana da kyau kuma yana sauri da sauri.

A Rasha, ba a daɗe da jan kabeji, amma a Turai an daɗe ana godiya

Ana yin girbi yawanci makonni 2-3 bayan kabeji. Amma akwai wasu wasu kebantattun abubuwa - nau'ikan shayarwa daga masu shayarwa wanda ake yin kawuna cikin kwanaki 100 ko ƙasa da haka. Hakanan, ana jin daɗin wannan kabeji don ɗaukar hoto da kuma kiyaye ingancinsa. Kusan duk wani nau'ikansa saboda yawan shugabannin kabeji an adana shi ba mafi muni fiye da nau'in farin kabeji na baya da aka tsara musamman don wannan dalili. A cikin cellar, ginin ƙasa, wani wuri mai duhu wanda yake da iska mai kyau, zafi 80% kuma a sama, zazzabi 0-4ºС, yana iya kwance duk lokacin sanyi ba tare da rasa damar bayyanar, ɗanɗano da fa'ida ba.

Ja kabeji yana da matukar amfani ga lafiyar:

• Vitamin C a ciki ya ninka na fari sau biyu. Hakanan zaka iya lura da kasancewar bitamin na rukuni B, A, K, E, PP, U, iron, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, magnesium, selenium, jan ƙarfe;
• anthocyanins wanda ke shafar launi na ganye yana ƙarfafa ganuwar jijiyoyin jini, dawo da nutsuwa gare su, rage haɗarin wahala daga bugun zuciya da bugun jini;
• magungunan maras tabbas suna da sakamako mai lalacewa da ƙwayar cuta;
• glucosinolates sune magungunan anticarcinogens na halitta. Zasu iya shafar rarraba sel marasa tsari. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa tare da yin amfani da wannan kayan lambu na yau da kullun, hadarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar nono a cikin mata ya ragu.
• jan kabeji yana da wadatar sunadarai (yana da kyau maye gurbin nama ga masu cin ganyayyaki) da amino acid. Waɗannan abubuwa suna da mahimmanci don aiki na al'ada na glandar thyroid, ƙodan, da hanta. Ba tare da lactic acid ba, aikin da ya dace na tsokoki, zuciya da kwakwalwa ba shi yiwuwa;
• zare yana taimakawa tsarkake hanji na gubobi da gubobi, daidaita microflora ta;
• jan kabeji ba ya nasara da sitaci. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a iya cinye kayan lambu ko da a gaban ciwon sukari na kowane nau'in kuma ana iya haɗa shi cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin abincin don waɗanda suke so su rasa nauyi. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori shine kawai 25-26 kcal ga 100 g;
• da amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace wannan kabeji. Saboda warkarwarsa da warkarwarsa, ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan ciki, ƙonewa da cututtukan hanji, da kuma cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ciwon mara, ciwon koda. Kuma idan kun ƙara zuma, ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana taimakawa tare da asma, tarin fuka, mashako. Tare da amfani na yau da kullun, enamel na hakori da farantin ƙusa yana da ƙarfi, haɓaka da sautin fata suna haɓaka, gashi yana da laushi kuma ba zai yiwu ya fashe ba Tsarin ruwan 'ya'yan itace yau da kullun ba gilashi bane. Ana iya haɗe shi da karas, amma ba za a iya ɗanɗana shi a tace shi ba.

Ruwan kabeji ja yana da kyau sosai ga lafiya, ana amfani da shi azaman na yau da kullun

Tun zamanin da, an san jan kabeji da ke magance tasirin giya a jiki, yana taimakawa wajen sa ido cikin tunani. An yi amfani da wannan kayan aikin a cikin Daular Rome. Ya isa a sha rabin gilashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace kafin idi ko cin wani salatin. Guda iri ɗaya ta rage ko ta kawar da abin da za a yi kwana da safiyar gobe.

Kabeji mai ja da ruwan ɗumi ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana taimakawa wajen rage tasirin giya

Akwai contraindications. Tare da yawan wuce kima, jan kabeji na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da ciki, wanda baya iya hanzarta narke ɗimbin fiber. Wannan yana haifar da ɓarna, ɓarna. Haɓaka ƙarancin aidin shima zai yuwu - jan kabeji yana tsokane ɗaukar wannan abun da jikinshi yayi yawa. Wannan kayan lambu an haramta shi sosai a cikin pancreatitis, enterocolitis, sauran cututtuka na ciki, hanji da kodan a cikin babban yanayin.

Masana ilimin abinci sun ba da shawarar gami da jan kabeji a cikin abincin ga duk wanda ke rayuwa cikin yanayin muhalli. Hakanan yana taimaka wa jiki rage tasirin hayakin haya da kuma rage mummunan tasirin ultraviolet da radadin lantarki a kansa.

Bidiyo: amfanin jan kabeji

Yawancin nau'ikan

Ja kabeji ba kamar shahara da shayarwa kamar farin kabeji, amma har yanzu akwai wasu varietiesan iri da kuma irinsu waɗanda suka sha bamban da inuwa na ganye, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kuma nau'in shugabannin kabeji. Tsarin sanyi na yawancinsu yana ba ku damar shuka kabeji ja ba kawai a tsakiyar Rasha ba, har ma a cikin Urals da Siberiya. Shugaban kabeji gudanar da tsari, duk da tsawon lokacin da ciyayi.

Mafi mashahuri iri:

• Mikhnevskaya. Daban-daban an bred a cikin ƙarshen 60s na karni na karshe. Dankon ba dadi ba ne, amma ba fice ba. Tana da kyakkyawan kariya daga cututtukan fungal, da wuya 'yan kwari masu cutarwa ke kai mata hari;
• Mars MS. Bambancin zaɓi na Czech. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 105-110. Darajoji don yawan amfanin ƙasa. Gashin kai mai nauyin 1.3-1.5 kilogiram ba ya fasa. The yawa ne matsakaici. A waje, shugabannin kabeji baƙar fata-farar fata, masu wuta da yawa akan yanke. Kabeji da wannan iri-iri ne aka yi niyya don sabo ne;
• Kimanin F1. Matasan farko daga Netherlands. An bambanta shi da ɗanɗano (ba mai ɗaci ba) da bayyanar bayyanar. Soket ɗin ya yi karami, ganye suna ƙanana, leɓen-tawada, kusan baki, an rufe shi da wani shuɗi mai ruwan shuɗi. Shugaban kabeji kusan zagaye yake, mai yawa, mai girma, mai nauyin kilogram 3-4, kuma kar a fasa. A matasan yana ba da amfanin gona mai yawa, koda kuwa lokacin da ake yakar ciyawar;
• Romanov F1. A inji shi ne quite m. Gashin kai yana da sihiri, mai yawa, yayi nauyi na kimanin kilogiram 1.5-2. Ganyen suna da ja sosai tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Rayuwar shelf yana da ƙananan - watanni 2-3;
• Kyoto F1. Hybridan ƙasar Japan da ke da ƙwaƙwalwa masu haɓaka tare da haɓakar rigakafi don yawancin cututtukan al'adu na musamman. Itace karami ne, matsakaicin nauyin kai kimanin 1.5 kilogram ne, ciyawar da kusan babu shi. Dandano yana da kyau kwarai, ganyen yana da taushi. Shugaban kabeji da wuya kyankyashe, adana shi tsawon watanni 4-5;
• Garanti F1. Haɗin daga Faransa ne. Lokacin girma shine kwana 140-145. An adana har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa. Darajan ga yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya cutar, juriya ga fatattaka. Yana da kyawawa don shuka wannan kabeji a cikin katako ko a karkashin tsari na fim. Gashin kai mai nauyin kilogram 3 masu yawa ne. Dandano mai daɗi ne, ba tare da haushi da haushi ba;
• Amfanin F1. Samun nasarar edan shayarwa na Rasha. Kabeji sosai sabo. Yana fasali a tsaye na ganye. Shugaban kabeji mai nauyin kilogram 1.5 ko kadan kadan. Yana da rigakafin "baƙi" ga Fusarium. Ganyayyaki shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi;
• Pallet. Lokacin girma shine kwana 140-150. Yawancin suna da kyau don adanawa na dogon lokaci, amma yana da kyau kuma sabo ne. Shugabannin kabeji suna zagaye, mai yawa, mai nauyin kilogram 1.9-2.4. Yawancin 'ya'yan itace da ke kan sa su kan riƙa ɗaukar' ya'ya, ko da yanayin rani ba shi da nasara sosai;
• Nurima F1. Wani sanannen matasan matasan Dutch. Itace karami ne, nauyin kawunan kabeji ya sha bamban daga 1 zuwa 2 kilogiram. Yana da kyau a dasa wannan kabeji ƙarƙashin abin rufe murfin;
• Juno. Matsayi na Rasha. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 130-140. A ganye ne duhu purple da kauri waxy shafi. Shugaban kabeji suna zagaye, suna yin kimanin kilo 1 ko kadan kadan. An yaba da dandano mai ban sha'awa, ana cinye shi sabo. Yawan aiki - kimanin 4 kg / m²;
• Rodima F1. Yaren Dutch. Shugaban kabeji kusan zagaye ne, maroon, mai nauyin kilo 3 ko fiye, kar a fasa. Ganyen suna da yawa, an rufe su da kauri mai kauri daga ɓoyayyen filaye. Lokacin girma shine kwana 140-145. An bambanta nau'ikan ta hanyar ɗaɗɗinsa, da kyau don shirye-shiryen salads. An adana amfanin gona har zuwa tsakiyar bazara mai zuwa. Dandano mai laushi ne, mai zafin gaske. Lokacin da aka girma a ƙarƙashin kayan abu ko fim, yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa sosai;
• Gako 741-Gwajin da aka gwada lokaci-lokaci, yayi girma tun shekaru 40 na karni na 20. An adana shi sosai (aƙalla har zuwa farkon bazara mai zuwa) da hawa. Hakanan an yaba da shi saboda tsananin haƙuri da rashin haƙuri. Da wuya mutane ke fama da cututtuka da kwari. Shugaban kabeji masu ruwan violet ne mai duhu, kar a fasa. Matsakaicin nauyi - 1.5-2 kg, samfuran mutum ya kai kilogiram 3;
• Vanguard F1. Da dama matsakaici ripening. Soket yana da ƙarfi, a tsaye. Ganyen suna da yawa, shunayya, an rufe shi da kauri mai kauri daga plaque, ba mai kauri ba. Gashin kai sun lalace, adadi mai yawa, yayi nauyi fiye da kilogiram 2. Iri-iri na rigakafi ne ga fusarium;
• Autoro F1. Yaren Dutch. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 135-140. Bambanta a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Shugaban kabeji suna da yawa, burgundy. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine kilogiram 1.2-1.5. A zahiri basa birgewa. Yawancin lokaci shine keel yake shafawa;
• Dan dambe Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan farko, waɗanda aka yi niyya don amfani sabo ne. Gashin kai yana da sihiri, yana ɗaukar kimanin kilogram 1.5 ko fiye da haka. Ganyen yana da launin ja-violet, tare da ɗan farin kuɗin azurfa;
• Intro F1. Soket yana da ƙarfi, ɗan ƙarami. Ganyen violet mai duhu kusan an rufe su da rufin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Farfajiyar takardar ba ta daidaita ba, ciki kamar da yawa ƙananan kumfa. Shugaban kabeji abu ne mai yawan sako-sako, mai nauyin kilogram 2;
• Halifa. Lokacin girma shine kwana 140-150. A iri tare da mai kyau sanyi juriya, jure kwatsam canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da kuma wuce haddi danshi. Gashin kai suna cikin gida, masu launin ja, ja a matsakaici (mai nauyin kilogram 1.5-2), ba mai yawa ba. Ganyen suna da taushi, m, kabeji yana da dandano mai daɗi. Lokacin ƙirƙirar wannan iri-iri, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don shayarwa. An ba da shawarar don amfani da sabo, ana iya adanar shi kimanin watanni 4;
• Dutse kai 447. "girmama" Soviet sa. Magana don fita shine kwanaki 125-145. Hanyar waje yana shimfiɗawa, tare da diamita na 80 cm ko fiye. Gashin kai sun kusan zagaye, mai yawa, yayi nauyi kusan kilogiram 1.5. Ripen a lokuta daban-daban, sau da yawa ana fasa. Ganyen yana da launin shuɗi mai ruwan shuɗi. Matsakaicin yawan aiki, rayuwar shiryayye - har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin hunturu;
• Lyudmila F1. Varietyan bambanta daga farkon nau'in ripening, kabeji an yi niyya ne don amfanin sabo. A ganye ne matsakaici-sized, kusan zagaye, greenish-purple tare da lokacin farin ciki fure. A gefuna suna sosai corrugated. Ku ɗanɗani yana da kyau kwarai. Matsakaicin nauyin zagaye ko dan kadan kifayen kabeji shine 1.8-2 kg;
• Maxilla. Shugaban kabeji ya bambanta cikin ingancin kiyayewa mai kyau, ana adana shi har zuwa farkon bazara mai zuwa. Ba a bada shawarar cin abinci nan da nan ba: ganyayyaki suna da wuya. Amma yayin ajiya, sun zama mafi taushi, dandano yana inganta. Yana da kyau a bar kabeji ya kwanta a farkon lokacin hunturu;
• Rubin MS. Mashahurin Czech iri-iri mai yawan gaske. Daga dasa shuki seedlings zuwa ripeness - kwanaki 120-130. Shugabannin siffar mara nauyi, launin shuɗi mai duhu, mai yawan gaske. Nauyin ya bambanta daga 1 kg zuwa kilogiram 2. Ana iya adana wannan kabeji har tsakiyar lokacin hunturu, amma yana da kyau kuma sabo ne.

Hoton hoto: nau'in kabeji ja, sanannen tsakanin gardenersan lambu

Shuka shuka da kuma kula dasu

Tunda mafi yawan nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan kabeji na jan kabeji ana sane da wani zamani mai tsire-tsire, ana yawanci girma tare da seedlings. Dasa tsaba kai tsaye cikin ƙasa mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yankuna na kudanci, amma ba wuya a yi shi a can saboda yawan amfani da su da kuma buƙatar kulawa da ƙwayar shuka.

Ana buƙatar shiri iri na preplant. Da farko, an tsoma su tsawon minti 15-20 a cikin ruwa mai zafi (45-50 ° C), sannan na tsawon awanni 2-3 - cikin sanyi.Bayan wannan, an yanyanka tsaba tsawon awanni 24 a cikin wani bakin kodadden ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate ko wani maganin kashe kwari na asalin halittu (Ridomil Gold, Fitosporin, Baikal-EM, Bayleton). Wannan ya wajaba don lalata da kuma rigakafin cututtukan fungal. A magana ta biyu, an rage lokacin aiki zuwa mintuna 25-30. Abu na qarshe da za'ayi kafin dasa shuki shine a goge tsaba a ruwa mai gudu kuma a bushe su. Mafi kyawun lokacin don sauka shine tsakiyar Maris.

Seedlings suna girma kamar haka:

1. M kwandunan lebur mara nauyi suna cike da cakuda kwakwalwan peat da ciyawar ciyawa. Dole ne a gurɓatar da ƙananan dutsen da farko.
   

   Soilasa don dasa shuki kabeji tsaba dole ne a lalata ta hanyar hurawa, zafi ko daskarewa

2. Ana shuka tsaba tare da tazara tsakanin cm 2, ba zurfi sosai ba cm 1 nisa tsakanin layin shine 3-4 cm. Akwatin an rufe shi da gilashi ko kuma fim mai nuna gaskiya. Har sai germination, an sa shi a cikin duhu. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 16-20ºС. A wannan yanayin, farkon tsiron ya bayyana bayan kwanaki 2-3. Har zuwa lokacin da tsaba ke ƙyanƙyashe, ba a shayar da ƙasa.
   

   Ana cire fim ko gilashi daga tanki yau da kullun don kawar da tarin ƙwayar cuta.

3. Bayan fitowar sprouts, ana ɗaukar kwantena zuwa wuri mai haske a cikin ɗakin, an cire tsari. Don ingantaccen haɓakar jan kabeji, ana buƙatar awanni hasken rana aƙalla awanni 14, saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin fallasa. Don wannan, ana amfani da luminescent na yau da kullun ko phytolamps na musamman. Don kwanakin 7-8 na farko, ana saukar da zazzabi zuwa 8-10 ° C, sannan an sake tayar dashi zuwa 12-16 ° C kuma an kiyaye shi, ba tare da canzawa ba, har sai ya mamaye cikin ƙasa.
   

   Don haɓaka al'ada, sprouts na kabeji suna buƙatar dogon hasken rana

4. Ja kabeji mai narkewa ne. Seedlings sau da yawa amma a matsakaici fesa. Kamar kowane kabeji, yana iya zama kamuwa da cutar da "baƙar fata kafa", don haka kowane kwanaki 7-10, ana maye gurbin ruwa don ban ruwa tare da ƙarancin ruwan hoda mai ƙarancin ƙwayar potassium. Suna ciyar da seedlings sau biyu - lokacin da aka samo ganyayyaki na ainihi 2-3 kuma kusan mako guda kafin suyi shuka cikin gonar. 3 g na sauki superphosphate da 2 g na urea da potassium sulfate ana ɗauka a kowace lita 1 na ruwa. Duk takaddun takin zamani na shuka shima ya dace.
   

   Rostock taki - ingantaccen kayan aiki wanda aka tsara don ciyar da seedlings
5. Ana aiwatar da ruwa a cikin lokaci na takarda na ainihi na biyu. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙananan kwantena mutum, pinching tushen. Sannan ya kamata a shayar da kabeji a matsakaici kuma a rufe tsawon kwanaki 3-5 daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Idan kayi amfani da tukwane na peat, to sai kaji daga gare su kafin dasa shuki a cikin kasa ba lallai ne a cire shi ba.
   

   A kan aiwatar da ruwa, tsunkule tushen seedling kabeji

6. Bayan 'yan makonni kafin dasa, seedlings fara taurara. Kwanakin farko na farko na farko 2-3 kawai bude taga a cikin ɗakin don sa'o'i da yawa, to, an kwashe kwantena zuwa baranda-in baranda ko loggia yayin rana. Kwanaki 3-4 na ƙarshe kafin sauka, suna kan kan titi. A lokaci guda, an fesa su tare da maganin kowane irin biostimulant (Epin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, potassium humate sun dace).
   

   Arfafa seedlings na kabeji yana taimaka mata daidaita da sabon yanayin rayuwa

Bidiyo: yadda za'a kula da shuki kabeji

Saukowa kabeji a cikin ƙasa

A cikin lambun, zaku iya dasa shuki na ja kabeji yana da shekaru 35-45. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire sun kai tsawo na 16-20 cm kuma suna da akalla ganye na gaskiya 4-5. Don sauƙaƙe cirewa daga tanki ba tare da lalata Tushen ba, aƙalla rabin sa'a kafin aikin, ya kamata a shayar da ƙasa sosai. Jan kabeji ana shuka shi ne a cikin ƙasa a farkon Mayu, zaɓin rani mai bushe, ranar sanyi don wannan.

Tare da dasa jan kabeji seedlings a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata ka yi shakka, overgrown seedlings talauci dauki tushe

A shuka categorically bai yi haƙuri stagnation na danshi a asalinsu. Saboda haka, kasar gona ya zama mai isa isa, yadda ya kamata a ruwa da iska, amma a lokaci guda mai gina jiki. Ma'aunin acid-base shine tsaka tsaki (pH 5.5-7.0). Ba za ku iya dasa kabeji ja a cikin ƙananan wurare ba ko kuma inda ruwan ƙasa ya matso kusa da saman ta fi nisan mil 1.5. Idan babu wani wuri, zaku gina tsaffin alamomi akalla 60 cm.

Lokacin zabar wani wuri don gado, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da cewa a cikin penumbra da inuwa, shugabannin kabeji sun sami tren kore mai ƙanshi, ya zama sako-sako, kuma ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda aka saba.

Dole ne a dasa kabeji ja a wani wurin buɗe ido, ko da penumbra mai haske bai dace da shi ba

Abubuwan kirki masu kyau don shuka sune kowane irin solanaceous, wake, albasa, tafarnuwa, ganye mai yaji, beets, karas. Bayan wasu nau'in kabeji, ana shuka shi a wuri guda kawai bayan shekaru 4-5. In ba haka ba, kamuwa da keel kusan ba makawa.

Tun daga lokacin kaka, an girbe ƙasa a hankali kuma ya zama humus ko takin da aka lalace don ƙara haɓaka ƙasa. Idan babu kwayoyin, yi amfani da takaddun nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium na takaddara (Azofoska, Diammofoska). Dolomite gari, ash na itace, da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi ana ƙara su a cikin ƙasa mai acidic.

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, an hana yin toshiyar ciyawar da ya wuce kima ta hanyar sanya ramuka tare da tazara ta aƙalla 60 cm. Nisa tsakanin layuka na saukowa yakai kusan cm 70. Kimanin rabin sa'a kafin aiwatarwa, rijiyoyin suna zubar da ruwa. A kowane sa dintsi na humus, 1 tsp. Tsarin potassium ba tare da chlorine ba, cokali biyu na dunƙule na katako ko ɓarnataccen itace ash da ɗan albasa kaɗan.

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings na ja kabeji a cikin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci don kula da tsaka-tsakin tsakanin tsirrai don kowane ɗayansu ya sami isasshen sarari don abinci mai gina jiki

Ana shuka ƙwayar 'yan itace, suna zurfafa zuwa ma'aurata na cotyledon. A ƙasa kusa da shuka ne a hankali compused, kabeji yana yalwatacce (game da 2 lita na ruwa) shayar. Don kwanakin 10-12 na farko, dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce a gina wani kango na wucin gadi a kanta daga duk wani abu mai rufe bakin farin launi.

Seedlingsan itacen bishiyoyi da aka shuka a ƙasa ana shayar da su sosai

Idan an shuka tsaba nan da nan a gonar, an shirya ƙasa daidai kamar yadda. Hakanan ana mutunta tsarin saukar da ƙasa. Ainihin lokacin na iya bambanta daga yanki. A cikin canjin yanayin kudu na kudu, ana iya shuka tsaba a farkon Afrilu, a tsakiyar Rasha - a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Afrilu, a cikin Urals da Siberiya - a farkon rabin Mayu.

An sanya tsaba 3-4 a cikin kowane rami, yana zurfafa su ta hanyar cm cm 3. Kafin seedlings ya bayyana, an rufe gado na lambun tare da kayan filastik ko kayan kayan rufewa a cikin bangarorin. Sannan kuna buƙatar kulawa da yawan zafin jiki a titi. Idan ya wuce 25ºС, tsire-tsire suna shimfiɗa, mai tushe sun lalata kuma an tanƙwara.

Lokacin da aka kafa ainihin ganye na 2-3 a kan kabeji, 'ya'yan itacen suna toshe bakin ciki, suna barin kowane rami ɗaya, mafi ƙarfi da haɓaka seedling. Sauran an yanka su a hankali tare da almakashi mai kaifi don kada su lalata tsarin tushen wasu. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kowace rana sau 2-3, cikin matsakaici. Don hana haɓakar "ƙafafun baƙar fata" mako guda bayan fitowar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, an shimfiɗa gado da ƙyallen ƙyallen ƙwayoyi ko ƙwayoyin taba.

Kula da amfanin gona

Red kabeji ba musamman capricious da neman barin, ko da yake saboda wasu dalilai wani ra'ayi daban ya dauki tushe tsakanin lambu.

Watse

Ja kabeji jan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙauna. Kodayake ya yarda da fari da kyau, ƙarancin ruwa ba shi da kyau game da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kabeji. Akai-akai da yalwatacce watering ne contraindicated da shi - tare da stagnation na ruwa a Tushen, rot da sauri tasowa. Sabili da haka, dole ne a yarda da saman ƙasa na ƙasa don bushewa.

Yayyafa kabeji a ƙarƙashin tushe, in ya yiwu - to, ta hanyar yafa. Ta musamman na bukatar danshi a lokacin da rosettes na ganye form, rufe a cikin m magana, da kuma lokacin da ripening da shugabannin kabeji.

Ana shayar da kabeji ja domin saukad da ruwa ya faɗo akan ganyayyaki, kamar a ruwan sama

Ana aiwatar da hanya sosai da yamma. Idan yanayin yayi sanyi da gajimare, da zarar kowane kwanaki 4-5 ya isa. A cikin zafi, an rage tazara tsakanin ruwa zuwa kwanaki 1-3. Don tsire-tsire, al'ada shine lita 2-3 a kowace shuka, yayin ƙirƙirar shugabannin kabeji, yana ƙaruwa zuwa lita 4-5. Ciyawa zai taimaka wajen riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa.

Yana da wuya a zabi wani "fari" tare da sparse, yalwatacce watering. Wannan kusan babu makawa zai iya haifar da fashewar kawuna.

Yanawa

Ka duba gado sau da yawa. Karo na farko - kwanaki 7-10 bayan dasawa seedlings a cikin qasa. Sannan ana aiwatar da hanyar a kowane kwanaki 3-4. Lokacin da seedlings tushe a cikin wani sabon wuri da kuma na rayayye fara girma, suka spud kabeji, ciko kara da ƙasa har sai na farko da na gaskiya ganye. Fiye da kyau, ya kamata a sako kasar gona bayan kowace watering har zuwa lokacin da ganye gaba daya ya rufe ƙasa. Da farko, zuwa zurfin 5-8 cm, watanni 1-1.5 bayan dasawa - daga 12-15 cm.

Godiya ga tsaunin dutse, kabeji yana samar da tsarin tushensa mai ƙarfi

A yawancin yawancin nau'ikan, ciyawar tana da tsayi, sabili da haka, har tsawon lokacin kabeji ja, ana buƙatar mafi yawan sutura 3-4. Da farko, yakamata a sanya shi akan takin mai-nitrogen, tare da taimakawa wajan dasa shukar kore kore. Wannan macronutrient an cire shi gaba daya lokacin da shugabannin kabeji suka fara farawa.

Cessarfin wuce gona da iri na nitrogen yana rage rigakafin shuka, yana haɓaka tarin nitrates a cikin shugabannin kabeji, yana rage ingancin kiyayewarsu kuma yana haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙoshin jini.

Tsarin ciyarwa:

1. Lokaci na farko ana ciyar da jan kabeji kwanaki 12-15 bayan dasa shuki. Domin 1 m² dauki 10 g na carbamide, 15 g na potassium sulfate da 20 g na superphosphate mai sauƙi. Ana zubar da takin a cikin tsintsiya tsakanin tsirrai, sannan an binne tsintsayen, an shayar da lambun sosai.
   

   Urea, kamar sauran takin mai magani na nitrogen, yana taimakawa kabeji da karfi wajen gina kore

2. An ciyar da na biyu lokacin da shugabannin kabeji suka fara ɗaure su, kimanin makonni 2-3 bayan farkon. Adadin taki yana ƙaruwa sau 1.5. Kuna iya amfani da kwayoyin - ruwa wanda aka sa tare da taki saniya, busasshen tsuntsu, ganye mai ɗanɗano ko dandelion.
   

   Nettle jiko - asalin halitta nitrogen da sauran macronutrients

3. Ciyarwa ta uku da ta biyo baya, ana aiwatar da ita tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 15, dauke da phosphorus da potassium kawai. Ana zuwa da su a cikin bushe bushe (20-25 g / m²) ko a cikin hanyar warwarewa, dilging daidai adadin a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Zaka iya madadin su da jiko na itace ash da takaddun takaddun kabeji ba tare da nitrogen ba.

Bidiyo: abubuwanda suka dace da fasaha na aikin gona na kabeji ja

Cututtuka da kwari: iko da rigakafin

Red kabeji yana fama da cututtuka da kwari sau da yawa ƙasa da farin kabeji. Amma ba ta tsira daga kamuwa da cuta ba tare da keel, bacteriosis da fusarium. Daga cikin kwari, asu kabeji, matafila daga cikin malam buɗe ido kabeji da kabeji scoops, aphids, da thrips sa mafi cutarwa ga plantings.

A kowane hali, rigakafin mafi kyawun shine kula da amfanin gona. Babu ƙarancin mahimmanci shine jujjuyawar amfanin gona - spores na funggen pathogenic fungi, ƙwai da larvae na kwari a hankali suna tarawa a cikin ƙasa. Tare da matsanancin ciyawar da ya wuce kima, kowace cuta tayi sauri sosai.

Cutar Fusarium wata cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare wanda ke haifar da kabeji ya mutu cikin al’amarin kwanaki.

Don rigakafin cututtukan fungal, rigar ƙwayar preplant na kabeji ja a cikin maganin kashewa yana da karko. Bayan dasa shuki a kan gado, an yayyafa ƙasa da alli da ƙugiya, ƙwayayen tsire waɗanda ke da toka na itace. Kowane kwanaki na 12-15 don rigakafin, ana yayyafa kabeji tare da jiko na albasa ko masu harbe a tafarnuwa, bayani mai haske mai haske na potassiumgangan ko ruwa mai dilken kefir ko magani tare da ƙari na aidin (digo 1 a kowace lita).

Idan ba za a iya kawar da kamuwa da cuta ba, yi amfani da wasu fungicides. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, jiyya 3-4 tare da tazara na kwanaki 5-7 sun isa. Dukansu tsoffin samfuran lokaci da aka gwada (Bordeaux ruwa, vitriol) ana amfani dasu, da kuma shirye-shiryen tagulla na zamani - Topaz, Horus, Skor, Kuprozan.

Ana iya sayan ruwan Bordeaux a shagon ko kuma a shirya shi da kansa

Cutar mafi haɗari ga kowane kabeji shine keel. Naman gwari da sauri yana lalata tushen tsarin shuka. Hanya daya tilo da za a magance ta ita ce lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona ta hanyar dasa shuki a kabeji bayan amfanin gona da ke taimaka wa rukunin ɓarna na fure (solanaceous, beets, albasa, tafarnuwa) Yana da muhimmanci a yi a kai a kai sako gonar.

Ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da keel tare da hanyoyin zamani, don haka ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman don rigakafin cutar

Don guje wa barazanar kwaro, a farkon bazara an zubar da ƙasa a kan gado tare da Fufanon, Alatar, Tiovit Jet ko ruwan zãfi. Yawancin kwari ba sa yin haƙuri da ƙanshi. Sabili da haka, dasa kabeji yana da amfani don kewaye "shinge" na albasa, tafarnuwa, ganye, marigolds, marigold, lavender. A kan kowane malam buɗe ido, pheromone na musamman ko tarkunan da aka yi da gida a cikin nau'ikan kwantena cike da ruwa mai narkewa da ruwa, zuma, jam, sukari sukari suna da tasiri. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwayoyi Lepidocide, Bitoxibacillin.

Aphid yana daya daga cikin kwari mai hadarin gaske, bazai raina kowace kabeji ba

Idan babu kwari da yawa, magungunan gargajiya zasu taimaka wajan magance su. Ana iya bi da kabeji tare da kumfa na tukunyar kore ko sabulu mai wanki, jiko na barkono mai zafi ko taba, wanda aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwa tare da soda ash ko sulfur colloidal. A yayin mamayewa, ana amfani da kowane kwari gaba ɗaya - Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio, Mospilan, Tanrek, Confidor-Maxi.

Girbi da adanawa

Yi sauri tare da girbi ba shi daraja. Ja kabeji mai sanyi-mai tsauri ne, saboda haka kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali musamman kan girman shugaban kabeji, na hali ne iri-iri. Yawancin nau'ikan za'a iya cire su a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Oktoba.

Shugabannin da aka yi niyya don ajiya mai tsawo tabbas an haƙa su a cikin yanayin sanyi, amma a zazzabi da ƙari. Suna buƙatar yin nazari a hankali - kada a sami ƙananan fasa da ƙaramin burbushi na lalacewar cututtuka da kwari.

Sannan an basu damar bushewa na tsawon kwanaki 2-3, bayan haka sai a yanke ganye masu hade tare da ban da ukun uku ko hudu da tushe, sai a bar dogon tsayi mai tsawon 3-4 cm.

Ja kabeji mai ja, wanda aka yi niyyar ajiya na dogon lokaci, ana fara nazarin shi da kyau

Adana amfanin gona a cikin gareji, cellar, ginin ƙasa. Wurin dole ne yayi duhu kuma tare da samun iska mai kyau. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 0-4ºС, gumi iska shine 80% kuma sama. Shugaban kabeji ana cukurkuɗe a cikin akwatuna na katako ko kwali, an yayyafa shi da yashi domin kar su taɓa juna. Hakanan zaku iya kunsa kowane takarda ku shimfiɗa su a kan shelves, ɗaure cikin nau'i-nau'i don ɗakunan rataye kuma ku rataye su a ƙarƙashin rufin.

Bidiyo: yadda za'a kiyaye girbin kabeji na dogon lokaci

Ko da wani ɗan lambu wanda ba shi da ƙwarewa mai yawa zai iya jimre da namowar jan kabeji. Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, wannan al'ada ba ta da yawa kuma tana neman kulawa. Yawancin nau'ikan suna ba ku damar zaɓin abin da ya fi dacewa, yana mai da hankali kan ɗanɗano, haɓakawa, bayyanar shugabannin kabeji. Rashin sanyi na wannan nau'in kabeji yana ba ku damar shuka shi a cikin yawancin ƙasar Rasha.