Osteospermum - Wannan itace mai kyau, mai ban sha'awa wanda ake amfani dashi a Turai don yin ado da lambuna, gadaje masu gada da kuma baranda.
Wannan shuka ita ce daga Afirka - Cape Province na Afirka ta Kudu.
Fure yana kama kama da daisy ko daisy, wanda aka kira shi da daji na Afirka, wani daji ne na Afrika, da daisy mai launi mai launin shuɗi ko wani gaji na Cape.
Osteospermum, wanda yawancin gonar furanni na Yammacin Yammacin Turai suka gamsu, yana fara samun karbuwa a tsakanin manomanmu. Duk da haka, idan kun tashi don yin ado da baranda ko gadon filawa don kishi da masu wucewa-da, ku kula da ban mamaki Cape chamomile. Bugu da ƙari, ana bambanta da manyan halayen kayan ado da tsawon flowering, tsire-tsire ba shi da kyau a kulawarsa.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin yanayin, wannan shrub na girma daga 15 cm zuwa 1 m. Domin na cikin gida floriculture, m hybrids tare da sauƙi da biyu furanni suna bred.
Shuka osteosperm seedlings
Girman osteospermum zai yiwu a hanyoyi biyu: iri da grafting. Amma akwai nau'o'in da za'a iya yada su kawai tare da taimakon tsaba. Saukowa na osteosperm zai yiwu nan da nan a bude ƙasa zuwa wuri na dindindin. Amma a wannan yanayin, yanayin zai zo ne sosai. Don kiyaye tsinkayen osteospermum a baya, ya fi kyau shuka shi akan seedlings. 
Lokaci don shuka tsaba don seedlings
Domin tsire ta shuka a watan Yuni, yana da kyawawa don shuka tsaba don seedlings daga marigayi Maris zuwa farkon Afrilu. Furen za a iya girma a matsayin shekara-shekara kuma a matsayin tsire-tsire mai suna, wanda ya danganta da yanayin hawan dutse da yanayi. Osterosperum na buƙatar yanayi mai dumi don germination, game da +18 ° C zai zama zafin jiki mafi kyau lokacin da za'a iya dasa ta a kan tsirrai. A karkashin waɗannan yanayi, ƙananan furanni zasu bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10.
Substrate don girma seedlings
Kasar gona don saukowa na osteospermum ya kamata a kwance. A matsayin substrate, kana buƙatar ɗauka a cakuda turf da ƙasa leaf, humus da yashi a daidai sassa. Hakanan zaka iya yin amfani da ƙwayar mai yayyafi mai yalwaci a daidai rabbai.
Shuka tsaba don seedlings
A tsaba na tsire-tsire suna da yawa kuma suna halin da kyau germination, don haka za su iya dasa nan da nan a cikin tukwane. Wannan zai kauce wa mataki na ɗauka, wanda zai iya lalata tushen tsarin. Babu kuma bukatar shuka tsaba da yawa a cikin tukunya daya, daya cikin kowanne ya isa.
Shuka tsaba, zurfafa su a ƙasa a 0.5 cm, sannan an rufe shi da ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Babban asirin mai kyau germination yana dasa shuki tsaba. Babu buƙatar haɗuwa da su, yana da kyau a kunsa a takaice cikin zane mai tsabta. Idan tsaba sun yi yawa sosai, tohunan zai zama na ƙarshe.
Yanayi na shuka germination
Dole ne a rufe kwantena da seedlings tare da fim ko gilashi, a sanya su a wuri mai haske kuma zazzabi zazzabi ya kamata +20 ° C. Tsarin noma na seedlings na osteospermum daga tsaba yana yiwuwa a cikin haske mai haske da matsakaicin zafin jiki. A cikin zafi, ya ci gaba da muni, saboda haka yana da kyau a sanya seedlings a kan sanyi, glazed baranda.
Shin kuna sani? Tsaba zasu yi girma da sauri idan, kafin dasa shuki, su rushe harsashin kwaskwarinsu: raguwa ko rabu, kamar nau'in sunflower.
Tsarin abinci
Seedlings na bukatar na yau da kullum matsakaici watering ba tare da waterlogging.
Dole ne ku ciyar da harbe sau ɗaya, kusan a ƙarshen watan Afrilu, makonni biyu kafin a soma shiga cikin ƙasa.
Don spraying dace rauni bayani na Organic da ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Ma'aikata na ƙwararru suna yin jayayya game da ko za su yi amfani da osteospermum da abin da iri suke bukata.
Daga cikin masu sana'a, an dauki cewa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ɗaukan nauyin harbe a tsirrai, wanda aka yi sau biyu. Wannan zai ba da izini don rage jinkirin harbe, don samar da kyakkyawan daji kuma samar da launi mai yawa.
Hardening seedlings
Osteospermum yana da sanyi, amma duk da wannan, yana da kyawawa don gudanar da aiki Hardening matasa shuke-shuke. Da zarar takardun gaskiya na farko sun bayyana a kan seedlings, wajibi ne don rage yawan zazzabi don wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, buɗe kofa ko kofa mai baranda. Kuna buƙatar farawa daga minti 10-15, sannu a hankali yana tsawanta hanya kuma rage yawan zazzabi zuwa +12 ° C.
Shuka osteosperm seedlings a bude ƙasa
Lokacin da barazanar canje-canje na canjin yanayin zafi da spring frosts ya ɓace, lokaci na dasa shuki a bude ƙasa ta samo kayan gyaran gashin osteosperm.
Lokaci don dasa shuki seedlings
Ana shuka shuke-shuke da girma a wuri mai dadi a cikin marigayi Mayu ko farkon Yuni, dangane da yanayin yanayi da yanayi. 
Zaɓi wuri
Don dasa shuki shuka zabi rana, wuri mai haske, rufe daga gusts na iska. Hasken hasken rana yana da mahimmanci ga kyakkyawa na flowering, wanda zai zama da wuya a cikin inuwa. Osteospermum ya kamata a dasa shi a cikin haske, sako-sako, mai kyau, ƙasa mai tsabta. Taki yana da kyau a yi a cikin kaka, saboda injin ba ya son karamin takin gargajiya.
Shuka seedlings da nisa tsakanin shuke-shuke
Don dasa shuki seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude zabi dumi, rana rana. Ana amfani da saplings tare da clod earthen a cikin rami da aka shirya a baya, sa'an nan kuma su da kyau sun tattake ƙasa a kusa da su da kuma zuba shi da ruwa mai dumi. An dasa shukin Osteosperm, samar da seedlings da sararin samaniya, a nesa daga 30 zuwa 130 cm, dangane da iri-iri.
Haɗuwa da osteospermum tare da wasu tsire-tsire
Osteospermum yana da muhimmin wuri a zane-zanen yanayi da kuma baranda mai bazara daga cikin masu shuka flower growers. A cikin tsire-tsire, yana da kyau tare da ƙaunar rana, kafa shekara-shekara ko ganye, irin su gatsaniya, lobariya, kararrawa, doroteanthus ko juyayi. 
Osteospermum kuma ya dubi mai girma tare da geraniums, geyhera, iri-iri na Verbena Tsarin ja, rudbeckies, cosmeria da caliberraa. Duk waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsirrai suna da irin waɗannan bukatun don yanayin girma.
Kulawa da kuma noma na osteospermum
Osteospermum yana da furen mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, bayanin tsarin tsarin agrotechnique don amfanin gonarsa kuma kulawa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa.
Yanayin Watering
Filashin furanni yana buƙatar matsakaici, na yau da kullum, musamman a bushe, yanayin zafi. A cikin hunturu, injin yana bukatar ruwa maras nauyi, yana buƙata a shayar da ita a hanyar da zai hana ƙasa daga bushewa. A lokaci guda, furen ba ya jure wa ƙasa mai tsami. Wajibi ne don tsabtace ƙasa tare da weeding.
Shuka abinci mai gina jiki
Dole ne a ciyar da daisy na Afirka sau uku a kowace kakar, zai tsawanta tsawon lokacin flowering kuma ya sa ya zama mafi kyau kuma yafi yawa. An fara yin gyare-gyare na farko a cikin kwanaki 15-20 bayan fitarwa, sa'an nan kuma wani lokacin a lokacin bazara, kafin flowering. Ana yin cin abinci na ƙarshe a ƙarshen lokacin rani. Ana amfani da samfurori da potassium da nitrate a matsayin takin mai magani bisa ga umarnin. Har ila yau, ya dace da takin mai magani mai ban sha'awa don amfanin gona. 
Pruning inflorescences
Don tsawanta furancin amfanin gona da kuma tabbatar da cewa shuka ya ci gaba ba tare da yin amfani da shi ba, yana da muhimmanci a cire dukkanin gonar flowering. Suna tsoma baki tare da ci gaba mai kyau na osteospermum, ta katse shi.
Yadda zaka ajiye osteospermum a cikin hunturu
Don noma osteospermum a matsayin tsire-tsire, a cikin hunturu dole ne a canja shi zuwa ɗaki mai haske, mai dadi. A lokacin hunturu, ya kamata a rage yawan ruwa a minti, in ba haka ba flower zai mutu idan zafi ya wuce kima. A cikin ƙasa mai nisa, shuka zai iya yin hunturu kawai a yanayin kudanci, inda zafin jiki ba ya fada a kasa da digiri 10 na Celsius. A wannan yanayin, an ajiye shi kawai don hunturu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Osteospermum ya fi damuwa da fari fiye da mai dadi. A yanayin yanayin bushewa na ƙasa, shuka zai sauke ganye, zai bushe, amma da zarar kasar gona ta sha ruwan, sai ta sake farfadowa kuma ta dawo. Ruwan ruwa mai ƙyama yana da hatsarin gaske - zaka iya rasa flower har abada.
Osteospermum grafting
Hanyar na biyu na haifuwa na osteospermum shine grafting, wanda ke ba ka damar haifa duk alamun da kake so. Ana girbe cututtuka cikin Janairu-Fabrairu, ko da yake yana yiwuwa a yanke su a ƙarshen lokacin rani - a farkon kaka. 
Cuttings yanke a wani kwana daga saman shuka. An cire littattafan ƙananan, daga barin wasu babba. Don shayarwa, kana buƙatar rike cututtuka a cikin ruwa na kimanin wata guda, sa'annan a hankali ka dasa su a cikin tukunyar da aka shirya tare da cakuda mai gina jiki na humus, ƙasa, da yashi.
Bayan haka, ana yadu da cututtukan, an rufe su da fim kuma sun samar da yanayin iska mai zurfi fiye da +20 ° C. Kafe osteosperm kafin cuttings an kiyaye a yanayin sanyi har sai spring. Bayan an gama katsewar cututtuka ana dasa su a wuri mai dadi.
Iri da kuma irin osteospermum
Osteospermum yana da iyalin Astrovye kuma tana da nau'in nau'in nau'o'in da iri iri - na shekara-shekara da kuma sa'a. Mafi yawan al'ada ita ce Ekton osteosperm. Itacciyar itace ce mai kyau wadda ta haɓaka a cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayi. 
Masu shayarwa sun dauka wannan jinsin a matsayin tushen don samar da sababbin nau'o'in matasan, mafi mashahuri da su:
- Buttermilk - furen furanni da furanni mai haske;
- Silver Sparkler - farar fata na fata, ya bar kore tare da fararen fata;
- Congo - daya daga cikin mafi kyau iri na osteospermum, wanda yana da haske m-purple furanni;
- Zulu - furanni na haske mai inuwa;
- Sky da kankara - m iri-iri tare da furanni farar fata masu launin furanni tare da kyan zuma;
- Volta - furanni iri-iri da yawa waɗanda suka canza launin su daga launi-ruwan hoda zuwa farar fata;
- Bamba - Har ila yau, magunguna masu yawa, furanni, wanda akasin haka, canza daga fari zuwa purple;
- Pemba - furen na musamman, ƙananan ƙananan da aka yada su har zuwa rabi;
- Sandy ruwan hoda - tsire-tsire, furanni mai ruwan hoda, harsuna waɗanda suke kama da cokali;
- Starry kankara - kadan fiye da rabin mita mai tsawo, waɗannan furanni suna da lambun da ba su da wani abu, reed halos waxanda suke da fari a saman kuma a kasa suna launin toka, tare da kowane harshe tare da rabi.
Masu zane-zane masu launi da masu shuka furanni masu ban sha'awa sukanyi girma iri-iri iri iri a cikin gadon filawa. Mafi buƙatar su shi ne Eklon osteosperm cultivar da low-girma bushes. Wannan ya hada da shirin Peshn mai suna Peshn, wanda ke da launi mai yawa da ƙananan bushes (har zuwa 30 cm). Wadannan furanni suna da tsada sosai, wanda ya ba da haske ga haɗuwa da dasa shuki kuma yayi girma a cikin kwantena. Musamman ma'anoni masu kyau tare da cokali-kamar fure: Gnome Salmon da Pink Lace. 
Wani nau'in irin wannan shuka shi ne osteosperm. Wannan, ma, kamar Eclona, wani nau'i ne mai tushe wanda ya kafa harsashi don sababbin nau'o'in matasan. Hannun jinsin wannan jinsin sune masoyi, suna iya samun launuka daban-daban da tabarau: fararen, ruwan hoda, purple, violet, blue. Famous irin wannan nau'in - Lady Leytrim - furanni furanni; Buttermilk - rawaya rawaya, lightening zuwa tushe; da kuma Bengal wuta - furanni dabam dabam, tare da furanni a gaban gefe fari, kuma tare da baya - blue.
