Amfanin duniya na kayan tumatir a cikin dafa abinci da amfanin da aka samo daga amfani sun tabbatar da karfin wannan shuka. Girbi, mafi yawan rikitarwa da raunin da ya faru daga ƙayayuwa da ke rufe bishiyoyi, ya sa masu shayarwa su samar da sababbin kwayoyi tare da ƙananan ƙura. Daya daga cikin wadannan iri, ba na baya a iyawa zuwa saba gooseberries, shi ne iri-iri "Beryl".
Tarihin ƙira
Gishiri "Beryl" yana dauke da bayyanar da cutar cututtukan cututtukan Spherotek, wanda ake kira "American powdery mildew". Manufofin masu shayarwa don samar da sababbin nau'i a sakamakon hanyar hayewa da nau'in Turai da na Amurka wadanda suke da alamun cutar cututtuka, an yi nasara tare da nasara.
Babban aikin ne ya fara a 1934-1950 da mai sayarwa da kuma babban jami'in bincike a Chelyabinsk Fruit and Stationery Station da ake kira bayan. I. V. Michurin Alexei Pavlovich Gubenko. Sakamakon wannan aiki shine sababbin nau'o'in gwangwani "Poor-Lame" da "Chelyabinsk Green", tare da yin amfani da wasu ƙididdigarsu.
Yana da muhimmanci! A iri-iri "Beryl" ne kai m kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin pollination don tabbatar da high da ake samu.
Tun daga shekarar 1971, aikin aikin gona na ci gaba da cike da masanin kimiyya don amfanin gona na Vladimir Sergeevich Ilyin.
Muna ba da shawara don samun masaniya da mafi yawan irin kayan guzberi da iri mafi kyau ba tare da ƙaya ba.
A karkashin jagorancinsa, irin wadannan kayan abinci kamar "Harlequin", "Beryl", "Dessert", "Emerald", "Kwamandan", "Sanata", "Ural Emerald", "Ural Gem", "Fantasy" da sauransu da aka bred. An shigar da nau'ikan Beryl a cikin Lissafi na Ƙungiyar Rahoton Ƙirƙirar Halitta tun shekarar 1998.
Bayani da halaye
Goozberi "Beryl" - wani nau'i ne na tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na Goozberi iyali na jubijin Currant. Ana nuna alamun halittu a cikin halaye na daji da berries. 
Shrub
Daji na matsakaici tsawo, kai a tsawo na ba fiye da 1-1.2 mita, yada, lokacin farin ciki:
- Harbe - matsakaici lokacin farin ciki, cylindrical, mai lankwasa tare da m overhanging saman;
- Ƙananan rassan suna da uku, ƙananan ɓangaren waɗanda suka fi girma suna rufe shi da spikes;
- haushi da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da inuwar anthocyanin (launin toka, ja, blue, violet, da dai sauransu), halayyar yanayin daban-daban na ripening;
- spikes - rauni, guda ɗaya, wanda ya dace da shugabancin ci gaba;
- ganye suna kore, babba, mai laushi, elongated, zane-zane, uku ko biyar-lobed tare da mai zurfi, ba su da girma;
- buds - ƙananan, elongated naval siffar, da karkata daga shoot;
- furanni suna da yawa kuma suna da haske, suna da haske mai haske ko ja huɗɗa, elongated cupped, sanya a nau'i-nau'i a cikin inflorescence.
Bincika samfurori na girma irin waɗannan irin kayan tumatir kamar "Spring", "Honey", "Krasnoslavyansky", "Consul", "Grushenka", "Malachite", "Komandor", "Kolobok".
Berries
Ganye 'ya'yan itatuwa suna girma-sized berries, daya-girma, tare da taro daga 3.9 zuwa 9.2 grams.
Berries halayyar irin wannan nazarin halittu bayanin:
- siffar zane-zane;
- launi - haske mai haske tare da bambancin jinsin lokaci;
- fata ne na bakin ciki, mai karfi, ba tare da girma ba;
- da ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m;
- dandano - zaki da m.
Abincin sinadaran na 100 grams na ɓangaren kayan abinci yana wakiltar abun ciki:
- sunadarai - 0.88 g;
- mai nauyi 0.58 g;
- carbohydrates - 10.18 g;
- abincin na abinci - 4.3 g;
- ruwa - 87.87 g.
Shin kuna sani? A Tarayyar Tarayyar Soviet, an yi amfani da tsire-tsire na gooseberries ba tare da dadi ba, kuma an dakatar da rarrabacciyar rarraba, ta maye gurbin shi tare da currants baki.
Wasu fasali na iri-iri
Hanyoyi na iri-iri "Beryl" an bayyana su a cikin irin wadannan halaye kamar juriya ga cututtuka, fari da sanyi juriya, yawan amfanin ƙasa da lokacin girka, matakin transportability, amfani da berries a wurare daban-daban na aiki.
Cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta
Bambancin "Beryl" yana maganin cututtuka masu yawa da kwari, amma tare da rashin kulawa da tsire-tsire, yiwuwar lalacewa ya kasance high. 
Shin kuna sani? Gisberi saboda abin da ya shafi sinadarai yana da amfani don amfani ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan cututtuka na tsarin jijiyoyin jini, koda, anemia, da beriberi.
Akwai babban yiwuwar powdery mildew (spherotek) da downy mildew (peronosporoz). Wadannan cututtukan cututtuka sun daina ci gaba da ci gaba da shuka, bayan haka ba tare da magani mai kyau ya kai ga mutuwarsa ba. 
Alamun Sphereoteka na rashin lafiya - bayyanar spots a kan harbe da ganyen daji, wanda, a hankali ya girma, ya rufe daji tare da tsire-tsire, saboda abin da ganye ya bushe ya fāɗi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayar daji yana da wuya ya shafi.
Daga cikin kwari, mafi kusantar kai hare-hare shi ne launi mai laushi ko launin fure-fure. Wadannan ƙwayoyin (caterpillars) sun fito ne daga qwai da aka fara da butterflies a farkon spring kuma suna ci sassan layi, suna lalata dukkanin sassan jikin.
Gano abin da wasu cututtuka da kwari sun shafi gooseberries da yadda za a magance su.
Sawfly Kwango 
Yellow gooseberry sawfly
Furewa juriya da sanyi juriya
Guzberi ba ya jure wa waterlogging, amma yana da matukar damuwa ga fari. Girma a kan shirye-shiryen gonar, bazai buƙatar bugun ruwa mai yawa, amma har yanzu bai dace ba don ba da izinin rashin ruwa a lokacin zafi. Game da juriya na juriya, nau'in Beryl ba ya buƙatar tsari don kakar hunturu kuma yana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi mai zuwa ƙasa -38 ° C.
Lokacin bazara da yawan amfanin ƙasa
"Beryl" yana nufin tsakiyar kakar iri, wannan yana nufin cewa ripening berries yana faruwa a tsakiyar lokacin rani: na farko amfanin gona za a iya girbe a tsakiyar watan Yuli. Yawancin nau'in iri-iri ne mai girma - daya daji yana iya samar da daga kilo 5 zuwa 10 na berries da kakar.
Transportability
A mataki na fasaha fasaha (watau, dan kadan unripe), berries suna riƙe da sabo don kwanakin 3 kuma ana iya ɗaukar su. Bayan kai matukar balaga (cikakken balagagge), ana iya rage transportability na berries, wanda ya sa ya kasa yiwuwa a kai ga nesa.
Amfani da berries
Guzberi ne na duniya Berry amfani da shi a wasu fannonin aikin mutum. Abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai mai mahimmanci da kimar magani suna samar da aikace-aikace a maganin gargajiya kamar mahimman kayan girkewa daga cututtuka daban-daban.
Bugu da ƙari, kaddarorin berries suna da kyau a cikin cosmetology, musamman, don yin masks, scrubs, creams da lotions. Mafi yawan amfani da 'ya'yan itace guzberi a dafa abinci.
A kan berries yana yiwuwa a samar da:
- giya - giya da giya;
- marinades don ƙarin aiki na nama;
- Sauces ga dukan nama nama;
- kayan shafa - compotes, tsare, jams, confitures;
- dried 'ya'yan itace.
Kuna son sha'awar karantawa game da yadda ake yin giya na gida, da miya, jam da kuma jamberi, da kuma yadda za a zabi gurasar gooseberries a gida.
Duk da irin wannan amfani da sukari, don wasu mutane, yin amfani da berries zai iya haifar da rikitarwa a cikin irin waɗannan cututtuka:
- ciwon sukari;
- cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka na cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili;
- koda da urinary fili.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kasancewar cututtuka na yau da kullum suna buƙatar yin shawarwari tare da likita game da cikakken adadin da ake amfani da 'ya'yan itace na guzberi.
Yadda zaka zaba seedlings lokacin sayen
Kyakkyawan ci gaba da ci gaba da shuka, yawan amfaninta na gaba zai dogara ne da madaidaicin zabi na seedlings. Za a iya ba da fifiko ga duka seedlings tare da tushen tushen tsarin, kuma akwati ya girma.
Video: yadda za a zabi guga seedlings Saplings tare da tushen tushen tsarin ya zama akalla 2 shekaru kuma suna da karfi mai karfi har tsawon tsawon 20 cm.Da ya kamata a kara girma, amma har yanzu ba a rushe shi ba, ana iya barin foliage ne kawai a kan magunguna.
Dole ne a ci gaba da tsarin tushen tsarin kayan aiki, a lakafta shi, m. Bisa ga binciken da aka gani, ba'a lalacewa da harbe na shuka ba ko nuna wata cuta.
Saplings tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar ba sa da wani zamani don sayarwa. Dole ne a ci gaba da bunkasa su sosai, kuma yawancin harbe a lokaci guda zasu iya isa 40-50 cm. Yana da muhimmanci cewa tushen tsarin ya cika akwati ya kuma samar da wani babban clod earthen.
A cikin ci gaban ginin, mai kyau da karfi mai sapling ya kamata ya ba da iyakar yawan matasan fararen fata, wanda zai zama sananne lokacin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Ta hanyar nazarin gani, haushi da harbe na shuka basu da lalacewa ko alamun cutar. 
Shin kuna sani? A lokacin mulkin Bitrus na, 'yan Italians, waɗanda suka isa Rasha, sun kira gishiri "' ya'yan inabi na arewa" don zaki da juiciness na 'ya'yan itace.
Za'a iya sayan kayan lambu a kan kasuwa, a cikin lambun lambun ko kantin sayar da layi.
Yanayin girma
Goozberi ba ya kasance cikin tsire-tsire marasa amfani kuma yana buƙatar wasu yanayi don girma. A guzberi "Beryl" ba musamman karba game da ƙasa abun da ke ciki: loamy, sandy da sandy kasa tare da matsakaici pH dabi'u sun dace da dasa da kuma girma.
Zai zama da amfani a gare ka ka karanta game da yadda za ka ƙayyade acidity na kasar gona a kan shafin, kazalika da yadda za a dage ƙasa.
Kasashen Acidic ba su dace da noma ba, sabili da haka, a irin waɗannan lokuta, ana ba da shawarar rage yawan acidity ta hanyar ƙara dolomite gari. Dangane da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, guzberi yana buƙatar aikace-aikacen lokaci na kwayoyin da ma'adinai. 
Ba sa son gishiri da ruwan kasa mai zurfi, saboda matsanancin danshi zai haifar da bayyanar cututtukan fungal a cikin shuka. "Beryl" yana da haske game da hasken walƙiya kuma yana so ya yi girma a wurare masu zafi, an kare shi daga iskõki.
Lokaci da saukowa
Abin farin ciki don girma gooseberries layuka na itatuwa girma a cikin rana da kuma wurare masu tasowa - wannan zai taimaka wajen samuwar penumbra yarda da daji kuma za su tsari daga drafts.
Don yanayin girma na al'ada, lokaci mafi kyau don shuka seedling shi ne farkon kaka (marigayi Satumba - farkon Oktoba). Har yanzu akwai lokaci mai tsawo kafin sanyi ta farko, wanda zai ba da damar seedling ya dauki tushe sosai kafin lokacin hunturu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don saukowa yana da muhimmanci cewa zafin jiki a daren ba ya fada a kasa 5º-10ºС.
Don tabbatar da isasshen isasshen nesa na gaba na daji, ramukan saukowa bazai kasance kusa da mita 1.5 ba. Ramin da nisa daga ramukan saukowa ya zama akalla 50 cm a fadin da zurfin. Yana da muhimmanci cewa wannan nisa ya zama 5 cm ya fi girma fiye da girma daga tushen tsarin ko suturawa sutura.
Wannan shine bayanin cewa gwangwani na iya samar da ƙarin matakai na tushen, wanda a cikin hunturu ba tare da murfin ƙasa ba zai iya daskare.
Dole ne a hadu da rami a cikin rami ta hanyar kara dashi na humus gauraye da takin da yashi zuwa kasan. Don mai kyau rooting, zai zama mai kyau don ƙara ma'adinai na ma'adinai zuwa kasa (misali, 30 grams na superphosphate da 20 grams na potassium phosphate).
An dasa shuki ta hanyar sakawa ta tsaye na seedling a cikin rami dasa tare da rarraba rarraba tushen tsarin a kasa. Sapling an rufe shi da ƙasa, yana yada kowane lakabi da sauri don kada yunkuri ba su samuwa kuma ƙasa ta rufe tushen tsarin.
Video: yadda za a shuka gooseberries Bayan dasa shuki, yana da daraja yankewa kadan, yana barin 4-5 girma a kan kowane reshe. A ƙarshen seedling, wajibi ne a zubar da ruwa guda daya da ruwa da kuma bayan an shayar da ruwa sosai, a kamata a ci gaba da zartar da filin saukarwa tare da ganye, hay ko sawdust.
Tushen kulawa na yanayi
Don ci gaba mai kyau da kuma girbi mai yawa, inji yana buƙatar kulawa, wanda ya ƙunshi saurin watering, kula da ƙasa da hadewar lokaci, kazalika da pruning shekara-shekara, wanda ya ba da ƙarfin guzuri don tsira da sanyi.
Watering
Arid da zafi zafi yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiyar irin waɗannan lokutan girma kamar furanni, saitunan 'ya'yan itace da kayan girbi.
Yana da muhimmanci! 2-3 makonni kafin girbi, m da m watering ya kamata a kauce masa, kamar yadda dandano da kuma ingancin berries rage daga wuce haddi danshi.
Wajibi ne don gudanar da ruwan sha a kalla sau ɗaya a mako, kuma ba kyawawa ba ne don moisten da harbe da ganye. Ana yin watering ne kawai a cikin zagaye na kusa kusa da tsaka a adadin guga 1 ga kowane daji. Idan lokacin rani yana tare da ruwan sama sosai, ba a buƙatar watering ba.
Kula kula
Tsaida cuta, fitarwa daga kwari da tabbatar da yawan amfanin gandun daji na iya kula da ƙasa.
Yana nufin irin waɗannan ayyuka:
- kasar gona ta rabu - dole ne a yi wannan biki sau biyu a wata tare da tafiyar da hankali don kiyaye matsala ga tushen tsarin;
- ci gaba - yana da muhimmanci don yin shi tare da loosening;
- mulching - Dole ne a gudanar da aikin bayan kowane ban ruwa don adana ruwan ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.
Top dressing
Yin amfani da kayan aiki na zamani zai saturate kasar gona tare da abubuwan gina jiki wajibi don ci gaba da kayan abinci. Ya kamata a gudanar da ciyarwar shekara kowace shekara a jerin masu biyowa:
- A farkon spring humus aka kawo a karkashin shrub kamar ciyawa.
- A ƙarshen bazara, ma'adinai (a cikin nau'i na ammonium nitrate a cikin adadin 20 g da 1 sq. M) ko kayan magani na nitrogen (a cikin nau'i na tsuntsaye ko taki, ya kamata a kara shi a ƙasa a cikin zagaye na kusa kamar ruwa na tsawon kwanaki).
- A ƙarshen Yuni, lokacin da furanni zai kasance a mataki na karshe, dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani phosphorus-potassium (superphosphate ko potassium phosphate) a cikin adadin 20 g da 1 sq. m don kyakkyawan tsari na ovaries.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don tabbatar da girbi mai girma a kakar wasa ta gaba, ba zai yiwu a bar ragowar girbi na yanzu akan rassan daji ba.
- A farkon rabin watan Yuli, ana iya zubar da ƙasa mai sauƙi tare da nitrogen-magnesium taki (magnesium nitrate) don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa (a cikin adadin 20 g da 10 l na ruwa).
- A cikin farkon rabin kakar kaka, dole ne a hadu da daji tare da nau'in kilogram na superphosphate da 20 grams na potassium phosphate don tabbatar da babban matakin hunturu.
Safa na sama kamar yadda tsarin ya tsara zai haifar da yanayin mafi kyau don kyakkyawan fruiting.
Pruning
Za a taimaka wa pruning shekara-shekara don kauce wa overgrowing da ƙananan bishiyoyi kuma ya ba da siffar da ya dace. Dukkanin rassan daji, rassan rassan, da wadanda ke da alamun alamun cutar za a iya cire su.
Mun bada shawara cewa kayi sanarda kanka tare da hanyoyin da za a yanke gooseberries, da kuma lokacin da za a yanke gooseberries a cikin fall.
Ana iya yin gyaran furewa a farkon lokacin bazara, har sai toho ya karya, ko a ƙarshen kaka, pruning 2/3 na dukan tsoffin rassan a matakin ƙasa. Irin wannan biki zai sake sake daji kuma ya ba da sabon rai.
Video: Guzberi Pruning
Ajiyar sanyi mai sanyi
Don kare shuka daga aikin daskarewa zai taimaka matakai mai sauƙi. Dole ne shirin ya fara a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da yawancin zazzabi na yau da kullum ya sauko ƙasa 0 ° C.
A mataki na farko, dole ne a zubar da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin gandun daji tare da 5-6 buckets na ruwa don samar da cajin sanyi. A mataki na gaba, rassan daji ya kamata a rusa ƙasa sannan kuma a gyara shi tare da kwando, yayin da yake da muhimmanci cewa rassan ba su karya duka a ƙasa ba.
Mataki na uku shi ne mulching ƙasa a kusa da shuka: kada ku zama mai kasa da 7 cm Idan iska zazzabi ta sauko da ƙasa 15 ° C, ana iya ƙarar Layer zuwa 20 cm. .
Yana da muhimmanci! Don hana ci gaba da kwarewar da kodan da kuma daskarewa daga marigayi sanyi a farkon spring, dole ne a cire dukkan mafaka.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma rashin amfani da iri-iri
Goozberi "Beryl" yana da amfani da rashin amfani.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da ita sun hada da:
- sanyi juriya;
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- haske mai dandano 'ya'yan itacen.
- low juriya na iri-iri zuwa irin wannan cututtuka kamar powdery mildew, downy mildew;
- mai yiwuwa iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar kwari irin su launi mai launin fata da launin fure-fure.
Ganye shi ne mashahuriyar Berry, wanda shine babban amfani ga jiki. A iri-iri na guzberi "Beryl" yana da dama abũbuwan amfãni a kwatanta da wasu kuma yana da yanayin unpretentious shuka. 
Babban girman da kuma dandano na berries yana samar da wannan iri-iri tare da babban shahara.Bugu da ƙari, amfani da guzberi berries ne bambancin kuma zai yiwu a daban-daban spheres na aikin ɗan adam.
Bayani daga cibiyar sadarwa
