Maple na dogon lokaci yana a matsayin wuri mai daraja a cikin tsire-tsire masu ganye. Wannan itace itace mai tsayi mai mahimmanci da siffar kambi na ban mamaki da kuma sassaka ganye. Hanyar girma maiple daga tsaba ana yin ba kawai tsakanin masu sana'a ba, wannan taron baya haifar da matsala har ma don farawa.
Za a iya yin kowane nau'i na maple daga zuriyar
A cikin duniya akwai kimanin nau'i nau'i 150 na maple. Saboda haka, da farko kana buƙatar yanke shawara irin irin itace da kake son noma. Kasashen gida mafi yawancin irin su Arewacin Amirka ne. Mafi yawan iri-iri iri iri ne da aka samu a gabashin Kanada, har ma a yankin Great Lavrentyev Lakes.
Yawancin nau'ikan iri iri suna yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings ko ta hanyar grafting, kuma kawai 'yan iri ne manufa don dasa shuki tsaba. Banda shi ne Maple Maple, girma da kuma kiwo a ko'ina, Duk da haka, sabili da tattara taro na parasitic butterflies a kanta, wannan itace an gane a matsayin mai cike daji a kasashe da dama.
Bincike bayanin da yafi dacewa da nau'ikan maple, wato: ja, Jafananci, kullun, Flamingo, Manchu
Saboda haka, don amfanin gona da tsaba iri iri masu dacewa sune dacewa:
- mai gamsarwa;
- Ginnala;
- greenish
- Tatar.
Hakanan zaka iya samo albarkatu a cikin gandun daji na kaka a cikin tarihin bishiyoyi a ƙarƙashin itatuwa. Domin kada ku rasa cikin bincike don makomar kayan gaba don dasawa, kuna buƙatar samun ra'ayi game da bayyanar tsaba. Wannan ladabi ne mai kyau biyu. 'Ya'yan itace sun ƙunshi sassa biyu, kowanne ɗayan yana a cikin hatsi guda ɗaya tare da babban toho. Fruiting shuka a shekara da yawa.
Shin kuna sani? Yi nazarin shahararrun sanyaya "Jack Daniels" ɗauke ta cikin gawayi na Maple Maple. Wannan fasaha ana kiranta tsarin Lincoln.
Zabi wani wuri a kan shafin
Nan gaba ya kamata ku yanke shawarar akan shafin inda kake shirya dasa shukar shuka mai ban mamaki. Yanayin da yafi dacewa don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna bude wurare masu zafi. Idan babu yankin hasken haskakawa a cikin farkon shekarun rai, an iya izinin inuwa mai haske.
Game da kasar gona, yana da kyau cewa yana da kyau da kuma lalata. Saboda haka, kafin a dasa shuki kasar gona ya kamata a sassauta, ta sa shi kama. Bugu da ƙari, an bada shawara ga takin ƙasa mai gona tare da karamin adadin yashi, peat da humus.
Duk lokacin kakar, irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna murna da ku tare da ci gaba da ado: Mai watsa shiri, Badan, astilba, geykher, hellebore, stonecrop, viola, tradescantia.
Idan ruwa na ruwa yana gudana a kusa da gonar gonarka, to sai a kwantar da layin yashi mai tsabta na mita 10 zuwa kasa na rami, yaduwa ko yumbu mai yalwa tare da kauri na kimanin 15 cm. Lafiya zai inganta ingantaccen ruwa mai tsafta.
Tsarin iri
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin watan Agustan, sun fada a cikin fall, kuma suna fara bazara a cikin bazara. Dangane da waɗannan haɗuwar yanayi, wajibi ne don aiwatar da tsauri. Yi la'akari da nuances na sanyi da hade dabaru.
Karanta game da amfani da maple da maple sap a magani na gargajiya.
Cold
Hanyar Stratification ("ƙaddamarwa") ba ka damar samun matakan shuka kayan kayan. Ma'anar yanayin sanyi shi ne kula da yanayin hibernation a cikin wani yanayi mara kyau, bayan abin da shuka a yanayi ya fara girma. Hanyar ya dace da yawancin iri iri. Amurka, Yaren mutanen Norway, Jafananci, manyan yadu da sukari, sukari da wasu jinsunan ja suna shayewa a cikin hunturu, kuma tare da zuwan zafi zasu haifar da harbe.
Dukkanin hatsi da aka sama a sama an sanya a cikin ƙasa a cikin kaka ko a watan Disamba. Idan itacenku yana da zaki a cikin bazara ko Yuni, dole ne a yi shuka a cikin ƙasa. Idan kayi shirin shuka hatsi a filin bude, yi amfani da yanayin sanyi don kwanaki 90-120 kafin zuwan mummunan sanyi.
Kusa da Maple zaka iya shuka chestnut, rowan, Pine, spruce da ornamental shrubs.
Saboda haka, ci gaba zuwa "sanyi" mai sanyi:
- Ƙara kintsin gashin tsuntsaye da vermiculite cikin kananan jaka na zik din. Don hana hawan shiga cikin naman gwari, yi shi a cikin safofin yada yuwuwa kuma amfani da kayan tsabta mai tsabta.
- Don rage kayan dasawa kaɗan, zuba a cikin 'yan saukad da ruwa.
- Idan kuna so, za ku iya ƙara wasu fungicide. Wannan zai kare tsaba daga lalacewa. Don hana tsire-tsire daga tsinkaye akan wani fungicide, ƙara kadan daga wannan abu.
- Yada tsaba a cikin fakitoci (20-30 samfurori kowace). Domin ƙara cire cire iska daga kunshin, a hankali sannu da shi da dabino. A rufe kullun a hankali.
- Mun isa a lokacin da ake tsinkayen tsaba. Don haka, dole ne a ajiye tsaba a cikin firiji a zafin jiki na 1-5 ° C. Wannan shine yawan zafin jiki wanda ke inganta yaduwar tsaba daga yawancin nau'in.
- Kowace rana 8-15, duba jaka don condensate, mold ko wasu abubuwan da ba a so.
- Ka ajiye jaka a firiji don kwanaki 40-120. Don amfanin gona mafi yawancin iri yana karbar kwanaki 90 zuwa 120. Kalmar furtaccen tsaba a kwanaki 40 yana da rarity - yana da mahimmanci ne kawai ga manyan-saƙa da sauran siffofin.
- Da zarar hatsi suka fara farawa, cire jaka daga firiji.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ana samun suturawa a cikin jaka tare da kayan kayan dasa, sauka tura shi don ba da izinin ruwa a cikin ruwa. Yi hankali a cire jakar a gefe guda kuma yardar da gurasar rigar ta bushe. Idan hatsi, akasin haka, sun bushe, ƙara 1-2 saukad da ruwa zuwa jaka. Kuma idan kun ga wasu alamu na gyaran, zaɓi da sake sakewa shafi zaki.
Warm da sanyi
Don ƙwayoyin da suke da wuyar gaske su yi girma, ana amfani da hanyar "exfoliation" (dumi da sanyi). Halin wannan hanya yana da tasirin tasiri akan shuka kayan aikin sanyi da rashin yanayin zafi. Wannan fasaha yana buƙatar dutse da iri na Asiya. Rubutun, ƙididdigewa da iri iri iri sun fara fitowa kuma suna buƙatar karin kulawa. Wannan ya shafi mafi yawan sauran nau'in daga Asiya, har ma da dutsen da dutse. Dukkanin wannan rukuni ya fara a cikin kaka ko lokacin hunturu. Kawai kawai a cikin ƙasa, tsaba zasu iya shukawa bayan shekaru.
Yawancin irin wadannan nau'o'in suna da nau'in kwalliya mai tsabta wanda ke buƙatar wasu aiki. Ma'aikata masu sana'a sukan sa "yanke" a kan pericarp, wanda hakan ya inganta karuwar harbe. Yin aiki da tushe na iri (gaba da reshe) tare da karamin fayil zai taimaka (dakatar da nan da nan, da zarar ka isa tushe, dan kadan buɗe harsashi). Bugu da ƙari, an yi shi ne don yada kayan dasa a hydrogen peroxide na tsawon sa'o'i, bayan haka an wanke su sosai. Ko kuma zaka iya yin zaki a cikin ruwan dumi na rana daya.
Karanta yadda za ka yi girma a cikin gida (abutilon).
Don ci gaba da yalwata da harsashi mai kyau kuma tada amfrayo, jiji da tsaba na wata daya ko biyu a dakin dumi (a zafin jiki na 20-30 ºC). Ba daidai ba a cikin lokaci da aka haɗu da rashin nazarin binciken da aka yi nazari a kan tsaba na kowane nau'i na maple.
Gaba kuma, ƙaddamar da hatsi zuwa sanyi "delamination". Don yin wannan, dole ne a kunshi kayan dasawa a cikin jaka a filastik tare da zik din (game da kifaye 20 na kifaye a cikin kowannensu), yin karamin kintsin gado ko kuma sauran kayan ado mafi girma wanda ke inganta germination. Canja wurin kunshin zuwa firiji. Kowace makonni biyu, duba shafuka don haka babu alamomi ko ƙirar ciki.
Yawancin iri suna buƙatar aƙalla 90 da kuma iyakar ranakun 180 zuwa germinate.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku yi tsammanin kowane ɗayan zai iya shukawa. Ayyuka na nuna cewa germinates kawai 20% na krylatok.
Seed germination a cikin ƙasa
Zaka iya fara shuka seedlings daga tsaba a cikin tire a cikin gida ko shuka su a waje bayan da aka juyawa sanyi.
Idan kana so ka kare shuka daga matsala ta yanayi, gano dalilin da ya sa kake buƙatar cinye ƙasa.
A ciki
A cikin yanayi mara kyau (a ciki), an dasa hatsi a cikin ɗakuna zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm tare da fuka-fuki sama. Idan a nan gaba ba ku sa ran tsayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, to, kuna buƙatar kiyaye nesa na akalla mita biyu tsakanin seedlings. Duk da haka, har yanzu ya fi dacewa don dasa shukar launi a kusa da nesa - za ku sami zarafi don zaɓar mafi kyawun samfurori kuma ku dasa su a waje. Ya kamata a shayar da hatsi da aka shuka. A nan gaba, tabbatar da cewa kasar gona tana ci gaba da yin rigakafi.
Harbe ya kamata ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 14-20 daga lokacin dasa. Ka tuna cewa maple yayi girma a cikin sannu-sannu: ta watan Satumba, tsawo na harbe zai zama 20-40 cm, kuma a farkon shekara ta rayuwa wani matashi na shuka zai iya kai har zuwa 50-80 cm a tsawo.
Shin kuna sani? Maple Leaf a kan tutar Kanada yana nufin hadin kan al'umma. Asali, maple leaf ya nuna dukkan 'ya'yan ƙaura.
A titin
Yi amfani da wannan hanya na iri iri iri na tsaba, inda aka dasa su a waje a cikin kaka. A wannan yanayin, tsaba na dukan kakar hunturu suna cikin yanayin yanayi na kusa, kuma a cikin bazara suna fara farawa. Duk da haka, saboda tsananin hawan sanyi ko hunturu maras sanyi, ƙwayar kayan dasawa a nan zai kasance da ɗan ƙasa.
Dangane da girman seedlings, za'a iya dasa su zuwa wuri mai dadi bayan shekaru 1-3. Lokacin da dasa shuki guda daya, tsakanin su ya zama mita 2-4. Idan kuka dasa shukar shinge, za a iya rage nisa zuwa mita 1.5-2.
Don samuwar shinge ya dace da tsire-tsire irin su: farin turf, calinifolia, aronia, spirey, lilac.
Gasa yana faruwa a cikin rami da aka fara da digo kusan 70 cm zurfi kuma akalla rabin mita fadi. Abin da ke cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance kama da maɓallin da aka yi amfani da shi don shuka amfanin gona. Zai fi dacewa don ƙara ƙwayoyin taki zuwa ƙasa, misali, takin ko humus.
A kasan rami ya zuba rufin a cikin tudu, a saman "zauna" seedling, ya daidaita tushen sa. Sa'an nan kuma zuba ƙasa a irin wannan hanya cewa wuyan wuyansa ba shi da zurfi fiye da 5 cm karkashin ƙasa.
Bayan irin shuka germination, kara kula da seedlings ba musamman wuya.
Don inganta maple kuma kai tsaye cikin ci gaba a hanya madaidaiciya, gano duk siffofin pruning a spring, kaka da kuma rani.
Ƙarin kula
Kodayake ana ganin itace mai mahimmanci amfanin gona mai ban sha'awa, ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kulawa da wasu kulawa. Kulawa yana cikin ban ruwa na zamani da haɗuwa da ƙasa, kawar da ƙananan bishiyoyi na ganyayyaki da kuma sauran hanyoyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don kawar da duk wani matsala ga samar da ruwa ko iska zuwa rhizome, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, cike da ƙwayar ciyawa kuma ya sassauta ƙasa a cikin gandun daji.
Wannan al'ada sau da yawa yana jure wa ruwan sama, amma saboda kyau da haske daga inuwa na foliage dole ne a shayar da shi sosai. Yad da itace ba da wuya, amma a hankali, don haka kasar gona ba ta bushe ba. A lokacin zafi zafi, kimanin 2-3 buckets na ruwa ya kamata a zuba a karkashin kowace seedling da matasa daji. A cikin kaka da lokacin bazara, ana iya yin irri na ruwa akai-akai - sau ɗaya a wata.
Idan a cikin aiwatar da dasa shuki ba ka yi amfani da taki ko maida hankali ba, to, a cikin Maris-Afrilu na shekara mai zuwa ya zama dole don ciyar da bishiyoyi da superphosphate, gishiri mai potassium da urea.
A lokacin rani, takin shuka tare da kantin Kemira Universal. (100 g da mita 1) ko kowane kayan ado mai ban sha'awa wanda aka yi nufi don amfanin gona.
A lokacin zafi, ƙananan bishiyoyi sun fi dacewa pritenyat da zasu taimaka kare kullin daga hasken rana mai haske.
Mafi yawan maple cutar ne powdery mildew. Domin kawar da shi, ana iya yadu itace tare da masu fatar jiki; Topaz da Fundazol suna dauke da mafi tasiri.
Maple goyon baya ya hada da cire daga rassan dried da kuma rassan da aka lalace. Tare da zuwan frosts wanda ba a taba ba, yanke rassan rassan shekara (godiya ga matasa harbe, kambi zai iya farfado da kansa, kuma rassan zasu sami lokaci don samun karfi da jure yanayin zafi).
Har zuwa lokacin lokacin da fari na fari ya yi, ya kamata a sa kananan bishiyoyi a gefen rhizome tare da rassan bishiyoyin coniferous ko wasu kayan rufewa. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suke girma kadan, ba za su bukaci tsari ba kuma za su fi sauƙi don jure wa yanayin yanayi.
Shin kuna sani? A wasu yankuna na Japan Maple ganyegasashe a cikin man fetur, bauta wa shahara abun ci abinci Kwayoyin da aka tattara daga itace sun nace game da shekara guda a gurasar gishiri. Mataki na karshe shine rufe ganye tare da zafin gishiri, shirya bisa ga girke-girke na musamman, da kuma gasa zurfin soyayyen.
Kamar yadda ka gani, maple - wannan itace mai sauki a cikin kulawa, wadda za ka iya shuka a kan gonarka. Maple yana da kyau sosai a lokacin rani, lokacin da aka canza jikinta zuwa launin rawaya da duhu. Yayinda yake aiwatar da dukkan hanyoyin da ake buƙata, kuma itace mai dadi zai yi girma sosai kuma reshe.
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