"Kusoshi na Buddha", duwatsun duck, azurfa apricot, malam buɗe ido fuka-fuki - karkashin irin waɗannan sunayen da aka ambata ginkgo biloba a cikin littafin farko na magungunan magani, wanda ya fi shekaru 5,000. Wannan itace mai ban mamaki da tarihin ban mamaki: Ginkgo ya wanzu a duniyar tun daga zamanin dinosaur, kuma tun daga baya bai canza bayyanarsa ba. Yana da jerin jerin manyan shuke-shuke guda biyar mafi kyau a duniya, wata magunguna ce mai ban mamaki da kuma kayan ado mai ban sha'awa. A kan kyawawan kaddarorin ginkgo da ka'idojin noma, bari mu kara magana.
Tarihin tarihi
Ginkgo bilobako ginkgo bilobed (Ginkgo Biloba), shi ne kawai a halin yanzu wakilin wakilin jinsuna Ginkgo. An shuka shuka a matsayin relic da cututtuka, wato, wani tsire-tsire daga tsohuwar yanayi, irin jinsuna wadanda suka mutu daruruwan dubban shekaru da suka wuce. 
Wadannan tsire-tsire suna kuma kira masu isarwa, saboda an bayyana lafiyar su ta hanyar rabu da su daga wakilan juyin halitta masu ci gaba.
Shin kuna sani? Ginkgo tare da wasu tsire-tsire da dabbobi ana kiransa da kalmar da ake amfani da su "masu rayuwa mai ma'adanai". Abin ban mamaki shine, kullun da aka saba da shi, dabbobin marsupial, wasu hazari, sequoias, horsetails da wasu ƙananan jinsin da aka sani sune cikin ma'adanai masu rai. Masana sun ce tsawon rayuwan jinsuna sun bambanta a cikin 'yan shekaru miliyan. Wadannan nau'o'in suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin da ba a canza ba har tsawon daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru! Alal misali, wasu magungunan ruwa basu canza yanayin su kimanin shekaru 380 ba.
Wannan nau'in ya bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata. A cikin jinsin jinsunan (zamanin Jurassic), akwai fiye da nau'i 15, amma yanzu kawai Ginkgo bilobed an kiyaye su.
Bayanan Botanical
Ginkgo biloba mai girma ne, mai yawan gaske, itace mai girma. Zai iya kai daga mita 15 zuwa 40 a tsawo. A cikin shekaru 10-20 na farko yana girma a hankali, yana da kambi na zane-zane. Bugu da ari, wannan alama ta ɓace, kuma itacen ya zama fadi, tare da tsawo yada rassan. Bayan shekaru 10, tsire-tsire ya kai kimanin mita 12.
Ana fentin ganye a cikin inuwa mai haske, mai launin fan-fan, mai tsayi, fata da sinewy. A cikin kaka, sun zama rawaya na zinariya. Tsarin tushen shine karfi, zurfi. Tsofaffin wakilai na iya haifar da ciyayi mai zurfi a kan ginshiƙan da ƙananan rassan rassan, wanda zai iya isa mita daya a tsawon. Amma manufar wadannan growths har yanzu ana fahimta. 
Lokacin flowering yana kan Mayu. Bayan pollination na mace fure, yellow plum-dimbin yawa 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kafa, wanda kama kwayoyi rufe tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na m da fleshy ɓangaren litattafan almara. Yana haifar da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa saboda ƙaddarar ƙwayar butyric acid. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sunyi sauri kuma suna cika filin a kusa da wariyar wariyar launin fata. Ginkgo ya samo asali tare da taimakon ciyayi da tsaba.
Yada
Yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a kafa wane yanki ne ainihin gida na wannan nau'in. An san cewa a cikin daji ana iya samun shuka a wasu sassa na kasar Sin. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a zamanin da, ginkgo a kan yanki na yau da kullum Rasha kamar yadda talakawa itace kamar yadda yake yanzu na linden, maples, da Birch.
Babu shakka duk itatuwan ginkgo, banda galibi a kasar Sin, sune yanayi ne na wucin gadi. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire don dalilai na ado, kazalika da gyara shimfidar wuri. Ginkgo yana da tsayayya zuwa turbaya da gas, mai tsayayya zuwa radiation. Bugu da ƙari, inji yana da dogon lokaci - yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 1000 har ma fiye.
Muna bada shawara ku karanta game da yanayin rayuwa na bishiyoyi.
Chemical abun da ke ciki na itace
Wood yana da ƙwayar sinadarai na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da antioxidants masu karfi da sauran abubuwa masu aiki, wato:
- flavonoids;
- Organic acid;
- kakin zuma;
- mai da kuma mai mai muhimmanci;
- sitaci da sukari;
- sunadarai (kamar yadda aka hade zuwa legumes na gina jiki);
- bitamin (A, C, E, PP);
- resin.
Irin wannan abun da ke da mahimmanci kuma yana samar da shuka tare da tsawon shekaru na rayuwa da kuma cikakken jimiri ga yanayin muhalli. Don haka, ginkgo "ya tsira daga" ragowar meteorites, da kankarar, da fashewar atomatik da kuma ci gaba da yawan gurɓataccen muhalli saboda aikin ɗan adam.Magungunan magani
Ko da a zamanin da na Sin, sun fahimci yadda ake amfani da wannan shuka shine don warkar da cututtuka. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani dashi don:
- daidaituwa na ƙwayar jini;
- ƙarfafawa da fadada jini (tasirin angioprotective);
- daidaituwa na hangen nesa;
- rage yawan tsufa na kyallen takalma (sakamakon antioxidant);
- yana hana spasms (amma idan spasm ya zo, baya cire su);
- inganta aikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya;
- normalizes cutar jini da kuma zuciya zuciya;
- ya hana yin kwakwalwa na plats cholesterol;
- rage jini danko da kuma inganta abun da ke ciki;
- inganta jinin jini.
Shin kuna sani? Don samun 450 g na cirewar wannan shuka, kana buƙatar sarrafa har zuwa 35 kilogiram na ginkgo ganye!
Nazarin likita
Bar da 'ya'yan itatuwa na shuka ana amfani dashi don dalilai na magani. Ginkgo foliage an gane shi a matsayin kayan aikin magani na kayan gargajiya a kasashen Turai, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa don shirya magunguna a Japan, Koriya da Sin.
Daga wadannan sassa an shirya wani tsantsa, wadda za a iya amfani dasu don irin wannan cututtuka:
- lalacewar kafa ta tsarin kwayar halitta;
- cin zarafi na ƙwayar jiki (don kawar da tinnitus, tunanin ladabi, rage hankali, dauki da ƙwaƙwalwa);
- a cikin hatsarin hatsarin cututtuka na cerebrovascular - bugun jini;
- hangen nesa;
- tari;
- fuka;
- bayyanuwar rashin lafiyar;
- cututtuka na halittu (tare da manufar rage jinkirin metastasis, detoxification da toning na kyallen takarda);
- ciwon jiji na kwayoyin halitta (jijiyar ji, tinnitus, dizziness, cuta na kayan aiki).
Bugu da ƙari, cirewar ginkgo da shirye-shiryen da aka danganta shi an fi amfani dashi da yawa saboda cututtuka da cututtuka suka haifar: rashin jini da ƙwayar lymphat, vasoconstriction ko vasospasm, ƙarancin jini, haɓakar jini, rashin jinin jini da sauran pathologies.Ginkgo yana taimakawa wajen kawar da wadannan cututtuka, saboda cutar ta koma. Hannun cututtukan da ginkgo zasu iya hana su ne cututtukan zuciya da bugun jini.
Tincture na ganye
Don shirye-shiryen kayayyakin aiki zasu buƙaci:
- 100 g of raw kayan;
- 1 lita na barasa (40%).
Dole ne a riƙa kula da ciya a wuri mai duhu don makonni 2, ya kamata a girgiza ƙarfin yau da kullum. A ƙarshen lokacin, ƙin miyagun ƙwayoyi da adana cikin firiji. Hanyar magani yana da wata daya, a wannan shekara yana da muhimmanci don gudanar da kwarewa 3. 
Ɗauki tincture don shawarar 15 saukad da shi, a cikin rabin gilashin ruwa. Sha da safe da maraice, minti 30 kafin abinci. Babu iyakokin haihuwa don maganin tincture, duk da haka, shawarwarin likita ya zama dole kafin kula da yara da matasa.
An yi amfani da wannan kayan don kawar da ketare na jini. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi waje zuwa fatar jiki: irin sauti irin wannan, yana wanke kuma ya sake fatar fata.
Tea
Gudgo shayi na ganye yana da tasiri mai kyau a jikin jiki. Yana da ƙarfin ƙarfafa aikin kwakwalwa, inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, maida hankali, ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, rage ƙumburi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sauke kayan kayan shayi na shayi zai iya zama sau ɗaya kawai, saboda lokacin da aka sake amfani da shi, ginkgo ya rasa dukkan dukiyoyi masu amfani.
Har ila yau, shayi ne mai diuretic, antiviral da decongestant.
Tare da tsarin shayi na ko wane wata, ana iya lura da ingantaccen aiki a duk tsarin jiki. Bayan wannan lokacin, dole ne ka dakatar da makonni biyu, sannan ka ɗauki samfurin. Idan za ta yiwu, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin wannan abincin tare da shayi mai duhu da kore shayi, da kofi.
Don yin shayi kana buƙatar amfani da ruwa mai buro, amma ba ruwan zafi mai zafi! Bada ruwa don kwantar da 80 ° C. Zuba 1 tsp. raw gilashin ruwa, bar zuwa infuse na 5 da minti. 
Contraindications da yiwuwar cutar
Gaba ɗaya, ginkgo yana da tsire-tsire mai inganci, mai amfani da shi wanda kawai zai iya haifar da tashin zuciya, rashin ciwon kai ko ciwon kai.
Contraindications don shan ginkgo samfurori kayayyakin ne:
- lokacin ciki, lactation;
- shekarun yara (har zuwa shekaru 16);
- kafin aikin tiyata;
- a yayin da ake shan magunguna don rage dan dan jini;
- a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin kumburi a ciki;
- matsanancin hankali.
Girmawa
Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, ginkgo shine tsire-tsire masu tsin-tsire ga yanayin yanayin muhalli. Saboda haka, ya yi aiki tare da rashin haske, sanyi, da kuma mummunar tasiri a cikin birane. 
Itacen ba yana buƙata akan karatun ƙasa ba dangane da pH da zafi. Saboda haka, ko da wani mai son zai iya girma wani itace mai ban sha'awa a cikin shirinsa.
Hakanan zaka iya yin ado da kyawawan bishiyoyi kamar: jan maple, maple, da fata, da willow, Birch, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hornbeam, ko poplar pyramidal.
Zaɓi da haske
Idan ka yanke shawara don samun mutumin kirki mai dadewa, abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne yanke shawara akan wurin saukowa. Gaskiyar ita ce, itacen yana da matukar damuwa ga dashi, yana da dogon lokaci ya dauki tushe kuma ya dace da sabon wuri, ya ragu a girma ko ya tsaya girma a kowane shekaru.
Domin ba a bada shawarar dasa itace ba, yana da kyau a zabi kafin zaɓi yanki mafi dacewa. Shafin yana da isasshen haske da danshi, amma kasar gona ba za ta kasance mai zurfi ba (misali, idan akwai ruwa na ruwa mai kusa da farfajiyar, yana da kyau ya ƙi irin wannan shafin tasowa).
Shuka da kiwo
Za a iya dasa itacen daga tsaba da aka girbe, da tushe ko tsire-tsire.
- Dasa harbe. Harbe ya kamata a shirya a ƙarshen Yuni, kana buƙatar zaɓar don samar da ƙananan matasan, kore, har yanzu rassan rassan. An wanke su daga ƙananan ganyayyaki, sunyi amfani da kwayoyi "Kornevin", "Heteroauxin" ko kuma sunyi kama da ci gaba da tsarin tushen. Don dasa shuki cutuka zabi wani substrate daga cakuda peat da yashi. Kuna buƙatar shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tsire-tsire, a kai a kai tsawon watanni 1-1.5 don tsaftacewa tare da fure. A cikin rami za'a iya dasa shi zuwa wuri na dindindin.
- Dasa tsaba. Lokacin da dasa shuki tsaba duba sakamakon zai zama sauri. Noma fara da stratification - iri shuka a cikin wani na kowa ganga a farkon spring. Sand za a iya dauka a matsayin ƙasa. An dasa tsaba a zurfin 5-7 cm, akwatin yana rufe fim kuma an sanya shi cikin wuri mai duhu don wata daya. Bayan wannan lokacin, zai yiwu a ga sprouts har zuwa 7 cm. Saukowa akan wuri na dindindin yana faruwa bayan ragowar frosts. Ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan har yanzu suna kula da hasken rana, don haka a farkon suna bukatar inuwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Shafin ya kamata ya zama mai yawa, saboda ginkgo a cikin shekarun da suka gabata ya riga ya isa alamar mita 10.
Kwayoyin ba sa bukatar kulawa ta musamman ko ciyarwa. Suna buƙatar a shayar da su a kai a kai, sako, sun kare daga rana mai zafi a farkon.
Wintering
Kodayake ginkgo yana da tsayayyar yanayin zafi, yanayin sanyi mai tsanani bai zama wanda ba a so ba don wannan bako, musamman ma a farkon shekara ta rayuwa. Sabili da haka, tare da farkon hunturu, dole ne a bincika tsire-tsire a hankali, a sanya shi a cikin akwati cike da yashi kuma ya bar har sai bazara a wuri mai duhu.
Bisa ga binciken da ake yi game da lambu, za mu iya cewa cewa acclimatized da kuma saba da ginkgo cikakken tsayayya karfi, short frosts. A lokuta da yawa, shuka ya tsira daga nasara tare da alamar -40 ° C a kan ma'aunin zafi da zafi, idan akwai mai kyau snow cover. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a shuka wannan hanta tsawon lokaci ko da a cikin yankuna da matsanancin yanayi.
Flowering da fruiting
Ginkgo itatuwa suna rarraba mata da maza, amma ba za ka iya sanin wane tsire kake da shi ba har sai farkon flowering. Amma zaka iya tsammani siffar itace: itatuwan namiji sun fi tsayi kuma sun fi yawa. Tsarin bishiyoyi na furanni haske mai launin rawaya ko furanni.
Lokacin flowering yana farawa a cikin marigayi marigayi. Ka tuna cewa zai yiwu a ga furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa na mace ba a baya ba sai bayan kai shekaru 30. 
Ana samun ganye a cikin kakar girma, da kuma 'ya'yan itace - bayan na farko sanyi. An yi imanin cewa za a iya samo amfanin mafi girma daga ganye da aka tattara a cikin kaka.
Ya kamata a bushe kayan aikin gona a cikin tanda a zafin jiki na 40-50 ° C, adana a cikin gilashin gilashi a cikin duhu. Daga wannan shiri za ku iya yin shayi, tinctures da tinctures don amfanin waje da na ciki.
Za a iya yin taya daga: ceri, hibiscus, catalpa, safflower, cloudberries, lavender, Mint da lemon balm.
Kwaro da cututtuka
Wani muhimmin siffar wannan shuka shi ne rashin kwari da cututtuka ga cutar. A wani ɓangare, wannan ya nuna tsawon rayuwansa da kuma canzawar yanayin duniya na tsawon miliyoyin shekaru. Halin hatsari na shuka zai iya kasancewa mice, wanda ke so ya cinye kan haushi na wani itace.
Ko da shuke-shuke mai shekaru 10 zai iya sha wahala daga rodents, saboda haka dole ne a kiyaye kullun su. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da ƙwanƙwashin gangar jikin zuwa tsawo na har zuwa mita. Wormwood za a iya sanya shi a karkashin masana'anta. Wannan hanya tana da lafiya, baya buƙatar yin amfani da poisons kuma yana da tasiri sosai, saboda mice ba su yarda da wari na wormwood ba. 
Ginkgo biloba mai girma ne, mai girma, tsohon wakilin flora, wanda shine ƙarfin yin girma ga kowa a cikin gida ko a shafin. Ana amfani da kayan ado da kayan kiwon lafiya ta hanya mai mahimmanci a cikin wannan shuka, ta bayyana yadda ya ke amfani dashi tsawon dubban shekaru.
