Zemklunika Kupchikha ya bayyana a shafuka kusan shekaru biyu da suka gabata. An gabatar da nau'ikan daban-daban ga Rajistar Jiha a cikin 2017, amma a cikin dan kankanin lokaci sanannen samfurin ya riga ya bazu ko'ina cikin Rasha, kasashe makwabta da yanar gizo. Akwai bidiyo da yawa, labarai da sharhi da aka sadaukar domin wannan nau'ikan. Tsarin zaɓi na gida ya sami nasarar lashe zuciyar yawancin lambu tare da halaye na musamman.
Asalin da iri-iri
An samu matar dan kasuwa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na babban lambun itace da turancin Turai, wanda kuma ake kira high strawberries, strawberries na ainihi har ma da strawberries mai nutsuwa. Sakamakon wani yanki ne mai cike da shinge. A lokacin furanni, wannan itacen yana da matukar kyau: bouquet of snow-white furanni ya tashi sama da mai yawa da ciyawar lush. Wataƙila, don irin wannan kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa, iri-iri ana kiranta 'yar Mace.
Bambancin Kasuwanci yana tabbatar da sunanta da kyawawan furanni
Lambar mallakar wannan nau'in mallakar Jami'ar Noma ta Bryansk ce da Cibiyar Dukiyar Rasha na Ma'aikatar Noma da Nursery (FGBNU VSTISP). Dangane da Rajista ta Jiha, an amince da samfurin don narkar a dukkan yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha.
Bayanin Mace Yar 'yar kasuwa
Daji na Merchant yana da sihiri, mai kamshi, 20-30 cm tsayi .. Ganyen an zagaye shi, an rufe shi da shimfida mai santsi. A gefuna akwai hakora masu girma da kuzari. Kowane ganye yana kunshe da lobes uku, petiole na tsakiya ya fi tsayi a gefen layin gefe.
Siffofin halayyar desan kwastomomi daban-daban: nau'in siffa na ganye da ɗaure a kansu, ganye mai launin fari, daji na daji
A ganyayyaki, an nuna sakaci a cikin ganyayyaki, amma petioles an rufe su da yawan gashi da aka shafa a kasa. Gashin-baki na 'yar kwastomomi ba su da girma, suna da matsakaici a girma, suna da launin ja. Kuma wannan nau'ikan yana da kyauta sosai don berries, har ma da shekaru na farko suna ba da tsararru 10, kowane yana da berries 10.
Bidiyo: Kasuwanci a shekara ta farko bayan sauka
Ta hanyar balaga kwanakin zemklunik yana nufin tsakiyar-kakar. Kwanan farkon tattarawa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da kuma yankin namo, a tsakiyar layin yana faɗuwa a farkon Yuli. Berries na farko sune mafi girma, har zuwa 6 cm tsayi, matsakaicin matsakaici - 3 cm, nauyi - 3.7 g, matsakaici - 17 g, duk da haka, yan lambu ma sun karɓi mafi girma - 20-30 g kowane. Daga ɗayan daji, zaku iya tattara 500 g na berries. Siffar su elongated, oblate, wasu berries kama da scapula.
Berriesan fari na farko suna da yawa, ba za su dace ba
A saman cikakke berries ne duhu ja tare da m tint, jiki ne ja, dan kadan succulent. Dandano yana da daɗi, ba tare da ɓacin rai ba, amma ba mai yawan zafin rana ba, akwai ƙanshin strawberry mai haske. 'Yar kwadagon ta sami mafi kyawun dandanawa - maki 5. Berry yana da dadi kuma a lokaci guda mai yawa, an adana shi sosai kuma yana jurewa da sufuri. A iri-iri ne dan kadan shafi kwari da cututtuka. 'Yar kasuwa tana da tsayayyar fari da wuya zuwa sanyi.
Saukowa daga dredging m
Yawan amfanin ƙasa na kowane irin amfanin gona ya dogara da ingancin kayan shuka da kuma wane wuri da zaku sanya wa sabbin mazaunan shafin ku. Gashi ƙasa kuma yana da mahimmanci. Talauci a cikin ƙasa, yana buƙatar ƙarin takin gargajiya.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Yana da al'ada a zaɓi wurin rana don amfanin gona na berry, amma Merchant na iya girma a cikin inuwa m. Maƙwabta tare da yaduwar bishiyoyi ko itacen apple ba zai cutar da ita ba, akasin haka, wani sashi na ranar da za a kare ciyayi mai daci daga zafin rana. A irin wannan yanayin, da berries girma cikin dogon, amma girma ya fi girma.
Sayar da Kasuwanci a wurare mara kyau na iska inda ƙasa ba ta bushewa na dogon lokaci bayan narkewar dusar ƙanƙara ko ruwan sama ba a yarda. A cikin damp, har ma a kan cutar-resistant M, da fungi na launin toka rot, fararen ko launin ruwan kasa spotting iya shirya. Bugu da kari, idan kun dasa kananan tsire-tsire bayan dankali ko tumatir, akwai damar kamuwa da su tare da latti. Guji ƙauyen tare da raspberries, dredges suna da cututtuka iri ɗaya da kwari.
Sau da yawa don strawberries suna gina gadaje tare da allon da aka yi da allon ko bulo.
Shuka kwanakin, shirye-shiryen ƙasa da shuka
Dredges gashin-baki daga nasu gadaje za a iya dasa dukan dumi lokacin: daga bazara, kamar yadda ƙasa thaws, kuma har zuwa kaka. Babban abu shine cewa suna da lokaci don sauka kafin sanyi na farko. Ka ajiye seedlings da aka sayo a cikin shagon a farkon bazara a kan sanyi da taga mai haske sill na lokacin, har sai dawowar frosts ya daina. An adana waɗannan tsirrai a cikin ginshiki ko a cikin firiji a yanayin daskarewa a cikin hunturu; ba a daidaita su da yanayin tituna, musamman, don canjin yanayin. Wataƙila za su mutu a daskare na farko.
Needsasa a ƙarƙashin gado mai 'yar itace, ana buƙatar haƙa, a baya ana watsar da buladi 1-2 na humus ko takin da gilashin 2 na ash akan 1 m² na ƙasar. Zai zama da amfani ga ruwa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate (1 g da lita 10 na ruwa) ko kuma sulfate jan karfe (100 g da lita 10 na ruwa). Don haka kun lalata ƙasa daga cututtukan fungal.
Sanya seedlings tare da buɗe tushen tsarin a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 2-3, tare da rufewar - ruwa mai yalwa. Ana iya bi da shi da ƙwayoyin tsoka: ƙura Tushen tare da tushen foda, fesa kafin ko bayan dasawa tare da maganin epin (1 ml a cikin 5 l na ruwa).
Bidiyo: abubuwanda ke dasa shuki a gona
Tsarin aiki da dokokin ƙasa
Shuka wata mace mai ciniki bisa ga tsarin cm 50x50. Shekarar farko na gadajen dasa shuki ba komai bane, don haka ana iya dasa shuki tare da tafarnuwa, albasa, dill, faski, wake, letas, radishes, marigold ko ƙananan marigolds.
Saukowa
- Yi rami daidai da girman asalin sa.
- Sanya seedling a cikin rami, daidaita asalin sa. Idan kun sayi dredger a cikin kofuna, wannan shine, tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar, sannan a watsa shi da kwanciyar hankali, tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa, ba tare da ɓata tushen ba.
- Cika Tushen don duk petioles tare da ganye da wata zuciya (koda a tsakiyar daji) kasance a farfajiya. Tam da ƙasa a hankali.
- A gefen daji tare da baya na dabino ko sikelin, yi tsagi 3-5 cm zurfi kuma shayar dashi. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku cika zuciyar ba, ba za ta ja kan datti ba.
- Mataki da ruwa rami. Rufe duka ƙasar a cikin lambu tare da ciyawa daga rotted sawd, hay ko bushe ciyawa yanke.
Zemklunika da aka dasa daidai: zukatansu basu cika duniya ba, duk saman gado an rufe shi da ciyawa domin kiyaye danshi
Kula da Kasuwanci
Za'a iya dasa shukar gona a wuri guda domin babu tsawan shekaru 4. A cikin shekaru, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari suna tarawa a cikin ƙasa, bushes ɗin ya bushe, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa da sauri. Amma har zuwa wannan lokacin, Merchant za ta gamshi tare da wadataccen girbi, musamman idan kun samar mata da kyakkyawan kulawa.
Watering da ciyar
'Yar kasuwa ta jure zafi, amma ba fari. Fi dacewa, kasar gona karkashin ciyawa yakamata a kasance da danshi koyaushe. A cikin zafi, yana da kyau a shayar da ganyen. Yayyafa ne kawai aka haramta a lokacin loda da ripening na berries. A wannan matakin, don kada ya tsokane fashewar launin toka, ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe. A karkashin daji guda, ciyar da lita 1-2 na ruwa. Shayar da shi duk lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe a ƙarƙashin bushes. A ƙarshen bazara da damina, lokacin damana ta fara, babu buƙatar ruwa. Ana buƙatar cajin pre-hunturu na ruwa kawai idan babu ruwan sama, adadinta ya ninka sau 1.5 fiye da yadda aka saba.
Tsarin bushewar ruwa zai taimaka wajen magance matsalar magudanar ruwa ta yau da kullun.
Matsakaicin hadi ya dogara da abin da ƙasa yake a yankin ku. Idan mace ta kasuwanci ta girma da kyau: bushes su ne tsayi, mai yawa, ganye suna girma, kore mai duhu, sannan manyan riguna hudu sun isa ga kakar:
- A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan tha ƙasa: 50 g da urea da lita 10 na ruwa ko 1-2 tbsp. l ruwa ammoniya da lita 10. Kuna iya amfani da takaddun takaddun da aka kirkira musamman don strawberries da strawberries: Gummi-Omi, Fertika, BioGumus, da dai sauransu.
- A lokacin rani, a lokacin furanni: 50 g nitroammophoski da 10 l na ruwa ko jiko na nettles da weeds (diluted a cikin rabo na 1: 5 tare da ruwa, da gilashin ash a guga). Ko kuma maimaita saman miya tare da hadaddun takin.
- Bayan mun girbe, maimaita miya ta gabata.
- A farkon watan Agusta, lokacin da aka dage farawar fure na fure na shekara mai zuwa, fesa ko ruwa cikin ganyayyaki tare da maganin urea (50 g da 10 l).
Duk wani 'ya'yan itace da al'adun Berry a lokacin furanni yana amsawa ga ciyar da boron. Narke 2 g na boric acid a cikin lita 1 na ruwa da fesa dredges gwargwadon launinsu.
Dukkanin rigunan na sama na sama na iya zama foliar, wato, ba za ku iya jin tsoron shigowar su cikin ganyayyaki ba. Amfani da kowane daji - 0.5-1 l. Idan Kasuwancinku ya yi ƙasa da talauci, ganyayyaki su ƙanana, bushes ƙanƙane, petioles na bakin ciki ne, to sai a ciyar da takin zamani kowane ranakun 10-14 har tsirrai ta fara faranta muku rai lafiya.
Bidiyo: ciyawar kore da taki kore taki
Cutar da kwari
Bushes na Matar na iya yin rauni ba kawai saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki ba, sau da yawa ya haifar da cututtuka da kwari. Abubuwan da suka fi yawan alamu sune: aibobi akan ganye, gefuna gewaye, ganyayyaki ya bushe, ganyayyaki sun faɗi, berries bushe ko lalacewa, tsire-tsire a bayan waɗanda ke da ƙoshin lafiya.
Tebur: mafi yawan cututtuka da kwari da strawberries da strawberries
| Cutar / kwaro | Bayanin | Hanyar gwagwarmaya |
| Haske launin ruwan kasa | Abubuwan launuka masu launin launin shuɗi daban-daban da girma dabam suna bayyana tsakanin jijiyoyin ganye. | Dukkanin cututtukan guda uku sune fungal, saboda haka ana bi da su daidai:
|
| Haske fari | Ganyen an rufe shi da aibi zagaye na fararen launi tare da iyakar ja ko launin shuɗi. | |
| Grey rot | Ruwan launi mai launin toka ya bayyana a kan berries, naman da ke ƙarƙashinsa ya zama mai ruwa da launin ruwan kasa. | |
| Strawberry Rasberi Weevil | Ana iya gane waɗannan ƙwayoyin ta hanyar proboscis mai tsayi, wanda ake kira rostrum. Karin kwari sun fito daga cikin hunturu, ku ci ganye, mata. Mace yayyafa buds, sa kowace kwai. Petiole a gindi na toho, sun ɗanɗana. Na farko buds sha wahala, daga wanda mafi girma berries iya girma. A larvae ci away da abinda ke ciki, da buds bushe fitar da crumble. |
|
| Strawberry mite | A kwari suna ƙanana, ba bayyane ga ido, don haka kasancewarsu ana iya tantance shi ta yanayin strawberries:
A lokacin dumin yanayi, 4-6an shekaru 6 na dusar ƙanƙara na iya girma. |
|
Hoton hoto: cututtuka da kwari masu haɗari ga Kasuwanci
- Yawancin ganye suna juya launin ruwan kasa kuma sun mutu, wanda ke nufin dredger ba shi da lafiya da launin ruwan kasa
- Zagaye fararen farin da iyaka mai haske - alama ce ta farin tabo
- Idan berries an rufe shi da farin kwalliya mai laushi, kuma a karkashinta suke juya launin ruwan kasa da lalacewa, inji kuwa tana lalata launin toka
- Weevil bayan barin wintering yana cin 'yan ganye
- A buds tare da weevil larvae a ciki rataye, kamar dai a kan kirtani, bushe da crumble
- Duk alamun lalacewar mite: ganye masu ganye suna karkatarwa, daɗaɗa, suna da launin shuɗi, tumatir ƙanana da bushe. Hakanan a daji akwai fararen fari
Idan yawancin bushes ke cutar da cututtuka da kwari, to, bayan girbi, yanka gonar gaba ɗaya, yana barin zukata kawai. Ku ƙone ganye, kuma ku magance dredges da kwayoyi daga cututtuka da kwari, ciyar da su. Ta hanyar kaka, sababbin kyawawan bushes za su yi girma.
Daukana berries
Dredgers masu girbi suna girbe a matakai da yawa, kowane kwanaki 1-2. Kasuwancin yana da ciyawa mai yawa, ba ta gudana, ba ya shafawa, ana iya jigilar shi, ana ajiye shi a cikin firiji, har ma da yawan zafin jiki a cikin kwanaki har zuwa 5. Berries na wannan iri-iri suna daɗaɗaɗɗen sabo, ana shafa su da sukari kuma ana ci tare da kirim, an haɗa su da ice cream kuma ana yin ado da kayan lambu. Yawan amfanin gona masu daskarewa, bushe, jam, 'ya'yan itaciyar stewed, an shirya shirye-shiryen' ya'yan itace. Ita ma ‘yar kwadago ta dace da aikin giya. Yana samar da kayan ƙanshi mai ƙanshi da tinctures, barasa da kuma hadaddiyar giyar.
Bidiyo: game da hatsarori da fa'idodin strawberries
Tsara don hunturu
Ko ya zama dole tsari don 'yar kwastomomi don hunturu ya dogara da yankin da ta girma. A hunturu hardiness na iri-iri ne matsakaici, wanda ke nufin cewa a cikin m da dusar ƙanƙanuwa winters da bushes iya mutuwa. Babu bukatar damuwa game da matsuguni idan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a yankin ku da sanyin sanyi mai zafi da ke zuwa (ƙasa -20⁰С).
Kyakkyawan kariya daga sanyi shine rassan spruce. Za ka iya har yanzu shirya rassan rassan Birch, Maple, ceri tsuntsu, Aspen, da dai sauransu a lokacin rani .. msarin dill, rasberi, harbe bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi da aka samu bayan an gama dacewa. Da yawa suna amfani da agrofibre, ana ɗaure su da yawa. Babban abu shine tsari ya wuce iska kuma baya juyawa cikin gonar. A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, duk wuce haddi daga buƙatar dredging yana buƙatar cirewa, kuma dole ne a saki ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da ciyawa mai kyau.
Zemklunika an rufe shi da wani tsiro don hunturu - wannan zai adana shuka a cikin tsananin sanyi
Reviews game da matasan Kasuwanci
Zemkulnik Kupchikha da aka dasa a bazara na ƙarshe ya shuka ni, mai yawa berries, mai daɗi sosai, amma abu ɗaya - an shafa fiye da wasu tare da launin toka. Dandano yana da daɗi, ba tare da sukari ba kuma ba tare da acidity ba, ba ruwa, saboda haka yana da kyau sufuri da adanawa. A berries ne manya-manyan.
Tanchika//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t30958.html
Matar dan kasuwa ya kamata a saka ta a SHADOW. A rana, komai na bushewa da lalacewa, amma zai tafi compote ... A cikin inuwa, komai ya girma da dunƙule, babba (har zuwa 25 g) mai dadi.
Glavbuhsha//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t30958.html
100% pollinated, dandani mai girma, baya taɓa yin rashin lafiya, baya daskarewa, baya da ban sha'awa ga ticks, Berry ba ya bushe ko da a cikin ruwan sama. Ya juya don karɓar bishiyar mahalli ba tare da wani magani ba. A yau na kirga yawan shinge a cikin shekaru biyu, ingantaccen daji. Ya juya 29 !!! Kuma duk tare da berries. Friendaya daga cikin aboki yana da shinge 40 a kowane daji. Zan kalli wannan daji, Ina so in lissafa ainihin yawan aiki. A bara, ya busar da berries, sannan a niƙa su da bushewar a kan niƙar kofi, a ƙara shayi na hunturu da kukan shayi. Kamshi kawai bam ne !!!. Babu wani da na saba strawberry ko strawberry iri ba irin wannan dandano.
Tezier//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11716
Yana da kyau sosai idan rukunin desan Kasuwancin yayi fure - fararen fararen furannin fure ne, kuma duk ya dace da berry - daban-daban masu girma, amma har yanzu yana da sauƙi kuma mafi dacewa don tara shi fiye da, misali, ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa - a can yawanci na yanke inflorescences sannan in dauko su ... Berries Kasuwanci ba su gudana, sun fi bushe a tsari, ko da yake lokacin da kuka ciji, naman ya fi kyau daɗi.
Luda Avina//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11716
Ana iya kiran kasuwa mai ma'ana iri-iri don mai laushi. Idan an dasa dredge a cikin ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa, a kan rukunin yanar gizon da ke da iska mai kyau kuma ya daɗe da rana, to, an kula da rage ruwa da kuma cire gashin baki. Tare da ƙarancin saka hannun jari na ƙoƙari da lokaci, amfanin gona yana ƙaruwa mai yawa, berries suna da ƙanshi da ƙanshi.
