Masu kiwon kwarewa da masu tasowa suna da masaniya don magance ƙudan zuma waɗanda ke nuna yawan ƙimar zuma a duk shekara. Wannan yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar ka zaɓa domin kiwo mai maƙirari mai kyau, mai kyau a cikin kiwo da kuma tsayayya ga yanayin hawan dutse. Irin nauyin kudancin ƙudan zuma ya cika da waɗannan ka'idoji, don haka za mu kara tattauna abubuwan da suka dace da siffofi.
Bayani da hoto
Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun bambanta nau'o'in halitta hudu ko jinsi na zuma ƙudan zuma. Karnik yana daya daga cikinsu. Ya bayyana a lardin Austrian na Krajna a karni na sha tara, yanzu shine ƙasar Slovenia.
A wannan lokacin, nau'in ya yadu a ko'ina cikin duniya, ta hanyar zabar da yawa daga cikin nau'o'in da aka samu. Kwanancin Italiyanci da Cypriot sun rinjayi jinsi.
Duk da haka, babban amfani da karnik - kwantar da hankula sosai - ya kasance canzawa. Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun ce mahaifa shine tsutsa ko da lokacin da suke riƙe da filayen tare da shi a hannunsu. 
Kudan zuma yana da matsakaici a cikin girman, launin toka a launi, jeri yana daga 100 zuwa 230 milligrams. A wata rana mahaifa zai iya ajiye har zuwa ƙwai dubu biyu, wanda ya nuna kyakkyawan fataccen nau'in nau'in.
Ƙudan zuma tattara zuma lokacin da furanni na farko suka bayyana, gama aiki a ƙarshen lokacin rani kuma aiki a kowane yanayi. Saboda haka, alamun kyaututtuka mai kyau na zuma, wanda ya kai har zuwa kilo 60 na iyali.
Yayinda yake kwatanta nau'in kudancin karnik, ya kamata a lura cewa yana jure yanayin sauyin yanayi kuma yana da kyau sosai, yana ba da abinci kaɗan. A lokacin hunturu, iyalin suna cinta fiye da kilo shida. Ciwon yana da tsayayya ga cutar da kuma bayan hunturu a cikin hive akwai ɗan ƙaramin biyayya.
Abubuwan halaye
Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun bred da kuma kiyaye wannan nau'in na ƙarni. Wadannan suna da ƙudan zuma masu ƙyan zuma waɗanda suke tattara mai yawa zuma kuma basu da lafiya. Duk da haka, kowane irin kudan zuma yana da riba da kuma fursunoni. Bari mu samo su a Karnik, kuma sun kasance sun fi kusa da masaniyar tseren.
Koyi dukkan asirin kudan zuma.
Bayyanar
Karnik yana nufin ƙwayar launin fata, babban launi na jikinta shine launin toka. Wasu lokuta a kan fararen farko akwai rawaya rawaya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda giciye karnik tare da kudancin Italiyanci.
A kwari pubescence ne takaice, lokacin farin ciki da kuma silvery. Uterus, a matsayin mai mulkin, baƙar fata ne, amma wani lokaci maciji. Irin wannan nau'in yana da tsayi fiye da sauran, proboscis, wanda ke tsiro har zuwa milimita bakwai. 
Godiya ga wannan, mutum zai iya tattara kullun ko da a cikin wuraren da ba a iya kaiwa ba. Kudan zuma na aiki kadan fiye da miliyoyin miligrams, mahaifa ya kai kimanin ɗari biyu, nauyin kuma ya kai ɗari biyu da talatin. Girman kudan zuma yana nufin nau'in nau'i.
Yawan aiki
Wasu beekeepers lura high royality karnik; wasu, akasin haka, sun yi iƙirari cewa ba ya wanzu. Ana duba bita daban daban a wurare daban-daban na wannan irin.
Kila za ku so ku san dalilin da ya sa, lokacin da kuma yadda ƙudan zuma yake.Don haka, a Serbia, halayyar ta kasance mai girma, kuma a cikin Romania, Transcarpathia da Australia ba a lura da su ba. Sabili da haka, ana iya bayyana cewa tseren tseren ya dogara ne da yanayin da yake samuwa da kuma babban bambancin kwayoyin halitta.
Bugu da} ari, masana sun ce ko da akwai alamu na swarming, yana da sauƙin dakatarwa. Don yin wannan, kawai kuna buƙatar saka wasu ƙira a cikin hive don samar da ƙudan zuma tare da aiki.
Shin kuna sani? A lokacin rana, kudan zuma zai iya tashi a kusa da kadada goma sha biyu na ƙasar, tattara kwakwalwa.
Kayyadewar kwayoyin halitta
Karnik ƙudan zuma ba su da karfi. Idan dan dangin ya shiga cikin hive, duk zuriya sun rasa dukkan halayen kirki ba tare da motsi zuwa sabon nau'i ba. Sai kawai mafi kyawun ingancin zai iya zama, kuma wannan shi ne ainihin kwantar da hankali na irin.
Saboda haka, masanan sun bada shawarar bazaro a cikin guda ɗaya.
Progeny ci gaba
Tsarin zuriya karnik fara farawa tare da bayyanar farko na pollen kuma yayi girma a baya fiye da wasu nau'in. Saboda haka, a tsakiyar watan Mayu, ƙarfin damuwa yana girma.
Kudan zuma a kowace rana yana da nauyin qwai dubu biyu kuma wannan tsari ya ci gaba har sai akwai pollen. Bayan haka, iyalin ya daina girma kuma saboda haka za'a iya sarrafa lambarta. Gidaran iyali tare da karamin abun ciki, sabili da haka yana cin abinci mai yawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Masana sun ce idan mahaifa na kudan zuma na Krajina yana dauke tare da drones na Italiyanci, wannan zai bunkasa ƙarfin ƙarfi da adadin zuma.
Canjin juyi
Ga ƙudan zuma na karnik, sauyi mai juyayi na kudan zuma-mace ne mai kyau, yayin da suke samar da fiye da biyu kwayoyin Sarauniya. Saboda haka, iyalin suna godiya ga sarauniya. Duk wannan yana faruwa ne a hanyar halitta, ba tare da damuwa da rayuwar hive ba.
Ayyukan
Wani karin bayani a cikin wannan nau'in kudan zuma yana ba ka damar tara nectar a kan tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, har ma tare da karamin abun ciki na sukari. Suna aiki sosai a cikin manyan yankuna da kuma kananan cin hanci.
Iyali suna haɗuwa da tarin zuma daga gwanin jan. Saboda yaduwar yara da sauri, wadannan kwari suna aiki sosai ko da a farkon tsire-tsire na zuma.
Halin kwayoyin halittar Karnik shine cewa an kafa shi a yanayin sauyin dutse, saboda haka yanayin sanyi bai da kyau a gare shi.
Bayan kammala cin hanci da rashawa a lokacin rani, mahaifa ya ɓatar da tsutsa. Wannan shi ne saboda iyalin farawa da wuri don shirya don hunturu kuma ya ƙayyade bayarwa na nectar da pollen.
Daya daga cikin siffofin karnik kudan zuma shine rashin amsawa ga matsalolin waje. Wannan abu ne mai kyau ga mai kula da kudan zuma wanda baya buƙatar hayaƙi da kariya, musamman ma a cikin manyan kwalliya. 
Shin kuna sani? Iyakar iyalin kudan zuma na hamsin mutum dubu hamsin.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Kudan zuma Krajina ya bambanta da kanta kamar cikakkiyar natsuwa da rashin rashin jin daɗi. Wannan ya sa ya zama sanannun ga abun ciki a duk wuraren da ake kira apiaries.
Ba ya buƙatar kudade masu yawa a game da abinci, yana cinye shi a lokacin hunturu kadan. Tsanani yana da mahimmanci a cikinta, da sauyin yanayi a cikin yanayi ya dace da shi kuma saboda haka yawan amfanin zuma a cikin apiary yana da yawa.
Masu lura da kudan zuma sun lura cewa bayan bayyanar ƙudan zuma na wannan nau'in a cikin apiary, girbi na zuma ya girma da kusan kashi talatin.
Har ila yau, ba kamar wasu nau'in nau'in kudan zuma ba, karnik yana kula da sufuri sosai. Yayin tafiya, yawan zafin jiki a cikin hive ya tashi kuma kusan dukkanin nau'in kudan zuma sunyi haƙuri da wannan mummunar. Kudancin Krajina a wannan batu shine banda, mutane suna nuna damuwa sosai.
Karanta kuma game da nau'o'i daban-daban: Dadana, Alpine, Varre, multicase, "Boa", tsakiya, ɗakin kwana.An bambanta kwayoyin ta hanyar ƙananan yanayi, tun lokacin da mahaifa ke saka har zuwa ƙwai dubu biyu a kowace rana. Suna girma da sauri, sabili da haka ta wurin lokacin girma mafi girma shine damuwa ya rigaya karfi.
Akwai kyakkyawan daidaituwa na wannan nau'in a filin kuma kyakkyawan daidaituwa. Saboda haka, ƙudan zuma ba su tashi zuwa cikin asibitocin mutane ba kuma suna kiyaye kariya.Girma yana da matukar damuwa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Tare da kulawa da kyau da yanayin hawan sanyi, ƙudan zuma bazai sha wahala daga acarapidosis, ciwon ƙwayar cuta, da sauran ƙoshin lafiya.
Daga ƙananan ƙananan ƙudan zuma za a iya lura da swarming. Amma ko da tare da kudan zuma mai kyau, yana yiwuwa a lokuta masu ban sha'awa. Kowace wannan tseren kusan ba sa samar da propolis.
Wadansu sunyi la'akari da wannan mummunan, kuma wasu, a akasin haka, a matsayin kubuta daga tsabtatawa mai tsabta. Har ila yau, wannan jinsin ba ya son wani sanyi mai tsawo da matsananci.
Idan an jinkirta, haifa zai fara farawa. Saboda wannan, karin abinci zai tafi kuma damuwa zai zama ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan hunturu ya yi rigar da kuma tsawo, a shirye don gaskiyar cewa akwai yiwuwar cututtukan kudancin Krainsky da Nosema. Wannan abu ne mai wuya, amma yana faruwa.
Yanayin Ilimin
Karnik irin ƙudan zuma yana da kyau a kowane yanki. Amma mafi yawan abin da suke so su zauna kusa da clover da kuma rapeseed filayen. Idan heather, buckwheat ko sunflower ke tsiro kusa, kwararru sun bada shawarar wasu kwari.
Ƙudan zuma ba sa da lafiya, idan ka bi tsarki na asali. Duk da cewa Kudancin Krainskaya kusan ba ya samar da propolis, har yanzu yana kan siffofi a kan katako da ganuwar gidan kudan zuma kuma yana bukatar a cire shi.
Hanya na sakawa na amya a ƙasa zai iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa yayin da ake kula da sauran ƙudan zuma. Saboda kyawawan wurare na filin, karnik zai sami gidansu sauƙin.
Gudanar da ƙwayoyi suna aiki ne a cikin wurare guda biyu, ciki har da inda kudan zuma ke haifar da zuriya. Wannan yana iya tsangwama tare da matasan matasa. Don kauce wa wannan, ana bada shawara don karbar bishiyoyi tare da fadada nesa daga cikin gida don kiwon karnik.
Kodayake ƙudan zuma na wannan nau'i suna da tsayayya ga cututtuka da yawa, lokaci-lokaci kana buƙatar kira ga likitan dabbobi don tabbatar da lafiyar su. 
Idan kuna so ku sami zuma mai yawa a cikin apiary kuma ba ku da sha'awar tsaftacewa da yawa na beehives, kudan zuma na Krajina zai dace da ku. Wannan nau'in yana da wuyar gaske, ba ya da lafiya kuma yana cin abinci kaɗan a cikin hunturu.
Kuma mafi mahimmanci - ba za ku ji tsoro don kusanci gidan kudan zuma ba tare da kayan aiki na kariya ba. Ƙudan zuma suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana da wuya a nuna zalunci.
