Petunia tana nufin wadanda tsire-tsire waɗanda basu buƙatar gabatarwa na musamman. Wannan flower ya dade yana ƙaunar da yawa daga cikin lambu, duka a cikin kasarmu da kuma a duniya. An shuka tsire-tsire a cikin flowerbeds, lawns, balconies da taga sills na fiye da shekaru goma. Kuma wannan ba hatsari ba ne: Petunia ba shi da kyau, yana bunƙasa da sauri kuma yana faranta mana rai mai haske daga farkon lokacin rani zuwa yanayin sanyi. Grandiflora dabbar dabbar ta Petunia ta zama hanya mafi kyau ta ba da karfi ga magunguna masu launin sanyi.
Amma, duk da sauki, ba duk masu aikin gona na gida suna gudanar da shuka shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire ba. Bugu da ƙari, halaye na rayuwar jinsin suna yin gyaran-gyare ga ka'idojin kulawa na wannan furen, wanda ke kai tsaye a kan sakamakon ci gaban shuka. Saboda haka, kafin ka sami wannan furen, kana buƙatar gano abin da aka sani ga Grandiflora petunia, da kuma abin da yake.
Ayyuka da aikace-aikace na ƙungiyar
Grandiflora (grandiflora) Petunia wani tsire-tsire ne mai suna herrencial tare da wani karamin kara. A flower nasa ne a gidan Solanaceae kuma shi ne jinsuna na asali na wurare masu zafi na wurare masu zafi na kudancin Amirka.
Shin kuna sani? An gano Petunia ta masanin kimiyyar Faransa da kuma ɗan Adam Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. A cikin mafi munin abokan gaba na gonar: jerin kayan da aka fi sani a cikin shekara ta 1793, furen ya zo ga masanin kimiyya a matsayin wata herbarium, wadda ta fito daga Uruguay.
Tsawancin petunia mai yawa-flowered yana cikin kewayon 20-40 cm, amma akwai nau'in dake iya kaiwa tsawo na kimanin 60 cm A cikin wannan yanayin, ɗayan zai iya zama ko dai a tsaye, ko kuma kogi. A kan shi an kafa tayakke harbe na koren launi, wanda an rufe shi da gashi. Ganye yana da duka, daban-daban a cikin siffar da girman, an shirya su a kan flower.
Girman girman girman girma shine babbansa, sau da yawa launuka tare da diamita kimanin 10-12 cm. An kafa su ne a kan gajeren pedicels, suna da twoianths biyu kuma zasu iya zama mai sauki ko terry. Su canza launi yana bambanta. Akwai nau'o'in da furanni daga wani inuwa mai haske mai haske mai tsananin launin fata, tare da fenting ko ƙananan alamu. Yawancin lokaci, lokacin flowering na petunias grandiflora yana daga farkon Yuni zuwa farkon farkon yanayin sanyi. Bayan flowering a kan shuka, wanda zai iya lura da bayyanar 'ya'yan itace, daga abin da aka fitar da kananan tsaba bayan maturation.
Har ila yau gano game da girma terry, ampelnoe, cascade petunias
Petunias mai-girma ya cancanta ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wurare na farko da ya dace a tsakanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Hakan ya sanya wannan jinsin ta dace da shi don ya dace da yawan wurare daban-daban, daga wurare masu zafi zuwa yankin arewacin arewa. Ya tashi da godiya ga aiki mai yawa na yawancin kwayoyin halitta don samar da sababbin iri.
Grandflora petunia blooming wani ɓangare na yawancin gadaje masu yawa, rabatok, curbs, balconies da dakuna. Hanyoyin zamani sun yalwata yanayin yanayi na wannan furen, wanda ya sanya yiwuwar petunias yayi girma a cikin adadi kaɗan a cikin kwanduna, kwantena, tukwane, da dai sauransu. Amma na farko, petunias ya zaɓi wurin su a cikin flowerbed, a matsayin mai maye gurbin furanni, ko a cikin wani mixborder (flowerbed tare da iyakokin ƙasashen da ke dauke da tsire-tsire iri daban daban).
Shin kuna sani? FAn kira Petunia a asali Nicotinia axillaris. Amma ba da daɗewa ba an sake shi Petunia axillaris, daga kalma a cikin tsohon harshen Brazilanci "Petun", wanda ke nufin "taba".
Iri
Petunias mai girma-flowered da aka sani ga yawancin iri iri iri fiye da goma. Daga cikin yawan adadin matasan, wasu 'yan iri ne kawai suke jin dadi tsakanin masu aikin lambu. Hybrids suna da mahimmanci na musamman saboda ingantaccen dabi'u da dabi'u na jiki, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a noma petunia ba tare da wahala ba. Mun bayar da taƙaitaccen bayani game da yawancin iri-iri.
Shin kuna sani? Masu shayarwa na zamani sun kawo nau'in petunia, wanda zai iya girma a zafin jiki na -4 ° C. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a fadada fadin kewayo na wannan furen, kuma ya sa ya yarda da furancin ganyayyaki a cikin yanayin yanayi mai sanyi har zuwa farkon farawa.
Petunia Grandiflora "Mafarki": horar da ta Pan American. Tsarin yana nuna yawan ƙarfin yanayin muhalli, ciki har da yanayin rashin zafi. Wannan iri-iri yana hade da jerin nau'in hybrids guda biyar, waɗanda aka bambanta da karamin su, ƙananan ƙananan kuma kyakkyawan jituwa tare da juna. Flowers hybrids yafi farin, ruwan hoda, ja da purple hues.
Petunia Grandiflora "Aladdin": tsire-tsire mai tsayi tare da tsayinsa na nisan 40 da diamita mai tsayi har zuwa 10 cm. Dabbobi sun haɗa da nau'o'in matasan da dama da launin launi a cikin fararen, ruwan hoda, ja da haske mai launi. Hybrids fara fara furanni, amma yanayin flowering yana cigaba har sai da farko da aka fara saukewa cikin zafin jiki. Da iri-iri ne manufa don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, da kuma dasa a cikin wani tukunya.
Petunia Grandiflora "Limbaugh G. P": sabon ƙarni na petunias samfurin daga kamfanin Limbo. Tsire-tsire sun fi dacewa mafi kyau (har zuwa 20 cm a tsawo), amma suna bunƙasa sosai a cikin jagorancin kwance, sakamakon haka an kafa babban yankin daji. Wannan yanayin yana ba ka damar yin amfani da ƙananan tsirrai na tsire-tsire ta mita mita a cikin zane na gadaje. Da iri-iri na daɗewa a kan tsawon lokaci. Yanayin launi yana a cikin kewayon ruwan inuwa mai ruwan haɗi (murjani, kifi). Flowers a diamita ba su wuce 12 cm ba.
Tsarin kansu masu girma
Rarraba yawan rarraba petunias mai yawa ya haifar da rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice game da yadda za'a inganta wannan shuka daga tsaba kuma ko ma ya aikata shi, saboda samun samfurori mai kyau shine tsari mai matukar damuwa. Idan muka tattaro dukkanin "don" da "a kan" data kasance, za mu iya cewa petunia, kodayake furen fure, amma kulawa da noma na seedlings na wannan jinsin ba shine mai sauki ba. A yau za mu yi kokarin bayyana duk asirin wannan hanya da kuma samar da bayanai don haka namo na seedlings ba wuya, har ma ga sabon shiga.
Mafi kyau lokaci
Idan kun kasance lambu mai kwarewa kuma kuna da fasahar fasaha don haskaka petunia seedlings, shuka tsaba don seedlings don kara dasa shuki a bude ƙasa za a iya yi a Fabrairu. Idan ba ku da wannan dama, Tsire-tsire masu girma na wannan flower yakan fara kusa da bazara da zafi.a karo na biyu na watan Maris. Tsarin kulawa na kwanan shuki zai taimaka wajen samun shuka mai kyau, dace da furanni mai tsawo. Idan ana girma furanni don amfanin gida, zai yiwu a shuka tsaba a kowane lokaci na shekara.
Zai zama da amfani a gare ku don ku koyi duk abubuwan da ke tattare da man fetur.
Dama da ƙasa
Don samun seedlings, ƙasa don shuka dole ne sako-sako da, ba m. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa yana da haske kuma yana cikin abin da ya ƙunshi nauyin da ake bukata don gina jiki. Muna ba da shawara ka shirya matashi kamar haka: peat, turf ko ganye ƙasa da kuma juyayi humus an hade shi a daidai sassan, an kara yawan yashi a cikin cakuda (har zuwa 20% na jimlar jimlar).
Wani muhimmin mataki shi ne zabi na iya aiki na germination na iri. Tsarin germination na tsaba na Petunia baya buƙatar manyan kwantena, saboda wannan dalili kananan tashoshi ko gandun daji na musamman sun fi dacewa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kofuna na filastik. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine bi bin doka mai sauki amma mai muhimmanci: don samun grandiflora petunia seedlings, da tsawo daga cikin akwati ya kamata a cikin kewayon 10-15 cm.
Shuka tsaba
Shuka tsaba ana ɗauka kamar haka:
- wanda aka shirya don ƙwaya a cikin ƙasa da yini ɗaya, an ƙaddamar da ƙwayar a cikin akwati na musamman. Bai kamata a cika jirgi ba, a gefe - a wannan mataki dole ne a bar akalla 20% na sararin samaniya na iyawar tashar wutar lantarki duka;
- to, an rage sauran sauran ƙasa a cikin matse mai kyau kuma an zuba a kan babban magungunan, wani Layer na kimanin 1 cm. Dole ne don tsaba suyi girma, ƙaddararsu na karshe sun dogara da shi;
- Petunia tsaba suna hade tare da karamin ɓangare na busassun yashi, bayan haka suna sown a kan ƙasa tattalin a cikin akwati lambu da kuma leveled;
- bayan an gabatar da iri a cikin tankin shuka, dole ne a zuba shi da yalwa kuma an rufe shi da wani fim na gaskiya ko gilashi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a shuka tsaba na Petunia tare da samfur. Dangane da gajeren rana rana a farkon bazara, yawancin sukarin ya rage sau da yawa, sabili da haka ana ba da shawara cewa mahalarta da aka nuna ta masana'antun akan ninka.
Tsarin yanayi
Don samun nasarar ci gaba da shuka tsaba na grandiflora petunias, wajibi ne tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na akalla + 20 ° C. Idan kana da wata dama ta musamman don samar da samfurori masu zuwa gaba da yawan zafin jiki, muna ba da shawarar ka zazzabi tsarin zafin jiki na kimanin + 26-28 ° C. A irin wannan yanayi, tsaba zasuyi girma a cikin 'yan kwanaki, amma a yanayin zafi mai tsanani ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa kasar gona ba ta rasa ruwan danshi, kuma idan ya cancanta, bugu da kari ruwa da maɓallin.
Tsarin abinci
Bayan kimanin mako daya, tsaba suna cike da ƙwayar haske kuma suna fitowa daga gare su. Tun daga wannan lokaci, dole ne a samar da wajibi da haske. Don wannan Zai fi kyau a ɗauka tukunya kusa da taga, zuwa ga asali na haske. Zaka iya amfani da fitilu na musamman don seedlings. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don samar da sprouts tare da kimanin sa'o'i 12 na hasken haske, wannan zai gaggauta saurin sauyawa sau da yawa. Zai fi kyau don samar da hasken da aka watsar da shi, saboda ba za su iya tsayayya da radiation da kuma bushe (musamman ga hasken haske).
Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don samar da matsanancin zafi, saboda haka ana shayar da tsire-tsire kuma ana shayar da su yau da kullum tare da mai karfin hannu. Kada mu manta da cewa yawancin lalacewar zai iya haifar da cututtukan cututtuka, don haka harbe ya buƙaci a yada shi tare da kowane abin da yake faruwa a kan ganuwar fim ko gilashi.
Hardening seedlings
Don shuka seedlings a cikin tukunya ko bude ƙasa lokacin da kai size da ake so ba tare da kafin hardening an tsananin haramta. Saboda gaskiyar cewa shuka ya taso ne a yanayin yanayin zazzabi da damshi, sauƙi mai zafi a cikin zafi da zafi zai haifar da mutuwar furanni. Saboda haka, dole ne suyi horo sosai. Saboda wannan, a cikin kwanaki da yawa, wajibi ne a hankali a rage yawan zazzabi a mazauninsu ga abin da ake buƙata, yayin da yake da muhimmanci don kare seedlings daga zafin rana ta saukowa. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a shirya shuke-shuke don busassun iska na latitude. Don yin wannan, yin amfani da tsire-tsire na yau da kullum a cikin minti kadan zuwa hankali har zuwa sa'o'i da yawa, sannan a cire gaba daya daga cikin kariya.
Dasa seedlings a kan shafin
Bayan 3-4 leaflets samar a kan seedlings, petunias suna shirye don dasa da kula da su a cikin filin bude. Wannan tsari ba shi da wuya ko ma mahimmanci. Duk da haka, akwai asirin da dama da zasu taimaka wajen sauƙaƙe shi, ƙara inganta tasirin tsire-tsire kuma rage girman haɗarin tsire-tsire masu lalata.
Yana da muhimmanci! Fertilizing ƙasa tare da taki kafin dasa shuki petunias ne tsananin haramta. Wannan taki a kusan 100% na lokuta shine dalilin cutar fungal na furanni.
Mafi kyau lokaci
Samar da tsire-tsire na petunia ne kawai lokacin da dukkanin zafin jiki na yau da kullum ya sauko ya kasance a baya. Domin wannan lokaci mafi kyau zai kasance ƙarshen May - farkon Yuni.
Zaɓin wuri
An dasa shuki na petunia a wuraren budewa ba tare da ciyawa ba tare da isasshen hasken rana. Zai fi dacewa da wannan ƙasa mai laushi ko ƙasa mai yashi tare da isasshen ƙwayar haihuwa. A cikin wallafe-wallafe na al'ada, yawanci ana shawarta su wadatar da ƙasa tare da ƙarin kayan abinci tare da taimakon takin mai magani na asalin halitta (takin ko humus). Petunias mai yawa-flowered kada ku jure wa zanesabili da haka, yana da kyau a kula da furanni suna a bayan wani shinge ko shamaki daga wasu tsire-tsire.
Tsari da makirci
Lokaci na yamma ko rana mai duhu suna da kyau don saukowa. kamar yadda hasken rana na hasken rana zai iya lalacewa mai kyau petunia. Don kada ya lalata shuka, dole ne a shayar da kuma yalwata germination substrate kafin cire shi. Dole ne a dauki sapling a hankali: saboda wannan, suna dauke da shi ta hannun ganye, suna ɗauka shi tare da ɓoye kuma cire shi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan cire cirewar daga cikin rassan shuka, an haramta shi sosai don girgiza ƙasa daga asalinsu, saboda wannan zai iya lalata tushen tsarin tushen sprout.
A kan shirye da kuma takin ƙasa na gadon filawa, ƙananan ramuka suna daina sama; nisa tsakanin su bazai zama ƙasa da 15-20 cm ba, idan in ba haka ba shuka ba zai iya samar da kyakkyawan daji na daidai ba. Bayan dasa shuki a kusa da gangar jikin, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar zurfin zurfin ƙasa, wanda zai rike da wajibi mai dacewa kusa da shuka. A ƙarshen tsarin, kana buƙatar zuba ruwa da kyau.
Care Tips
Karuwar petunias abu ne mai sauƙi wanda bai buƙatar kayan aikin fasaha na musamman da ilimin kimiyya ba, amma don cimma furancin tsire-tsire na tsawon lokaci. Yana da muhimmanci a bi wasu dokoki na kulawa. a gare shi.
Har ila yau, don cimma burbushi na tsawon lokaci na man fetur, ana amfani da waɗannan takin mai magani kamar: "Tsarin", HB-101, "Mortar", "Kemira", "BioMaster", "Master", "Plantafol"
Watering
Petunia grandiflora shine jinsin mai laushi.cewa ba za ku yi haƙuri da fari ba, don haka kuna buƙatar ruwa da furanni, yana da mahimmanci a lokacin zafi. Ana gudanar da aikin sau biyu a rana, da safe da maraice. A wasu lokutan busassun lokaci, inji zai gode da ku idan kun ba shi shawaita ko karin danshi tare da kayan lambu. A lokacin lokutan zafi na dare (marigayi Mayu da farkon watan Satumba), ba shi da daraja watering petunia da dare, saboda wannan zai haifar da overcooling da tushen tsarin.
Top dressing
Ganye ba sa bukatar yawan abinci, amma yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa flowering shine tsari wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki. Saboda haka, don cimma iyakar launin launi da kuma ƙara wannan lokacin zuwa yanayin sanyi, ya kamata ka kula da ƙarin ciyarwa. Ga waɗannan dalilai, "aikin gona" cikakke ne ga shuke-shuke, "Aelita-flower" ko analogues. Mai sauƙin potassium nitrate ya tabbatar da kwarai. Dole ne a kiyaye sashi da kuma amfani dashi akai bisa ga umarnin mai sayarwa.
Pruning
Don samun ci gaba mai yawa na sabon furanni a ko'ina cikin dumi, an yi amfani da petunia a kai a kai. Don yin wannan, an cire tsofaffin ƙwayoyin gonar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi da furanni tare da lambun gona ko shears. Idan ana yin furancin fure a yau da kullum, injin zai jefa dukkan ikon da zai samar da tsaba, wanda zai kai ga cikar flowering.
Grandiflora Petunia kyauta ne daga dabi'a da masu shayarwa. Wannan fure mai haske ne, kyakkyawa kuma ba kamar kowane shuka ba. Abin da ya sa ya yi sauri ya lashe gadaje na gida, gandun daji da shinge. Bugu da ƙari, sauƙi a kulawa da yanayin mazaunin, da kuma yawan nau'o'in iri daban-daban suna sa shi dacewa ga kowane mawaki mai furanni.
