Yana da wuyar samun irin wannan mummunan yanayi kuma a lokaci guda kyakkyawan shuka kamar terry petunia. Furen furanni zai jawo hankulan ko da mafi mahimmanci bazawa-ta.
Za su yi ado da kayan ado duk wani kayan ado, kuma yana da sauki a kula da su. Saboda haka, petunias suna ƙaunar da mai sayad da furanni.
Bayani
Petunia wani furen perennial. A yanayi, yana girma a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na kudancin Amirka. Wannan shuka mai sauƙi ya haifar da nau'o'in petunias iri-iri, wanda yanzu suna da kyau a duk faɗin duniya.
Petunia Terry - matasan shekara-shekara, sakamakon sakamakon aiki na shayarwa na karni na sha tara. A furen furanni yana da wuyar gano irin wannan yanayin Terununia tare da dangin Amurka. Ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsayi har zuwa 30 cm a tsawo (akwai 45 cm), an rufe su da furanni masu furanni tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Launin launi yana da bambanci: daga dusar ƙanƙara zuwa zurfi mai zurfi. Yana da tsire-tsire duk lokacin rani da kaka, zuwa sanyi sosai. 
Shin kuna sani? Sunan "petunia" ya fito daga kalmar Brazil "petun", wanda ke nufin "taba". A karkashin wannan sunan a cikin karni na 18, an fara bayanin jigon Petunia, tun da yake ganye suna kama da launin taba..
Mafi kyau iri iri
Za'a iya raba iri-iri na terununia zuwa kashi biyu: manyan-flowered tare da manyan furanni (10 cm ko fiye a diamita) da yawa-dafaɗar da kananan furanni har zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Mafi kyawun su shine:
Angora - high (har zuwa 45 cm) m daji, an rufe shi da lush kyalkyali furanni furanni (7 cm a diamita). Yi farin ciki tare da kyakkyawan fure daga Yuni zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi. Yana da tsayayya ga iska mai karfi da kuma zafi mai zafi. 
Valentine - mai karfi daji har zuwa 40 cm tare da lokacin farin ciki rassan. Tare da manyan furanni na launin salmon da ƙananan furotin yana da kama da launi. Ya yi fure da wuri da kuma tsawon lokaci.
Sonata - low reshe shrub (har zuwa 30 cm) luxuriously yi wa ado da manyan snow-farin lush Terry furanni. Tsuntsaye masu ban mamaki a duk lokacin rani har zuwa watan Satumba, kuma ba zai yiwu ba. 
Pirouette - Wannan shi ne babban irin petunia. A kan ƙananan bishiyoyi har zuwa 35 cm, manyan buds (10-15 cm a diamita) tare da ƙananan takalmin kwalliya suna fitowa da haske. Launi ya bambanta: daga ruwan hoda mai duhu zuwa ja tare da fararren gefe, wanda ya dubi kyakkyawa, tare da sauyawa daga wannan launi zuwa wani. 
Biyu cascade - densely branched bushes 35-38 cm high tare da manyan furanni, har zuwa 13 cm a diamita. Furen Terry suna da furanni da launuka masu launuka: blue blue, burgundy, lavender, kodadde ruwan hoda. Petunia "Double Cascade" Bloom kakar ya zo a makonni baya fiye da wasu. 
Duo - kananan-flowered petunia. Gustovetvistye bushes (35 cm ba ga tsawo) an rufe shi da furanni mai haske (5 cm a diamita) launuka mai haske: daga fari zuwa ja. Ya faru ne na launi guda biyu da launi guda biyu. Bloom duk lokacin rani kuma ba ji tsoron danshi.
Shin kuna sani? Yanayin zamani na petunias zai jure yanayin rashin iska (iska, ruwan sama, fari) fiye da tsofaffi.
Girman petunias daga tsaba
Ko da yake petunia ne shuke-shuke unpretentious, girma seedlings ne quite a painstaking tsari. Ya kamata a fara Fabrairu-Maris, to sai flowering zai fara bisa ga shirin a Mayu-Yuni.
Tsarin shiri
Dole ne a shirya ƙasa a gaba, har ma a cikin fall, daga cakuda da ƙasa na ƙasa, humus da yashi a daidai yawa. Zaka iya saya maɓalli na musamman a cikin shagon. Don haka tsire-tsire ba sa samun cututtukan fungal, dole ne duniya ta kasance lafiya. Don cimma wannan a hanyoyi biyu:
- Yi la'akari da madogarar a cikin griddle ko tanda, cika jita-jita da shi don shuka tsaba da kuma zuba kan potassium permanganate bayani. A cikin rana, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, zai kasance a shirye.
- Zuba ƙasa a cikin akwatin don girma mai girma da kuma zuba ruwa mai zãfi a kanta. Bayan ƙasa ta sanyaya, zaka iya shuka tsaba.
Dukkanin zaɓuɓɓuka suna baka damar kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, musamman, da fungi.Shuka
Petunia tsaba suna ƙananan (a cikin iri iri iri suna drayar), sabili da haka Kada ku dasa su da zurfi kuma ku rufe su da wani kwanciyar hankali na duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗaya, suna yada a kan wuri mai shirya kuma dan kadan gugawa a cikin ƙasa, shayar da stimulant. Top seedlings ya kamata a rufe gilashi ko fim kuma sanya a cikin wani wurin dumi. Yanayin da zazzabi yana da + 20 ... + 23 ° C.
Yana da muhimmanci! Germination na petunia tsaba ne quite high. Amma iri-iri iri suna samar da ƙananan kayan abincin, daga wanda kawai kimanin kashi 25% na seedlings daidai da iri-iri zasu samu. Yawancin lokaci zai kasance mafi raunin da ya fi dacewa. Don tabbatarwa mafi girma, ya fi kyau shuka tsaba da aka saya a kantin kayan sana'a.
Tsarin abinci
Bayan makonni biyu, fararen farko za su bayyana. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata ka cire gilashi ko kuma fina-finai na fim kuma saka akwatin tare da tsirrai a kan wata sill mai haske. Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire kuma a shafe ta a kai a kai da kuma matsakaici, amma don kawai ƙasa ba ta bushe ba kuma ba ta da tsami, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire za su yi rashin lafiya. Idan dakin yana da dumi sosai kuma bai isa ba, sai an kori su. Zaka iya magance yanayin ta hanyar rage yawan zazzabi da ƙara haske, alal misali, tare da taimakon fitilu. Seedlings kuma bukatar ciyar 3-4 sau a wata. Zai iya zama ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, ko da yake ana iya amfani dung din kaza.
Kashe
Bayyanawa a kan tsire-tsire na ganye na gaskiya guda uku alama ce cewa lokaci ya yi don karɓa. Idan dasa shuki ba a cikin tukwane ba, amma a cikin akwati, sa'an nan a nesa kimanin 5 cm. A lokaci guda, kana buƙatar lafa kowane shuka 1/3. Bayan makonni uku, ana buƙatar kumbura a nesa na 6-7 cm. Har ila yau, ya kamata ka sake dashi kowane shuka. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar taƙara, kawo wa titi ko baranda, da hankali ƙara lokacin da aka kashe a cikin iska. A watan Mayu, lokacin da ba a yi sanyi ba, an dasa seedlings a wuri mai dindindin: fure-fure, flowerbed, akwati ko tukwane. Nisa tsakanin su ya zama akalla 25-30 cm, saboda haka akwai isasshen sararin samaniya don bunkasa bushes. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ka rage la'akari da yadda ake amfani da shi. Saboda haka an kafa karamin karfi daji na daidai tsari..
Yadda za a yadad da tsire-tsire na shuka
Tun da yake bai isa damar karba high quality tsaba ba tare da girma daga gare su Terry furanni, Zai fi kyau a kiwo petunia ta hanyar yankan. Saboda haka an ba da matashiyar daji domin ya gaji dukan halaye na mahaifiyar mace kuma zai zama terry petunia.
Koyi duk wasu hanyoyin da ke tattare da kiwo da kuma tsaba.Don yin wannan, daji, wanda zai zama ma'anar kayan hakar, ya kamata a kawo shi cikin ɗakin don hunturu a cikin fall kuma ya samar da yanayin dacewa da shi: haske, sanyi (+ 10 ... 12 ° C) da matsakaici, har ma sparse, watering. A cikin bazara, matasa harbe har zuwa 10 cm tsawo, tare da akalla biyu knots, an yanke daga wannan daji. Tare da su akwai buƙatar ku cire dukkan ganye, sai dai a saman biyu. Tsarin mahimmanci zai taimakawa wajen maganin matsalar jiki, wadda ke buƙatar ka tsayar da cututtukan cuttings. Don rooting, yanke harbe za a iya sanya a cikin kofuna waɗanda kofuna na ruwa, yashi yashi ko sako-sako da ƙasa. Har sai tushen sun bayyana, cuttings na bukatar haske mai yawa da zafi (+ 20 ... + 23 ° C). Kimanin kwanaki bakwai bayan haka, an kafa asalinsu, wanda ke nufin cewa shuka za a iya canja shi zuwa "wurin zama" na dindindin a cikin turfy ground tare da yashi.
Yadda za a kula da karamin petunia
Kula da petunia yana da sauki, amma yana da muhimmanci a yi daidai. Idan wani abu ba daidai bane, injin ya haifar da rashin ƙarfi, ba zai yi fure ba, ko kuma sau da yawa rashin lafiya.
Haskewa
Petunias ƙaunar rana, Saboda haka, dole ne a dasa su a gefen rana ko cikin inuwa. Daidai ya dace da baranda mai fuskantar kudu ko kudu maso yamma. Idan akwai inuwa mai yawa da ƙananan haske, mai tushe ya fita, karin ganye da furanni marasa furanni sun bayyana cewa sun zama marasa kyau.
Yaro ne, carnation, aster, thyme, kararrawa, yaskolka, stonecrop, edelweiss, sage (salvia), geykher da yarrow, da kuma petunia, shuke-shuke da ke da ƙarancin haske, wanda ya dace da rayuwa a bude, wurare masu kyau.
Watering
Terry petunias iya jure wa matsanancin yanayi: fari da waterlogging. Amma don shuka don bunkasa al'ada da kyau, yana buƙatar watering na yau da kullum. Ba za mu iya ba da damar dakatar da ɗakin ba. Wannan zai haifar da lalacewar gizo-gizo. A gefe guda kuma, ruwa ba zai yiwu ba a ƙasa, sabili da haka, asalin zai ci gaba kuma cututtuka daban-daban zasu ci gaba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da yake zafi, safiya da maraice na yaduwa da tsire-tsire masu girma a kan baranda tare da ruwa ne mai kyau na rigakafin gizo-gizo mite.
Taki
Petunia zai yi fure da ci gaba idan an ciyar da shi da magungunan ma'adinai masu mahimmanci, wanda ya ƙunshi mai yawa potassium. Ya kamata a yi amfani da abinci sau biyu a wata duk lokacin da tsire-tsire ta shuka.
Ana cire peduncles
Dole ne a cire matattun ƙananan da aka lalata. Idan kayi izinin ovary ya zama da kuma 'ya'yan itace taso daga gare ta, wannan zai hana majiji daga yawan furanni. Idan an kawar da ovaries a lokaci, sabon furanni zasu yi fure a cikin tsawon flowering.
Kwaro da cututtuka
Sakamakon rashin daidaituwa na petunias shine shan kashi na cututtuka da kwari:
- "Black kafa" - Rashin juyayi, wanda ƙananan ɓangare na kara ya zama mai taushi, duhu, kuma injin ya mutu. Wannan cuta ta nuna kanta mafi sau da yawa a cikin seedlings saboda wadanda ba yarda da dokokin domin shuka tsaba da kuma wuce kima watering na seedlings. Don hana yawan mutuwar seedlings, dole ne ka cire tsirarrun kwayoyin nan da nan tare da dunƙan ƙasa. Wasu ya kamata a bi da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta tare da furotin. Har ila yau wajibi ne don kafa daidai watering don haka ruwa ba zai damu ba a ƙasa.
- Mealy dew - cututtukan fungal da ke rufewa da furanni da furanni tare da fararen fata. Dalilin shine sauyawar canji a cikin zazzabi da zafi. Dole ne a cire matakan da aka shafa a nan da nan daga shuka kuma a bi da su da sulfur.
- Gaskiya chlorosis - rashin ƙarfe a cikin furanni, inda ganye ya juya launin rawaya. Ganye ba ta karɓar shi saboda wani wuce haddi na alli a cikin ƙasa da kuma watering tare da ruwa mai tsanani. Da takin mai magani zai taimaka tare da gaban baƙin ƙarfe.
- Yellow ganye a petunia saboda mummunan zazzabi, rashin dacewa da kwari.
- Gizo-gizo mite - gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wadda take rufe ɗayan ɓangaren ganye tare da launi mai tsabta. Don magance shi, kana buƙatar wanke ganye tare da ruwa, mai tsarfin taba, sulfur ko ƙananan kwari.
- Aphid - ƙananan kwari na kore, launin toka ko launi baki, wanda tozhezhivet a gefen ɓangaren ganye, yana ɗauke da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga cikin ganyayyaki, saboda abin da suka bushe da kuma curl. Zaka iya kawar da aphids tare da taimakon kayan samfurori masu mahimmanci ko bayani na sulfate nicotine (1 g) tare da ruwa mai tsabta (1 l). Wata rana bayan amfani da wannan kayan aiki, dole ne a wanke dukan daji tare da ruwan tsabta.
- Whitefly - wani karamin murmushi mai launin fata, wanda ya sanya larvae a kan ƙananan ganye kuma ya karu da sauri. Ya bayyana a greenhouses da sauran wurare da aka kewaye. Zaka iya hallaka shi kawai tare da taimakon shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da permethrin.
