A ƙarni da yawa, 'yan adam suna aikin gona, suna fada da nau'o'in kwari da cututtukan cututtuka. Wadannan hanyoyi na gwagwarmayar cewa da zarar an taimakawa baya sau da yawa a yau, sannan magungunan qwari sun shiga gwagwarmaya don yawan aiki.
Mene ne magungunan qwari
Magungunan magungunan ƙwayoyi suna haifar da haɗuwa tare da poisons, wanda ba gaskiya ba ne: waɗannan abubuwa ma sun dauki nau'i na masu haifuwa da masu girma. Magungunan kashe qwari sune sunadarai da ake amfani dashi don magance nau'o'in kwari da dama na amfanin gonar lambu, wurare masu tsayi da tsire-tsire a gaba ɗaya. Dole ne a yarda da kowane irin makaman kafin a sake shi zuwa ga jama'a. 
Shin kuna sani? Disamba 3 - Ranar Pesticide ta Duniya.
Babban ɗalibai
Akwai rarrabuwa da magungunan kashe qwari, wanda ya dogara ne akan manufar da ake nufi da sinadaran. Magungunan rukuni na tushen kwayoyin da suke hadawa.
Avicides
Ana amfani da magunguna na wannan rukunin aikin noma don sarrafa tsuntsaye. Ana amfani dasu don tsoratar da tsuntsaye a kan tituna da jiragen sama. Mafi yawan sunadarai sune avitrols da alfachloraloza. 
A cikin ƙananan allurai, waɗannan abubuwa suna da tasirin tsoro ga garken dabbobi saboda zubar da jini da kuma kururuwa daga cikin tsuntsayen da suka yi amfani da kashe-kashen, kuma suna da tasiri mai kama da hankali: tsuntsaye suna barci har tsawon sa'o'i 8-10 suna tsorata wasu da suka gudana. Abin takaici, a yawancin waɗannan abubuwa, waɗanda aka tsara don tsoratar da tsuntsaye, sun zama ma'anar kashe su.
Acaricides
Wadannan sunadarai ne da ke kashe cuts. Kwayoyin magunguna na wannan rukuni sun kasu kashi biyu: ƙananan acaricides da insectoacaricides.
Algaecides
Magunguna na wannan rukunin suna nufin magance ciyayi na ruwa, algae. An yi amfani da shi don tsabtace tafki, canals, tafki. Da asali zai iya zama kwayoyin da roba. 
Shin kuna sani? Copper sulfate, wanda ake amfani dashi don kula da tsire-tsire a matsayin antiseptic da taki, shine mafi yawan algaecide.
Bactericides
Abubuwa da aka tsara don halakarwa ko dakatar da ci gaban pathogens. Wadannan sun hada da antiseptics da maganin rigakafi.
Viƙurruka
Chemicals da ke hallaka ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma hana cututtukan cututtuka.
Herbicides
Wannan rukuni na magungunan kashe qwari sune sunadarai masu guba don magance weeds da shuke-shuke da ba'a so. 
Ƙasa a matsayin hanyar ci gaba da zaɓi.
Aboki
Abubuwa bushewa tushen shuka. Wadannan magungunan kashe qwari suna taimakawa wajen "tsaftace" filin kafin shuka amfanin gona irin su shinkafa, gwoza da auduga.
Deflorants
Rushe flowering (domin hana fruiting) da kuma wuce kima ovaries a cikin shuke-shuke. Ana amfani da magunguna na wannan rukuni a matsayin magungunan kashe qwari daga weeds.
Masu karewa
Hanzarta ƙarancin ɓangaren tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Saboda haka, ana shirya shirye-shiryen ɓangaren bishiyoyi don hunturu, kuma ana sarrafa gonar inabi kafin girbi.
Zoocides
Dabbobi iri-iri masu amfani da magungunan kashe qwari sun yi nufi don halakar da dabbobin jinin jini: rodents da tsuntsaye (rodenticides da avicides).
Insecticides
Wadannan sunadarai masu guba don magance ƙwayoyin kwari irin su kwari. Akwai nau'o'in irin waɗannan abubuwa da suka bambanta a cikin sinadaran sunadarai.
Don sarrafa kwari, ana amfani da irin wannan kwari: Calypso, Kinmiks, Alatar, A nan, Fastak, Decis, Aktara, Vertimek, Mospilan, Tanrek.
Ichthyocide
An yi amfani da shi don halakar da kifi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana amfani da irin wadannan abubuwa daga jikin wanan ruwa, inda ichthyocide ya tsabtace, ya kamata ya tsabtace kansa. 
Larvicides
A hakikanin gaskiya, yawancin magunguna ma kwari ne, amma ba kawai a kan kwari ba, amma a kan larvae.
Limatsida
Kwayoyin da ake amfani da su don yaki da slugs da crayfishwaccan kwari ne ga amfanin gonar lambu. Mafi yawan kayan aikin sun shafi fata na slugs. Zai fi kyau a gudanar da maganin cikin duhu, kamar yadda slugs ne dabbobi maras kyau.
Nematocides
Wadannan abubuwa ne wadanda ke halakar da matakan da ke dauke da su. Wasu lokuta ma sun hada da ma'anar da za ta halakar da ƙwayoyin dabbobin nematode. 
Ovicides
Magunguna masu guba waɗanda aka tsara don halakar da ƙwayoyin kwari na kwari, wanda ya hada da kwari, mites da helminths.
Fungicides
Antifungal jami'ai don kula da shuka tsaba, kazalika don magance cututtuka na furotin na shuka mai girma. Misali na fungicide shine ruwa Bordeaux wanda aka sani ga dukan mazaunin rani da masu lambu.
Ordan, Oxyhom, Fundazol, Strobe, Switch, DNOK, Quadris, Acrobat MC, Previkur Energy, Antrakol ana amfani da su don yaki da cututtuka na shuka.
Ƙididdigar masu girma
Organic mahadi, mafi yawan ƙaddamar da abin da zai iya inganta ko hana da ci gaban shuke-shuke. Hakanan kuma suna iya motsa girman ci gaban ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire: alal misali, don dakatar da vegetative da hanzarta samar da fruiting. 
Masu haɗaka
Asusun da aka tsara don jawo hankalin kwari zuwa ga tushensu. Wannan nau'i ne. An yi amfani da su don yin kwari don kara karar da kansu.
Abun daji
Ba kamar yawancin magungunan magungunan kashe qwari ba, wadanda ba su da wani tasiri, amma tasiri ne. Kusar cutar pest na iya faruwa a matakai daban-daban: na dubawa, na gani, mai kyau. A yau yawanci sukan yi amfani da masu amfani da lalata.
Chemosterilizers
Abubuwa da hana hana kwari don haifa. Wannan "sakamako na rashin haihuwa" zai iya haifar da mata da namiji.
Yana da muhimmanci! Strawberries sun fi dacewa da saturate magungunan kashe qwari. Har ya zuwa kwanan nan, an fara amfani da apple wani wuri na farko.
Ta hanyar aiki
Hanyar shiga cikin wani abu mai sinadarin abubuwa, da kuma wani tsari na daban akan tsarin kwayar cutar, ya ba mu damar rarrabe ƙungiyoyin masu aiki.
Saduwa
Wadannan kudaden suna aiki ne a kai tsaye tare da su.
Intestinal
Wadannan abubuwa na farko sun guba abinci na kwaro, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa.
Tsarin
Suna rinjayar tsarin kwayoyin halitta, kuma, yadawa ta wurinta, ya hallaka jiki.
Fumigant
Rashin ciwo gurguntaccen fumigant yana faruwa a cikin sashin jiki na numfashi.
Ta hanyar guba
Don wargaza wasu kwari na abu ɗaya na buƙatar ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, da sauran ƙananan kilo. Mafi magungunan magungunan kashe qwari sun kasance a cikin nau'i na vapors, aerosols da mists. Dalili na maye gurbin wakilin za a iya dangana ga magungunan kashe qwari ga rukuni na kashe ko masu cin mutunci. 
Don sanin wannan digiri, ana amfani da kashi na matsakaici na mutuwa, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar 50% na dabbobi a lokacin gwaji.
Mai yiwuwa
Kashi na mutuwa na irin wannan magungunan kashe qwari yana zuwa 50 MG / kg ("Aldrin").
Mai tsanani mai guba
Daga 50 zuwa 200 MG / kg na irin wannan abu ya isa ya haifar da sakamakon mutuwa ("Dieldrin", "Endrin", "Heptachlor").
Matsakaici mai guba
Rashin guba daga jami'o'i daga 200 zuwa 1000 MG / kg damar damar kiransu matsakaici (Mirex, Chlordan, DDT).
Low rashin amfani
Sakamakon mutuwa na ƙwayoyin sunadaran rauni - fiye da 1000 MG / kg ("hexachlorobenzene").
Yana da muhimmanci! Mutane da ke aiki tare da magungunan kashe qwari dole ne su kasance masu kariya da na numfashi, bayan haka dole ne a sha ruwa.
Da yake taƙaitawa, dole ne a ce cewa tasirin magungunan kashe qwari a kan bil'adama bai riga ya yi nazari sosai ba. Yawancin masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa irin wannan sinadaran yana lalata ba kawai don kwari da tsire-tsire ba, har ma ga mutane. Bayan haka, bayan cin nama daga asalin shuka daga wata makirci da aka yi da magungunan kashe qwari, zamu iya cinye poisons. Don kauce wa su, akwai shawarwari na musamman game da maganin sunadarai: kafin amfani da kayan lambu da kayan 'ya'yan itace tare da mafita na soda, citric acid da ruwa ko jika a cikin ruwa mai zurfi.
