Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da motocin motoci a tsawon lokaci sun zama masu tasowa kuma sun zama alamu na zamani. Duk da haka, yawanci daga cikinsu suna samun nasarar aiki kuma suna har yanzu suna samarwa. Daya daga cikin wadannan "dogon lokaci" munyi la'akari da wannan bita. Mun koyi abin da ke da kyau game da na'urar da aka hada da "Niva SK-5".
Tarihin halitta
Dukkan maƙalari "rai" na wannan na'ura an haɗa shi da ɗakin Rostselmash. A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, masu aikin injiniya na gida sun kawo SK-3 mai kaiwa ga mai kaiwa. Don wannan kamfani, wannan nasara ne - kafin haka, kawai an raba raka'a a can. 
Troika na da manyan reserves, wanda masu zane-zane suka yi amfani da shi, wanda "ya ba" samfurin SK-4 mafi mahimmanci a 1962. Sai dai ya zama babban nasara, tun da yake ya karbi kyauta a wasu nune-nunen noma.
Irin wannan matsala na cin nasara kuma ya zama tushen don "biyar". Ya ci gaba da gudu-in ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa - SK-5s na farko ne aka saki ne kawai a cikin 1970, kuma har tsawon shekaru 3 an samar da sabon samfurin a cikin layi tare da haɗuwa da aka saba.
A daidai wannan lokaci sai ya yi amfani da misali na farko - alamar "samfurin" an shirya a farkon 1967.
Yana da muhimmanci! Gudun cikin samar da hanyoyi guda biyu - babu kaya (awa 2.5) da aiki (60 hours). A farkon farawa na farawa, an yarda dashi don yin aikin ba fiye da rabin sa'a ba. Tare da ƙarami mai zurfi, ana ɗaukar nauyin ya karu zuwa 75%, tare da takaddun inspections da kiyayewa bisa ga ka'idojin ETO bayan kowane awa 10.Ayyukan injiniyoyi ba su da banza - yana da wuya a sami mutumin da bai taba ganin wannan "tsohuwar shanu" ba. Ya jimre hanyoyi da dama, kuma ana cigaba da yin kwafin "sabo".
Gidan ya zama mafi sauƙi, an maye gurbin launin ruwan launi tare da kore, kuma adadi a cikin sunan ya bace, maye gurbin kalmar "sakamako". Amma aikin tabbatarwa yana aiki kamar yadda ya dace.A ina aka haɗa amfani
Babban "aikin aikin" na wannan samfurin shine tsaftacewa da kuma sarrafawa na hatsi. Dangane da ƙananan ƙananan ƙaƙaf da haɓakawa na haɗuwa, yana da kyau kwarai don aiki yankunan ƙananan ko yanayin yanayi mai wuya.
Har ila yau, akwai wani juyi don rauni, ƙasa mai laushi. Wannan wata na'ura ce da kullin saiti, wanda maɗin ya shuka. 
Ma'aikata masu inganci sun san cewa a cikin filin "ƙuntatawa," sababbin "Nivas" ba su da daidai - a irin waɗannan yanayi zasu ba da kuskure ga mafi karfi da aka haɗa.
Bayanan fasaha
Don fahimtar yadda kyakkyawa SK-5 Niva ya haɗa, la'akari da halin fasaha na yau da kullum na samfurin na yanzu:
- injiniya: ƙwayar diesel guda shida tare da supercharged, hudu-stroke;
- ikon (hp): 155;
- Drum speed (rpm): 2900;
- yawan wuka: 64;
- ƙarar bunker (l): 3000;
- Sauke gudu (l / s): 40;
Shin kuna sani? Daga cikin gyare-gyare ya zo a gaba da motoci na musamman. Mene ne akalla hada haɗuwa don raba kabewa tsaba daga ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda aka halitta a shekarun 1970s. Amma wannan misali guda ne.
- Rigar tsawo (m): 2,6;
- nau'in tsaftacewa: allon guda biyu;
- Siffar BBC (m): 5;
- total tsawon fashi na bambaro (m): 3.6, ya ƙunshi abubuwa 4;
- tsarin masassara: nau'in drum;
- Drum diamita (m): 0.6;
- nau'in kamara mai haɗuwa: mai ɗorawa;
- tsawon (m): 7.60;
- nisa (m): 3.93;
- tsawo (m): 4.1;
- Nauyin bushe (t): 7.4.
Haɗakar Engine
Mista "Niva" na yau da kullum tare da manzalin diesel MMZ - D.260.1. Wannan ƙwararren injiniyar 7,12 lita cikakke ne ga ayyuka daban-daban.
Gaskiyar ita ce tana da kaya mai kyau (622 N / m), wanda ke samar da kyakkyawan motsi har ma a ƙarƙashin cikakken kaya ko lokacin wucewa mai wuya. 
Ana iya "motsa" har zuwa 2100 rpm, amma a aikace suke ƙoƙarin "kama" a matsakaicin (kimanin 1400) - a cikin wannan yanayin an sami maki mafi girma.
Ruwan sanyi yana da muhimmanci don aikin aikin, a wannan bangaren, Minsk diesel engine ne mafi alhẽri ga "iska iska".
Domin dogon aikin filin, zaka kuma buƙatar magoya, mai tarakta da magunguna.Nauyin nauyin wannan nau'i ne 650 kg. Daga bayyane masu amfani, aiki mai laushi da kuma "ci" mai tsayi. Amfanin man fetur na man fetur don mai haɗin girbi na Niva wanda aka haƙa da wannan na'ura yana da lita 25 a kowace awa aiki. Wannan adadi na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin aikin da aka yi da kuma daidaitaccen tsarin gyaran ƙera dinel.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan farawa na farko na inji an yi shi a zafin jiki a ƙasa +5 ° C, to sai an canza man fetur a ma'aikata a cikin M8 na hunturu (ruwaye da filayen DM da G2K sun dace).
Kamar yadda "zuciya" na wannan na'ura na iya yin irin waɗannan motors kamar haka:
- SMD-17K da SMD-18K (duka biyu - 100 Hp kowace);
- Hakanan SMD mai karfi 120K, 20K da 21K da suka wuce.
Gudun tafiya
Wannan rukunin wutsiyoyi sun hada da 2 gadoji: motar motar da kuma jagora.
Hakika, na farko shine mafi rikitarwa a aikin. An hada shi:
- kaya;
- kama;
- Bambanci;
- toshe tare da batu;
- 2 gearboxes gefe;
- tsaye ƙafafunni.
Kayan jigilar kayan haɗin gine-gine na Niva CK-5 na uku ne, wanda aka ware tare da 3 shafts da kuma saitin ganga, 2 daga cikinsu ana sanya su (kamar motar motar) kuma suna hawa a kan shinge.Na farko shine "farawa" na farko, kuma na biyu - na biyu da na uku. Bayan da aka sauya bayanan, an riga an katange kayan "kyauta" ta hanyar inji na musamman.
A lokacin da aka karɓa daga shinge daga cikin akwati an sanya jigon maɓallin kamara, yayin da mai tasowa tare da taimakon ruwa 12 ya buge shi zuwa cikin ciki na pulley. Idan an cire jigon, magoya ta sake watsar da turar kuma ta sake juyawa zuwa cikin kasuwanci.
Shin kuna sani? An samo masu girbi na Soviet na farko a 1930 a Zaporizhia. Ta hanyar ka'idodin yau, ana kiran motocin a cikin ruhun zamanin. - "Sadarwar".Hanya da ke kan motar motar ta fi sauƙi:
- m katako;
- swivels;
- trapezoid a cikin toshe tare da hydraulic cylinder;
- ƙafafun.
Ana amfani da ƙananan motsi a ƙarshen katako ta hanyar pivots da hinges. Ana amfani da su a cikin rassan kansu tare da zane-zane.CVT
A duk gyare-gyare na hada hada klinoremenny an shigar. Akan sanya shi, lokacin da aka kai motar zuwa motar gilashi ta hanyar bel, kuma dukkanin tsari yana sarrafawa ta hanyar mai rikitarwa.
Wannan tsarin, canzawa da motsi na motsa jiki, yana motsa belin tare da ruwan kwalliya, ta haka ya canza nisa daga cikin rafi. Harbin kanta a lokaci guda yana motsawa zurfi ko an nuna shi "a gefen" (sannan diamita ya ƙaru). 
Ana aiwatar da aiki na inji ta hanyar ingancin mai rarrabawa, wanda aka kawo shi cikin gidan. Don ba da cikakken gudunmawa, an canja shi gaba daya gaba, kuma don sake saita gudun - baya.
Cab da kuma mai jagora
A cikin sha'anin ta'aziyya, Niva ta jawo har zuwa bukatun zamani. Saboda sababbin kayan kayan haɓaka, sauti ya zama mafi alhẽri, kuma ya zama mafi sauƙi don kasancewa ciki - a kan tsohuwar fasalin mai haɗawa shine, a gaskiya, a cikin akwatin ƙarfe mai tsanani da rashin lafiya. A kan sababbin motocin da aka bayar (gaskiya, a matsayin zaɓi).
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin sayen haɗin da ake amfani dasu, kula da ƙarancin karfe (bayan duba dukkan nau'ukan da ke ƙasa), tsarin man fetur da na lantarki. "Tsoffin wuraren da ake fama da rashin lafiya" - wannan shi ne, da farko, ƙwaƙwalwar da ƙanshi, lalacewar nan da nan "ya hura" a kansu.Lokacin da yake zaune a wurin aiki, direba yana kallo a gabansa:
- Gurbin jagora;
- Hannunta na dama shi ne haɗari mai shinge, raguwa da tsaftacewa;
- a gefen hagu na keken motar ne sassan jingina da kuma kullun motoci;
- A ƙarƙashin jagoran motar akwai mai samar da man fetur, a kan nau'i daban-daban ana iya kasancewa a kowane gefen "donut".
Ƙungiyar sprung tana daidaitacce a jiragen biyu (a kwance da tsaye). A hannun dama, a kusurwar katako, wani ɓangaren kayan aiki yana da fitilun fitilu da masu kulawa.Ana kuma sanya kayan aiki a can - alamun alakan man fetur da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, ƙuƙwarar ƙuri da ammeter. Ƙarshen ba zai zama ba - yawancin manoma sunyi garkuwa da sauƙi.
Yawancin sararin samaniya yana shagaltar da tsarin sarrafawa na tsarin aiki da tsarin: drum, header, "dumping" na bunker, da dai sauransu.
Shin kuna sani? Jigon farko da aka haɗu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin USSR shine C-4 (1947-1958). Abin takaici ne cewa siyasa ya shiga cikin "makomarsa" - har zuwa 1956 aka kira shi "Stalinist", kuma bayan Ikkilisiya na Twenty, sunan ya rage zuwa wasika na farko.Kayan motsi (raya baya) yana sarrafawa tare da taimakon hawan motsi - babu hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar kai tsaye tsakanin motocin motar da ƙafafun, kowa yana daukan jagorancin wutar lantarki da kuma shinge wanda aikin ruwa yana samarwa ruwa ta hanyar isar da ruwa.
Wannan matsala ta rage rage baya, amma akwai matsaloli. Sabili da haka, tare da daidaitaccen daidaitaccen motar motar ya zama "m."Sanya kanka tare da MT3-892, MT3-1221, Kirovets K-700, T-170, MT3-80, Vladimirets T-25, MT3 320, MT3 82 da tractors T-30 waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don ayyukan daban-daban .
Tsarin lantarki
Wadannan haɗin suna da tsarin tsarin hydraulic. Babban yana aiki da raƙuman aiki, kuma mai gudanarwa yana jagorancin sarrafawa.
Hanya na babban tafarki ya hada da:
- nau'in famfo NSH-32U;
- aminci valves;
- da rarraba a kan 7 fitarwa;
- Hanyar HZ guda biyu;
- hydraulic cylinders don kiwon rubutun kai da kuma reel.
Hakanan, mai kulawa ya ƙunshi:- famfo NSh-10E;
- aljihun ɓoye;
- Gudanarwa;
- ma'aikacin (shi ne iko) cylinder.
Har ila yau zai zama da amfani a gare ku don ku fahimci kwarewar fasaha na Salyut 100, Neva MB 2, Zubr JR-Q12E ƙwayoyin motoci.
Hada girbi
Don haɗin "Niva" yana daya daga cikin mahimman tsarin, a mahimmanci ana sanya shi sau ɗaya tare da injin. Babban kayan da sassa sune:
- Shari'ar da aka sanya duk masu aikin aiki. An haɗa shi da kyamara mai mahimmanci ta yin amfani da pendants da hinge. Wannan tsari yana daidaita da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. An haɗe shi da gwanin telescopic da aka zana tare da samun dama ga wukake.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin a kawo haɗuwa a hanya don motsawa, dole ne a kwashe mahaɗin - Ko da ƙananan saukewa an haramta.
- Takalma, daidaitawa da tsawo na yanke. "Girma" an tsara su don 5 zuwa 18 cm, yayin da tsaka-tsaka na matsakaici 10 da 13 cm.
- Gwajiyar, kazalika da sabanin lokacin yanka da kuma jagorantar su zuwa tauraron. A gaskiya ma, yana da wani sashi tare da tsattsauran gungumen kafa, wanda aka haɗa da ƙananan rollers tare da yatsunsu (tines). Su, a biyun, suna da nauyin ruwa.
- Yankan baki. A kan mashaya akwai yatsunsu guda ɗaya tare da yatsun wuka da ke cikin motsi a wurare daban daban. Bugu da ƙari, akwai magunguna da maɗaurawa. Rashin motsi na wukake shi ne bunch of "hinge - telescope."
- Auger. Wannan shi ne Silinda tare da sakonnin "nau'i-nau'i" wanda ba a kama shi ba ne a cikin nau'i-nau'i - suna tafiya a wurare daban-daban, kuma a yayin juyawa suna matsawa mai tushe a tsakiyar. A nan ne yatsan yatsu ya ɗauka, wanda ya aika da wannan taro zuwa mai shigo.
- "Gida". An sanya kullun kuma yana haifar da hatsi zuwa kara. A nan ne 2 shaft tare da taurari a kan gefuna - jagoran da kore. Sannun kayan ado da sassan karfe suna "alhakin" don sufuri.
- Pickup. Tattara tattara kayan aiki da kuma aika su zuwa "kasa" na BBC. Don shigarwa dole ne a cire na'urar.
Babban gyare-gyare na hada
Bugu da ƙari, da ainihin tsari, "wakilan" na wasu gyare-gyare ne a kan tafi. Akwai yawancin su kusan kusan shekaru 50 na saki, don haka za mu mayar da hankali ga mafi yawan mutane. Ana nuna su kawai - wasikun da alamun dijital ya kara da cewa "SK":
- 5A yana nuna injin engine 120;
Shin kuna sani? Wasu daga cikin nodes "Niva" sun tafi wajen gina tsabtataccen tumatir SKT-2. Yana da matukar dacewa ga gonaki - a cikin yanayin rashin karancin kayan ajiya, sassan daga "tumatir" sun hada su zuwa "biyar" ba tare da yin katsewa ba.
- An samar da 5AM version tare da na'ura doki 140, kuma an canja gearbox zuwa hagu;
- 5M-1 bambanta karfin hydrostatic;
- SCC-5 an tsara su don aiki a yankunan da ke da matsala da kuma "daukan" slopin zuwa 30 °;
- SKP-5M-1 shine gyare-gyare mai ɓoye don "rigar" ƙasa.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
A duk tsawon lokacin aikin "Niv" ya haɓaka wata kwarewa mai girma, kuma duk wanda ke aiki tare da kayan aikin noma ya san game da "yanayin" waɗannan haɗin.
Suna da amfani mai yawa:
- cikakken bincike zane;
- kyau maneuverability tare da kananan girma;
- low price;
- samuwa na kowane kayan gyare-gyare da kuma babban tabbaci;
- m quality of hatsi tsabtatawa;
- Kyakkyawan aiki tare da ƙananan asarar tarin yawa.
- '' belts '' '' lokaci '
- matsaloli a hawa da kai da kuma haɗe-haɗe; fiye da ɗaya ƙarni na na'ura masu aiki "ƙirƙira" a cikin yanayin yanayi daban-daban slopes, splicing da baka;
- ba dacewa sosai a gujewa cikakke ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mutane da yawa suna koka game da matsala na "m" jagorancin. Wannan yana iya zama saboda kullun gashin motsi ko rashin daidaituwa.Duk da waɗannan raunuka, "SK-5" mai kyau "bai rasa ƙasa ba. Da farko manoma suna son yin amfani da "amfani" tare, kuma sunyi amfani da wasu dakarun da dama, suna amfani da su har tsawon shekaru. Yawancin kayayyakin kayan aikin yana tabbatar da "Niva" tsawon rai.
Yanzu ku san abin da ya sa irin wannan babban tsari ya shahara sosai. Muna fata wannan bayanin zai taimaka wajen ƙayyade fasaha. Rage girke-rubuce!
