Moroznik shine tsire-tsire na herbaceous na zamani daga dangin Ranunculaceae. Tana zaune a cikin Bahar Rum, Asiya andarama da Balkans. Za a iya samun Hellebore a cikin tsaunin tsaunuka ko kuma a cikin gandun daji mai sauƙi. Ana iya kiranta primrose, saboda furanni suna fitowa a farkon bazara. Wani lokaci a ƙarshen hunturu zaka iya ganin rawanin fure a kan dusar ƙanƙara ta sabo. Ana amfani da tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle-tsalle mai kyau a matsayin wasu Kirsimeti da ake gabatarwa a wasu ƙasashen Turai, shi yasa a wasu lokutan ake kiransa da "Kirsimeti fure" ko "bukkawar hunturu." Sunan kimiyya na shuka shine hellebore. Dankin yana da mashahuri ba wai kawai tsakanin masu lambu ba, har ma a cikin waɗanda suke so su rasa nauyi, saboda mutane da yawa suna la'akari da hellebore wani kayan aiki mai tasiri don magance wuce kima.
Halayen Botanical
Moroznik ciyawar ciyawa ce mai fure tare da harbe 20-50 cm tsayi. Kusa da saman duniya gajere ne mai ƙaramin rhizome. Bareayayyiyar ƙasa ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta ganye. Farin yana mai da hankali sosai a cikin soket kusa da ƙasa da kanta kuma yana samar da itace mai koren daji mai yawa. Yana girma akan doya mai tsayi mai tsayi kuma yana da nau'in dissected ko ƙafa ƙafafunsa. A petiole na iya zama daga sassan 5 da ke cikin sararin samaniya. Kowane launin fata mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, yana da gefuna masu kauri da tsagi tare da tsakiyar jijiya.
Lokacin fure yana sauka ne a watan Fabrairu-Afrilu, ya danganta da yanayin yanayi. A wannan lokacin, fure ko ƙaramar inflorescence a saman tushe. Kowane toho yana da gajerun nasa, drooping peduncle. Nimbus mai siffa mai kararrawa yana da kaburburan haske 5, waɗanda galibi ba su kuskure da peranin. An zane su da fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya, tawada ko shunayya. A petals kansu canza kama zuwa nectaries. Laƙƙarfan lush ɗin ya ƙunshi dam na stamens da ovary. A lokacin furanni, kamshi mai saurin ratsa jiki ya mamaye furen. A wasu nau'in, gaba ɗaya ba ya nan.
Fruita multian Multifoliate sun ƙunshi babban adadin ƙananan tsaba waɗanda aka sake su bayan cikakkiyar farfadowa. A duk tsawon wannan lokacin, an sanya gilasai masu haske kuma sai bayan matalin daga cikin tsaba suke karye kuma sun fado. Koda bayan harbin ya bushe tare da inflorescence, wani busasshen ciyawa na daji ya ragu kuma sannu a hankali tsohuwar tushe an maye gurbinsu da sabon, mafi m da kore ɗaya.
Nau'in Hellebore
Yawancin masana kimiyya sun danganta nau'in tsire-tsire 14-22 ga halittar hellebore. Yawancinsu suna da ikon haɓaka al'adu a tsakiyar Rasha.
Black baƙar fata. Rhizome perennial tare da duhu kore leathery foliage, iya jure har ma a cikin winters. Leaf faranti danda, cirrus a cikin lanceolate ko m sassan. Ofarshen falle mai harba zuwa 20 cm tsayi an yi shi da furanni 1-3. Sepals fararen launi a hankali sun zama ruwan hoda, kuma idan 'ya'yan itaciyar suka girma, sai su zama kore.
Caucasian hellebore. Mazaunin Caucasus, Turkiya, Girka da sauran ƙasashe masu ɗumi suna da faɗi 20-50 cm. Tsawon takarda mai launin shuɗi mai duhu ya kusan cm 15. An kasu kashi 5-11 m sassa tare da nuna gefen. Furen yana ɗaukar furanni masu launin shuɗi da yawa tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 8. Suna girma a cikin rabin rabin lokacin bazara kuma ya ɗauki kimanin makonni 6. Tsarin rhizome na wannan shuka ya ƙunshi alkaloids mafi yawan guba da glycosides, wanda, lokacin da aka overdosed, suna da tasiri mai banƙyama ga tsarin zuciya.
Moroznik shine gabas. Ciyawa masu tsinkaye tare da tsinkayenta ba su wuce 30 cm ana rarrabe su da tsire-tsire mai launin shuɗi da furanni masu ƙyalƙyali masu launin lilac tare da diamita na kusan cm 5. Wannan nau'ikan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga cututtukan fungal. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen ganye dangane da fata yana haifar da ƙonewa.
Hellebore mai launin ja. Ana samun tsire-tsire a cikin Hungary, Romania da wasu ƙasashe na Kudu maso Yammacin Turai. Dukkangararre yana da turanci mai ruwan hoda. Ba kamar yawancin sauran nau'in halitta ba, wannan ba ya riƙe babban ganyen ganye na lokacin hunturu. Fushin yana da siffar feathery-dissected kuma ya ƙunshi 5-7 m-kore lobes. Furanni a kan gadajen tsinkaye a ciki ana zanen sure-purple, kuma a waje suna da shuɗe mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Ka'idojin kiwo
Hellebore za a iya girma daga tsaba ko kuma rarraba daji. Yankin shuka yana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci da ƙoƙari, tunda abu mai shuka dole ne a daidaita shi na dogon lokaci. Na farko, tsaba da aka tattara da bushe suna buƙatar watanni 2.5-3 na zafi, sannan adadin adadin sanyi. Lokacin da bushe, da tsaba da sauri rasa su germination, don haka ya kamata ka yi shakka a shuka. Suna dace shuka nan da nan bayan girbi a cikin ƙasa bude. An shuka kayan dasa kayan da aka shuka a gonar (idan an ba da kusan watanni 3 kafin sanyi) ko a cikin tukwane don tsiro seedlings.
A gida, yi amfani da tukwane ko akwatina tare da ciyawar ciyawar ko yashi da ƙasa. Ana binne tsaba daga 5-10 mm kuma suna sanya ƙasa. Da farko ana ajiye su tsawon watanni 3 a zazzabi a daki (kimanin + 20 ° C), sannan a saka a cikin firiji don daidai wannan lokacin. Bayan stratification, ana sa ran shuka nan da nan. Ana sa tukunya da tsire-tsire masu ɗumi. A girma seedlings nutse a cikin tukwane dabam da kuma sanya a cikin wani wuri rufe. Yarinyar hellebores ana watsa su a cikin ƙasa a fili don madawwamiyar wuri a cikin shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa. Fulawa da nau'ikan kayan ado na iya faruwa daga shekara ta biyu bayan dasa, amma yawanci yakan faru ne bayan shekaru 3-5.
Wani ƙazamin daji mai zurfi sosai a farkon bazara (kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace) ko kuma tuni a cikin Satumba (bayan an yi zuriyar iri) ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa. Na farko, hellebore an haƙa shi gabaɗaya, sannan kuma tare da babbar kulawa ana samun 'yanci daga cutar ƙuraje. An yanka Rhizome cikin delenki. 1-2 an bar ganye ko ganye da yawa akan kowane ɗayan. An rarraba safwan a cikin ramuka tare da zurfin kusan 30 cm tare da nesa na 30 cm cm. Dole ne a kwance ƙasa da takin kafin shuka. A tsakanin makonni 2-3, za a buƙaci cikakken kulawa da yawan shayarwa sosai. Za'a iya tsawaita lokacin daidaitawa na dogon lokaci. A cikin shekarar dasawa ko rarrabuwa, daji ba shi da lafiya kuma ya bushe lokaci mai tsawo. Koyaya, kada ku damu, hellebore dole ne ya rayu kuma ya fara girma da sauri.
Kulawar waje
A cikin lambun, yana da kyau a hellebore sami wuri mai kariya daga zane-zane da rana mai haske. Penumbra ya dace da shi, inda rana take kawai da safe ko a yamma. Ana buƙatar kariya ta dogara da tsakar rana. A wani wuri mai haske, furanni zasu bayyana da wuri, amma da sannu za su bushe. Ganyayyaki ma an murkushe su, ba su samar da irin wannan babban rosette lush ba. Za'a iya dasa furanni a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi tare da kambi na translucent, saboda haka zasu sami ingantaccen haske da abinci mai gina jiki daga ganyayyaki overripe.
Soddy ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki, kuma zai fi dacewa alkaline, amsawa ya dace don dasa. Kafin dasa shuki, an haƙa ƙasa da lemun tsami, ash ko ci abinci. Better daidaita da tsire-tsire dasa a cikin fall.
Kula da hellebore abu ne mai sauki. Yawancin lokaci yakan sami isasshen ruwa daga ƙasa. M foliage rauni evaporates danshi. Sai kawai a bushe da yanayin zafi ana shayar da shi sau 1-2 a wata.
A kan rukunin ƙasa tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki, ciyar da kullun zuwa hellebore ba lallai ba ne. Alreadyasa riga ta ƙunshi isasshen humus. Hakanan, furanni suna amfani da nitrogen daga sararin samaniya da ƙarancin ma'adanai daga ƙasa. Ya isa ya samar da sabon ciyawa a lokacin bazara. Zai kare rhizomes, saboda suna nesa kusa dasu kuma ana iya fallasa su.
Sau da yawa a cikin lokacin da ake bada shawarar zuwa sako da plantings kuma na bakin ciki fitar da tsire-tsire. Kodayake a wuri guda zai iya girma shekaru ba tare da matsaloli ba, dasa-shuki-da-kai yakan sanya ciyayi. Wannan ya cutar da bayyanar kuma yana haifar da cututtuka.
Kusan dukkan nau'ikan hellebore suna iya saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal (anthracnose, mildew powdery, tabin ganye, ɗan tsatsa). Tare da babban zafi, kamuwa da cuta yadu cikin sauri. Bayan sun samo ganyayyaki masu lalacewa, to lallai ne a yanke su nan da nan kuma a lalace. Ana kula da ciyayi mai kusa da shirye-shiryen tagulla.
Daga cikin parasites, hop hoppers, caterpillars, da aphids sun fi yawa. A cikin m thickets slugs da katantanwa ɓoye, kuma mice kuma iya ɓoye. Ana karɓar Mollusks da hannu, an sanya guba daga ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma an kashe ƙwayoyin kwari ta hanyar kwari da acaricides. Tare da kulawa da hankali da kuma gano lokaci, kwari ba sa haifar da lahani ga hellebore.
Magungunan magani da contraindications
Ana amfani da baki da Caucasian hellebore a magungunan mutane. Zuwa mafi girma, an san su da wata hanya ce ta asarar nauyi da daidaituwar metabolism. Koyaya, ana iya amfani da hellebore sosai. A cikin tushen hellebore ya ƙunshi babban adadin glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, coumarins, flavonoids.
Idan an lura da sashi, maganin hellebore na ba da gudummawa ga:
- ƙananan karfin jini da sukari na jini;
- kawar da duwatsun da yashi a cikin kodan da kuma ciwon ciki;
- karfafa rigakafi;
- rigakafin cutar kansa;
- Yana tsarkake hanji daga gubobi da gubobi.
Rage nauyi yana faruwa ne saboda cirewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta daga jiki da kuma daidaita tsarin metabolism.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, hellebore na Caucasian yana da guba musamman, tunda yana ƙunshe da ɗimbin abubuwa masu aiki kuma yana da tasiri ga tsarin jini na mutum. Sabili da haka, kowane magani dole ne a aiwatar karkashin tsananin kulawa daga likita. A contraindication zuwa shan kwayoyi a kowane yawa shi ne hali zuwa rashin lafiyan, shekarun yara (har zuwa shekaru 12), da lokacin daukar ciki da lactation. Game da yawan abin sama da ya wuce, alamomin masu zuwa na iya bayyana: rauni, raguwar zuciya da hauhawar jini, tsananin kishirwa, gajeriyar numfashi.
