Domin samun adadin zuma, yana da mahimmanci don samun yawan adadin zuma a kusa da apiary. Idan babu wani, zaka iya taimakawa yanayi da kuma ƙarin abubuwa a cikin noma da tsire-tsire masu iya samar da pollen da nectar mai yawa. A cikin wannan labarin za mu samar da jerin mafi kyaun tsire-tsire na zuma, don ƙara hoto da sunayen.
Bishiyoyi da shrubs
Bishiyoyi da ƙananan bishiyoyi waɗanda ke da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire sun haɗa da haka:
- Linden itace Wannan wata shuka ce mai kyau, wanda aka rarraba a ko'ina. Lokacin da flowering ya fara a Yuli. Honey collection yana da girma, zai iya kai 1 ton a kowace 1 hectare na plantings.
- Pear. Ita itace itace gonar. Kyakkyawan shuka zuma da kuma pollen. Gudun ruwa yana faruwa a watan Mayu. An bayyana shi da ingancin ƙananan yawancin aiki, a cikin 10 kilogiram na 1 ha na tsabta.
- Willow. An dauki daya daga cikin mafi yawan melliferous. Mafi yawan nau'o'in nau'o'i suna tsiro daga shrubs (willow eared, ashy, trekhtychinkovaya), wasu bishiyoyi kamar bishiyoyi (Willow brittle, white). Willow yana ƙaunar wuri mai tsabta, yana tsiro kusa da ruwa. Wannan shuka nasa ne na farkon spring flowering. Yawan aiki zai iya bambanta tsakanin 10-150 kg / ha.
- Cherry Wannan itace itacen lambu wanda ke girma a kusan kowane lambun. Farkon flowering ya fadi a farkon rabin watan Mayu. Samun yawan samfurin zuma zai iya zama kusan 30 kilogiram na 1 ha.
- Buckthorn ƙutsawa. Yana girma kamar ƙananan itace ko a matsayin shrub. Lokaci na fara farawa daga farkon lokacin rani kuma yakan kasance har zuwa karshen. Kyakkyawan zuma za a iya tattarawa cikin tsarin 20 kg ta 1 ha.
- Kalina. Wannan itace mai daji. Yawancin lokaci yakan girma ne a matsayin wani shrub, a cikin rare lokuta - a cikin wani karamin itace. Yana da tartsatsi, tun da yake ba shi da bukatun musamman don yanayin yanayi. Za'a iya ganin launi na farko a farkon Yuni. Yawan aiki na wannan shuka shuka shine 20 kg / ha.
- Ganye bishiyoyi. Yana da tsire-tsire na zuma mai mahimmanci da warkarwa. Abin sha'awa yana girma a cikin gandun dajin, musamman ma a cikin dakuna da kuma glades. Yana fado a watan Yuni. Za a girbe kimanin kilo 100 na zuma mai dadi daga 1 ha.
- Kayan lambu. Kamar yadda za a iya fahimta daga sunan, irin wadannan raspberries suna girma a kan tsare-tsaren kai tsaye. Yana da bayyanar wani shrub. Lokaci na flowering yana rufe kusan Yuni. Yana da kyan zuma mai kyau, tun da za'a iya tattara kilogiram 200 na samfurin mai dadi daga 1 ha.
- Common Hazel Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a kira shi wani shuka mai kyau, tun da yake wannan tsirrai ya ɓoye jikin sace nectar. Flowering fara a farkon spring, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ba ta gaba daya melted. Kyakkyawan pollen. Yana da godiya ga kudan zuma a cikin idon ruwa na rassan hannun jari.
- Rowan. Wannan itace mai laushi ya tsiro a cikin gandun dajin da kuma a wuraren shakatawa. Sau da yawa girma a cikin makircin gida. Tsire-tsire a cikin marigayi marigayi. Zaka iya tattara samfurin mai dadi har zuwa 40 kg a kowace hectare.
- Plum Ita itace itacen lambu wanda zai iya bayar da cin hanci a cikin adadin fiye da kilo 40 a kowace hectare. Lokacin yawan aiki zai fara a watan Mayu kuma yana kusa da kwanaki 10.
- Black currant. Ana iya samo wannan daji a kusan dukkanin yankunan kewayen birni. Ya yi tsawon lokaci, yawanci a watan Mayu. Yawan aiki - 50 kg ta 1 ha.
- Blueberries Bush shuka kananan shuka. Girma a cikin gandun daji da kuma coniferous. Fara farawa a cikin watan Mayu. Idan shuke-shuke suna da matsayi mai yawa, to har zuwa 80 kilogiram na zuma za a iya tattara daga 1 ha.
- Itacen itace Wannan itace itace na zuma na kowa. Lokacin yawan aiki zai fara a watan Mayu kuma yana wanzuwa har zuwa karshen Yuni. Ana iya girbe dan zuma kadan daga 1 hectare na tsabta tsabta - kimanin kilo 20.
- Thyme Wannan ƙananan shrub yana tsiro ne a kan matalauta da kasa. Yana ƙaunar rana da wuraren budewa. Lokacin flowering yana faruwa a karo na biyu na rani. Nectar iya samar da mai yawa. Cin hanci zai iya kai 170-200 kg na 1 ha.
- Bird ceri Ya danganta da nau'in, tsuntsu tsuntsu zai iya girma kamar karamin itace, da kuma daji. A karkashin yanayin jin dadi, lokacin flowering zai fara a ƙarshen watan Mayu. Nectar da kuma pollen shuka ya watsa mai yawa. Yawan aiki kusan 200 kg / ha.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin d ¯ a Roma, ana iya amfani da zuma a matsayin nau'i na waje. Za su iya biyan kuɗin sayan kuma har ma su biya kudin.
Ganye da furanni
Bugu da ƙari, bishiyoyi, akwai magunguna da furanni da yawa, waxannan kuma su ne tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Mafi yawan itatuwan tsire-tsire sune:
- Autumn Kulbaba. Wannan inji ya tsiro a ko'ina. Sau da yawa yana rikicewa da Dandelion talakawa. Launi daga Yuli zuwa farkon watan Satumba. Yawancin yawanci yawanci a cikin kewayon 80 kg / ha.
- Coltsfoot Wannan fure ne na farkon tsire-tsire na zuma. Yawan aiki yana da ƙananan ƙananan, yawanci ana ajiye cikin 30 kg / ha. Duk da haka, coltsfoot yana da matukar muhimmanci, saboda yana da wasu magungunan magani, kuma ya sake yaduwar pollen ba tare da kwari ba.
- Dandelion officinalis. Ana iya danganta shi daidai da tsire-tsire na duniya a duniya. Flowering fara a farkon Yuni. An bayyana shi da karamin medosbor, amma dai tsawon lokaci. Matsakaicin yawancin aiki shine 50 kg ta 1 ha.
- Chernogolovka talakawa. Ta na son ƙaran kasa. Yanayin ruwan kaka daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Bribes iya isa 120 kilo na hectare.
- Mint Ta na son girma a kusa da ruwa ko a ƙasa. Ainihin furanni daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Tare da sharaɗi mai kyau, cin hanci zai iya zama babba - har zuwa 1.3 ton a kowace hectare.
- Birdhouse Pineal. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna girma sosai a wurare na pristenenny, suna son ƙasa mai yalwa. Tsarin aiki na furewa ya fadi a watan Yuni-Satumba. Hanyoyin cin hanci suna da girma kamar wadanda suke da mint - har zuwa 1.3 t / ha.
- Cornflower. Wannan inji shi ne filin, perennial. Cin hanci shine a cikin kilo 110 a kowace hectare. Cornflowers na Bloom daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.
- Clover farin. Wannan inji shi ne daga iyalin legume. Ƙaunar ƙasa mai sanyi. Blooms a watan Mayu da Yuni. Yawan aiki zai iya zama har zuwa 100 kg a kowace hectare.
- Medunitsa officinalis. Wannan shuka yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kamar yadda suke yi a watan Afrilu da Mayu. Suna girma ne kawai a cikin gandun daji da kuma spruce. Yawan aiki zai iya bambanta tsakanin mita 30-80 a kowace hectare.
- Peresleska daraja. Wannan shuka yana da kyau a cikin gandun daji. Tsuntsu a farkon spring. Nectar yana samar da kadan, amma zai iya samar da pollen da yawa.
Shin kuna sani? Sandwich zuma wanda aka cinye da safe bayan biki zai iya taimakawa wajen rage rashin jin daɗi saboda gwaninta, yayin da yake kawar da barasa daga jiki.
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu shuka
Kudan zuma masu kwarewa don samun kyakkyawan cin hanci da kayan dadi, yin shuka shuka shuke-shuke da kansu. Don haka zaka iya karba wadannan tsire-tsire da zasu bunkasa a yankin da aka zaɓa. Kuma ta wannan hanya zaka iya ƙara yawan adadin zuma da aka tattara.
Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na zuma don ƙudan zuma da kuma shahararren noma iri-iri shine:
- Yaro da kuma farin clover. Wannan tsire-tsire ya yi fure a watan Mayu kuma ya ci gaba da shukawa har zuwa karshen lokacin rani. Idan ka tabbatar da kulawa da kyau, daji zai iya girma zuwa 2 m a tsawo. Girman furanni ya dogara ne akan nau'in shuka. Kusan kowane nau'i na ƙasa zai dace da Donnik. Ya kwantar da hankali cikin zafi, yana tsiro daga iri. Honey daga wannan shuka an dauke shi mafi mahimmanci, yawancin kudan zuma suna bunkasa shi saboda kyakkyawan dalili.
Don yasa launin rawaya ko farin Donnik da kansa, yana da muhimmanci don aiwatar da sassaukar tsaba, wannan zai taimaka wa sprouts su karya sauri. Ana ba da shawara a cikin farkon spring ko kafin sanyi ya auku. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da lokacin shuka don tsibirin suna da lokaci zuwa karya kafin lokacin sanyi. Ƙara yawan zuma zai iya kai kilo 270 na zuma a kowace hectare.
- Clover. Ga ƙudan zuma, za ku iya girma da ruwan hoda da fari clover. Fure-fure a kallon farko na iya zama ba tare da dadi ba, amma suna jin dadin ƙudan zuma. Tsire-tsire tana tsiro mai ban mamaki a yankin inda mutane da yawa ke tafiya. Bai ji tsoron kowace ruwan sama ko zafin jiki ba. Abinda zai zama mummunar cutarwa ga clover shine inuwa. Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da samun dama ga rana. Clover zuma yana da farin launi, mai ƙanshi mai ƙanshi kuma yana da matukar arziki a cikin abubuwan gina jiki. Zuwa kimanin kilo 100 na zuma za a iya girbe ta kowace hectare dasa tare da clover. Ya kamata a gudanar da shuka wannan shuka a watan Agusta. Don namo mai launi mai laushi na ruwan hoda zai buƙaci kilo 5 na tsaba da iri, domin farin - 3 kilogiram na kayan dasa. Za'a iya shuka tsaba fiye da 1 cm cikin ƙasa. Land bayan dasa shuki ya kamata a zubar da gari. Na farko harbe yakan bayyana a zahiri cikin makonni biyu. A flowering zamani zai dauki dukan rani, don haka beekeeper sosai riba don girma clover.
- Hyssop. Wannan inji shi ne asali daga Asia. Ya fara farawa a Yuli kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Flowers ruwan hoda ko lalac launi. Don girma shi a kan mãkirci, zaka iya amfani da tsaba ko kuma kawai raba rassan. Ba zai yiwu ba a yi zurfi a cikin tsaba da zurfin zurfi, matsakaicin zurfin ya zama kusan 0.5 cm, in ba haka ba za su ci gaba ba. Ya kamata a gudanar da ƙasa a ƙasa mai haske. Hyssop marasa amfani ga yanayin damuwa, yana jure sanyi da rashin rashin ruwa.
- Kotovnik feline. Wannan shuka kuma ana kira steppe Mint. Ya yi fure a farkon watan Yuli kuma ya ci gaba har sai yanayin daskarewa. Bushes suna ragu, kimanin 0.8 m Ƙudan zuma suna son wannan shuka sosai. Tsawan wasu lokuta sukan yi talauci a fili, don haka ya fi kyau amfani da seedlings, bayan shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena. Kotovnik yana son watering da wuri mai haske.
- Lofant. Wannan furen yana da kyau ga masu kiwon kudan zuma saboda yana girma da kyau a wuri ɗaya na shekaru 10. Ana iya yada shi ta hanyar seedlings ko tsaba. Zaɓin farko shine mafi sauri kuma mafi dacewa. Kyakkyawar bunkasa lofant za a inganta ta hanyar haske mai kyau na mãkirci, to, daji zai iya girma har zuwa 1.5 m a tsawo. Har ila yau, shrub yana iya tsayayya da sanyi da gajeren raƙuman ruwa, amma duk da wannan ya wajaba a sha ruwa kuma, idan ya yiwu, ya rufe shi daga sanyi.
- Gabashin goatling Wannan itace tsirrai ne wanda ba ya buƙatar da hankali sosai ga kansa. A matsakaici, tsirara zuwa 50 cm. Lokacin farawa zai fara a watan Mayu. Don yayi girma da kullun, dole ne a shuka tsaba a watan Yuli, don haka kafin zuwan yanayin sanyi, ya ci gaba da bunkasa. Tsaba wajibi ne a buƙacewa. Yawan aikin wannan shuka yana da kyau, zaka iya tattara kimanin kilo 200 na samfurin zuma daga 1 ha. A lokaci guda don shuka wannan yankin zai buƙaci kilo 28 na iri.
- Bruise talakawa. Yana da matukar riba don shiga cikin gonar wannan shuka. Bayan da aka ciyar da kilo 6 kawai na iri guda daya, zai yiwu a tattara kimanin kilo 800 na zuma daga baya. Zai fi kyau shuka shuka talakawa tare da wasu irin hatsi. Ya yi fure a farkon rabin Yuni tare da kananan furanni na ruwan hoda.
Don yasa launin rawaya ko farin Donnik da kansa, yana da muhimmanci don aiwatar da sassaukar tsaba, wannan zai taimaka wa sprouts su karya sauri. Ana ba da shawara a cikin farkon spring ko kafin sanyi ya auku. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da lokacin shuka don tsibirin suna da lokaci zuwa karya kafin lokacin sanyi. Ƙara yawan zuma zai iya kai kilo 270 na zuma a kowace hectare.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zai fi dacewa don zaɓar tsire-tsire don dasa shuki irin wannan tsire-tsire a lokuta daban-daban. Don haka ƙudan zuma za su kasance da aiki, kuma beekeeper zai sami sabo, mai dadi.
- Mordovnik sharogolovy. Very m shuka ga beekeeper. Tare da daya hectare, za ka iya samun kusan 1 ton na kayan dadi. An shuka wannan shuka tare da phacelia, saboda haka zai fi kyau a kafa tushe a shafin, kuma furanni zai wuce tsawon lokaci. Ya kamata a gudanar da shuka a cikin watan Maris, to, ta lokacin rani girma girma. A tsawo na mordovnik kai 2 m, furanni ne game da 4 cm in diamita. Lokacin flowering yana fada a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Honey daga mordovnika na haske inuwa tare da wari mai ban sha'awa, kuma ya mallaki dukan hadaddun abubuwa masu amfani.
- Phacelia Tsire-tsire a cikin abubuwan da ke ciki ba shi da kullun. Yana da kyau a cikin hunturu. Zai iya ba da kilo 600 na zuma a kowace hectare na yankin. Idan ana yin shuka a farkon Oktoba, furanni na farko zasu bayyana a watan Mayu. Ana sanya kayan shuka a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kimanin 2 cm, to, zafin farko zai bayyana cikin wata daya.
- Melissa. Ƙanshin wannan shuka yana da sha'awar ƙudan zuma. Lokaci na furan lemun tsami zai fara ko dai a cikin watan Yuli ko Agusta sannan kuma yana da tsawon watanni. Honey tattara daga lemun tsami balm sosai dadi kuma yana da m ƙanshi. A matsakaici, tsawon tsayi ɗaya na 90 cm.
Shin kuna sani? Wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma sukan rika yin aski tare da dumi. Anyi haka ne don ƙudan zuma su kwantar da hankali kuma su dawo gida.
- Kokwamba ganye. An kuma kira shi ogrechnik ko borage. Don dandana, wannan ganye tana kama da kokwamba, an kara da shi a farkon fararen sanyi da salads. A matsakaita, tsire-tsire na tsayi zuwa 80 cm. Zai zama mai kyau a yi girma a kowace ƙasa, amma ya fi kama da ƙasa mai baƙar fata. Lokaci na gudana - daga Yuli zuwa kaka. Wasu masu kudan zuma a wasu lokuta sukan yanke wadannan furanni wadanda suka yi hasara, to, a cikin 'yan makonni sababbin sababbin suna iya bayyana a wurinsu. Yawan aiki: kimanin kilo 1 na zuma za a iya girbe daga 1 ha. A shekara mai zuwa, ciyawa mai cikewa zai iya bunkasa shuka mai shuka, amma za'a rigaya ya ƙaddara.
- Dyagil. Wannan shuka zai iya girma har zuwa 2.5 m. Yana ƙaunar budewa, wuri mai laushi da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Daga daya hectare na shafin za ka iya tattara adadi mai yawan gaske. Ganye na buƙatar na yau da kullum da kuma matsakaici na watering, to, ƙanshin su ya fi dacewa ga ƙudan zuma. Dyagil ba ta jin tsoron sanyi, don haka babu buƙatar rufe shi. Ba tare da rasa ingancinta ba, yana da kyau a cikin hunturu.
- Goldenrod. Da kyau daga zuriyar. Idan an yi shuka a cikin bazara, za a bayana samfurori na farko a cikin makonni biyu. Yana girma har zuwa 1 m tsawo, furanni suna da launin launi kuma an tattara shi a kananan buds. Goldenrod zai iya girma akan kowane irin ƙasa.
- Adparcet. Gidan zai iya girma zuwa 70 cm a tsawo. Ana tattara furanni a cikin goga kuma suna da launi mai launi. Rabaran sainfoin ya fi kyau, ta hanyar dasawa a nan da nan bayan zuwan bazara. A tsaba da kansu kama wake. Suna buƙatar a dasa su a zurfin 3 cm kuma suna shayar sosai. Kasar gona na bukatar buƙatar, hasken rana - iyakar yiwu. Har ila yau, wannan shuka ya kamata a shayar da shi akai-akai. Yanki na 1 ha na iya ba da kimanin kilogiram 300 na zuma.
- Safflower. Tsarin zai yi girma sosai a wurin da duk amfanin gona na amfanin gona yake girma. Kasar gona tana buƙatar cin abinci. Zaka iya girma daga zuriyar, shuka ya kamata a gudanar da shi a farkon spring. Safflower na da ɗan gajeren lokacin flowering, don haka zuma zai iya zama dan kadan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zai fi kyau hada hada-sako tare da wasu tsire-tsire na zuma don samun adadin adadin zuma.
Asirin masu kiwon kudan zuma: yadda za a ci gaba da ci gaban shuke-shuke na zuma
An sani cewa tsire-tsire na zuma suna da ban sha'awa ga ƙudan zuma kawai a lokacin lokacin da suka yi fure. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa irin wannan tsire-tsire yana ci gaba.
Kwararrun kudan zuma masu kwarewa sun bada shawarar wannan dalili, da farko, don bincika abin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun riga sun kasance a kan shafin kuma a cikin kusanci nan gaba (ƙudan zuma na iya tashi sosai), da kuma gano lokacin da suka yi fure. Bisa ga bayanin da aka karɓa, zai yiwu a bugu da ƙari don yin shuka irin wadannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, lokacin da flowering zai canza.
Wajibi ne don tara kalanda na mai baƙar zuma ga kowane yanki daban. Bayan haka, ya kamata ya dogara bisa yanayin hawan yanayi da yanayi. Wajibi ne a zabi masu shinge masu aiki da yawa don noma, waɗanda za su yi girma a cikin wani yanki.
