Levka ko mattiola - m, luxuriantly flowering shuka tare da ban sha'awa ƙanshi. Sau da yawa an yi amfani da shi don yin ado gadaje na gadaje da gadajen zafi, amma a cikin tukunya a kan baranda wannan furen yana da haske sosai kuma ya dace, wanda ba abin da ke faruwa ba ne ga lambun lambu. Duk da haka Mattiola yana darajarta da masu shuka furanni don kyawawan furanni na furanni, da kuma ƙanshin ƙanshi da suke fitarwa.
Yanayi don girma mattioli (hagu)
- Rana
- Watering
- Samun iska
A baya can, Mattiola ta yi wasa ne kawai tare da flower flower, kuma mutane da yawa suna sha'awar: "Ko zai yiwu Levkoy yayi girma akan baranda?".
Amsar ita ce - zaka iya, saboda yanzu akwai nau'ikan iri iri, banda haka, injin yana buƙatar musayar gas din kuma yana tsoron damuwa mai yawa.
Kusan duk yanayin daji na daji, wanda yake buƙatar samun iska mai kyau, don kaucewa bayyanar kwari da cututtukan fungal, wanda yake da yawa kamar kayan abinci da danshi. 
Duk da haka, a gida a kan sayan ƙasa maras lafiya ƙasar Levka ba ta taɓa rinjayar kowace cututtuka ba. Dukkan shawarwarin don rigakafin cututtuka suna da alaka da iri iri.
A kan baranda za ka iya girma gladiolus, cloves, dumping, Dill, mai dadi da kyau, coriander, savory, cucumbers da tumatir.
Saukowa a gida
Levka zai zama da sauri cikin kayan ado na baranda ko terrace, idan kun bi buƙatun buƙatun don dasawa da kulawa.
Da farko kana buƙatar yanke shawara akan wurin da tukunya za su tsaya, sa'annan ka karbi damar yin shuka da girman da ake bukata da kuma kayan, kuma abin da ya fi wuya shi ne ya zabi nau'ukan da ake so daga dukan iri-iri. 
Shin kuna sani? Abin ban al'ajabi, amma har yanzu d ¯ a Romawa sun yaba da kyawawan furanni da kayan yaji na furanni kuma sun yi amfani da su don yin ado da dakunan bukukuwan da kuma opochivalen.
Tsarin shirye
Mattiola ta girma ne daga tsaba da aka girbe daga tsire-tsire a cikin tsakiyar kaka. Hanyoyin hagu suna da siffar zagaye da kuma kaiwa 2.5-3 mm. a kan iyaka, a gefuna suna da iyakar farar fata.
Nau'in launi ya bambanta daga zaitun mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa, kuma zaka iya siyan su a kowane kantin kayan sana'a ko ta Intanit.
Hanyar don shirye-shirye na tsaba don dasa shuki iri ya hada da matakai biyu:
- Jiƙa. Soaking yana da ayyuka guda biyu: haɓaka girma da kuma cututtuka. Ruwa na ruwa yana bunkasa girma kuma yana taimaka wa makomar nan gaba ta hanyar harsashi mai wuya. Ga mafi kyau seedlings, da tsaba an sanya a cikin ruwan dumi na kimanin yini, domin kumburi. Yayin da ake yin haka, ana aiwatar da hanyar maganin cututtukan iri, domin ana iya samun spores na fungi da sauran pathogens ba a cikin ƙasa kawai ba, amma har ma a kan tsaba. Fungi ba mummunan ba ne ga busassun tsaba, tun lokacin da wannan ya bukaci sharaɗɗa mai kyau don ci gaban su, wanda, da rashin alheri, sau da yawa ya dace daidai da sharaɗɗan sharaɗɗa don ƙwaya da iri. Don yin rigakafi, zaka iya amfani da wani bayani mai karfi na potassium permanganate (mai ruwan hoda) ko soda a madadin 1 tbsp. l soda da lita na ruwa.
- Stratification. Stratification wani misali ne na yanayin hunturu, lokacin da akwai ci gaba mai girma na amfrayo a cikin kwasfa kuma an yi amfani da ƙaho mai tsayi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sanyi da danshi. Bayan haka, ana yadu tsaba a kan asali (kwayoyin halitta, auduga, tsalle na itace ko vermiculite) da kuma sanya su cikin firiji don kwanaki 4-6. Wajibi ne a rarraba tsaba a kan tushen rigar, da guje wa daidaituwa da kariyar tsaba tare da juna. Tun daga ranar 3, an bada shawarar kula da seedlings na gaba, kamar yadda akwai yiwuwar farkon germination da gyaran kafa.
A zabi na iya aiki da ƙasa don dasa
Ƙarfi. Ana shuka tsaba na lewkoy a cikin kwantena ko cassettes na musamman da kuma trays don seedlings. Har ila yau, don waɗannan dalilai, wasu lokuta sukan yi amfani da kofuna waɗanda za a iya amfani da shi, amma an ba da halaye na kula da seedlings, kwantena da kaset zai zama mafi dacewa. 
Za a iya zaɓin zabi a madadin kananan-greenhouses. Irin wannan abu ne mai yiwuwa ba a samu a gida a cikin wani mai amfani ba, amma yana da kyau, amma mai dacewa kuma an tsara shi don amfani da ita.
Ƙasa Levkos yana jin dadi a kan ƙasa mai laushi, da ƙasa mai laushi, don haka ƙasa mai baƙar fata zai zama mafi kyaun zabi a gare su, da yashi da ƙasa mai laushi.
Amma idan mukayi magana game da seedlings, to, zaka iya sayan wani nau'i na musamman don shuka tsaba. Ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa da ƙasa mai nauyi ba za su yi aiki ba tukuna.
Tsara fasaha
Tsaba sun zurfafa cikin ƙasa mai yalwa mai maɓalli ko matsayi na musamman zuwa zurfin kimanin 0.5 cm Distance tsakanin tsaba ya zama akalla 1.5 cm, don haka harbe ba su tsoma baki da juna.
Kada ku damu da wace hanya don saka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa - yana da za su sami hanyar zuwa filin.
Bayan ajiye tsaba a cikin ƙasa, akwati ko cassette ga seedlings an rufe shi da filastik filastik (wannan shi ne inda karamin gine-gine yana da amfani) kuma an sanya shi a cikin duhu don kwanaki 4-6. A wannan lokacin, ba a yasa ƙasa ba. Hakanan, bayan lokacin da aka ƙayyade, ƙwayar za ta fara farfadowa a ƙasa, amma wani lokaci wannan tsari yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 14-15.
Idan lokacin jinkirta ya jinkirta ga wannan lokaci, yana da kyau don bincika ruwan ƙasa kuma, idan ya cancanta, ruwa shi.
Tsarin kulawa da zanawa
Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a dasa Levkoy a ƙarshen Maris ko tsakiyar watan Afrilu, kamar yadda furen yake da hankali kuma yana dogara ne akan yawan canjin yanayi. Alal misali, don seedlings da yanayin zafin jiki - 12-13 ° C.A lokacin daga germination don dasa shuki a cikin tukunya mai tsayi, seedlings ma na bukatar kulawa ta musamman. Da zarar tsire-tsire suna yin hanya a cikin ƙasa, wajibi ne a sanya wuri tare da tsire-tsire a wuri mai kyau kuma cire fim din.
Tabbas, a wannan lokacin ya kamata karshen watan Afrilu ko farkon watan Mayu, don haka yawan zafin jiki a kan baranda ko gidan waya, inda aka kawo kwandon, ba zai wuce 12-13 ° C. Daga seedlings kana buƙatar cire fim ɗin ko buɗe murfin ginin gine-gine, dangane da abin da kuka yi amfani da shi. 
Tun daga lokacin da aka fitar da tsire-tsire a rana da nutsewa, akalla makonni biyu dole ne su wuce, a lokacin da seedlings zasu kara karfi kuma tsarin tushen su zai zama cikakkiyar ci gaba don ɗaukar lalacewa mara yiwu a yayin shukawa.
Bayan makonni biyu, seedlings suna nutsewa a cikin kwantena masu rarraba, idan akwai akwati, kuma idan seedlings suna cikin cassettes na musamman, ba a aiwatar da wannan hanya ba. Bayan mako guda, za a iya kwashe ku zuwa tukunya mai tsabta.
Na farko fertilizing tare da ma'adinai da takin mai magani da aka yi da zarar biyu karfi ganye bayyana a kan seedlings.
Saukowa a cikin tukwane da kulawa
Bayan ƙananan mattiols sun fi karfi, dasa su a cikin tukwane, kuma kula da su zai kunshi kawai a cikin watering da kuma ciyar da lokaci.
Matasa da manya ba su da kyau a kulawa. Ana yi musu haƙuri ta hanyar saukewa masu yawa a cikin zafin jiki ko da ƙananan frosts. zuwa -5 ° C. 
Girman tukunya za a iya zaba a nufin da kuma dogara da yawan seedlings da kuka shirya. A matsakaici, kowanne sapling na gefen hagu na hagu yana da kimanin 8 cm ² a wurinta. Za a iya dasa shuka kuma a lokacin farin ciki, a yanayin iska mai kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba lallai ba ne don dasa dukkan tsire-tsire. Don kafawar tukunya yana da kyau a zabi mafi girma da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Idan ka bar kome duka, to, tsire-tsire masu karfi za su kashe masu rauni, wanda hakan zai zama mummunan da mummuna, kawai don rufe duhu.Anyi dashi ne a hanyar da aka saba.: tare da ƙananan ƙasa mai yiwuwa ne, an cire tushen ƙwayar matashi daga furen wucin gadi, bayan haka an binne shi a cikin wani sabon ƙasa, a cikin wani wuri da aka shirya a baya.
Bayan an dasawa, a saman layi na duniya dole ne a matsa ta dan kadan (amma ba karfi ba!) Domin gyara matakan da ke ƙasa gaba daya.
Watering hagu a baranda
Levka yana son ruwan danshi kuma yana buƙatar watering a kowane lokaci sau ɗaya a mako guda. 
Yana da muhimmanci a la'akari da yanayin yanayi da kuma yawan bushewa na ƙasa - wannan ya zama babban alama na mita na ban ruwa. Watering ya zama ruwan da ya dace da ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki.
Taki da kula da ƙasa
Mattiol ba za a hadu da shi ba. A lokuta daban-daban na kakar girma, injin yana buƙatar daban-daban kwayoyin da ma'adinai masu ma'adinai kuma wannan hujja ba za a iya saka shi ba.
Ba za a hadu da ƙasa ba kafin dasa shuki, yafi ma'adinai na ma'adinai ana amfani dashi ga wannan furen, idan ka yanke shawarar amfani da takin, ka tabbata cewa ya isa cikakke, in ba haka ba zai iya samun sakamako mai kyau. 
A lokacin flowering, ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na potassium da phosphorus, kuma yayin da ake cigaba da cigaba da budding, ana bada shawarar da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci.
Shin kuna sani? Yana da wuya a yi imani, amma hagu yana cikin iyali ɗaya kamar kabeji sananne da muka sani, kuma yawancin littattafai na kabeji sun dace da mattiola.Yayin da ake ci gaba a kan ƙasa, an bada shawara don sasantawa da yalwaci daga cikin ƙanshin ƙasa wanda tsire-tsire masu girma suna girma.
A little game da cututtuka da kwari na flower
Mafi haɗari bay cuta - crucifa crucilla. Haka kuma cutar ta haifar da naman gwari da ke kan rhizome na shuka, bayan haka zai haifar da lalacewar dukkanin tushen tsarin kuma, daidai da haka, mutuwar shuka. 
Kila shi ne annobar dukan 'yan iyalin kabeji, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba'a bada shawara don dasa hagu a shafukan da aka yi amfani dashi don dasa wasu nau'in giciye.
- Cutar cututtuka. Haka kuma cutar tana nuna kanta a kan tushen da kuma a saman ɓangaren tsire-tsire: girma da yawancin nau'o'i suna fitowa a kan tushen, da kuma tsintsa da furen furen suna fure da fararen fata. Har ila yau, ana iya ganin bayyanar cututtuka kawai a kan tushen tsire-tsire.
- Jiyya. Mafi magani mafi kyau ga keels - rigakafin ƙasa. Don sakamako mai sauri, ana amfani da masu amfani da kayan ƙwarewa marasa amfani, alal misali, Gidazim. By hanyar, ya dace da magani na riga ya shafi seedlings. Hanyar gargajiya na magani sun haɗa da dasa shuki albarkatu na iyalin nightshade a kan ƙasa da aka shafa, wanda a farkon kakar cire kayan dabbar naman alade daga ƙasa. Idan furen ya fara wuya, ana fitar da shi kuma an cire tare da dintsi na ƙasa kewaye da rhizome. Ya kamata a lura cewa tare da tukunyar tukunya, chances na kamuwa da cuta tare da keel ne kusan zero.
Ƙafafun ƙwayar ƙafa da ƙuƙwalwa. Har ila yau, cututtukan fungal ne, masu tasowa a kan tushen yanayin zafi mai tsanani, rashin iska mai iska da yanayin zafi.- Cutar cututtuka. Kwayoyin cututtuka na kafafu baƙar fata suna da wuyar fahimta - an rufe ta da baƙar fata baki daya kuma inji ya mutu. Rashin ƙaryar karya yana haifar da bayyanar launin toka, kama da launin fure a kan kore ɓangaren furen (musamman ma a bayan gefen leaf).
- Jiyya. Kamar yadda yake a cikin keel, magani mafi kyau shine rigakafi, amma idan matsala ta riga ta shiga, to, kuyi ƙasa da daya daga cikin kwayoyi kamar Baktofit, Fitosporin ko Phytophthorine - wanda za ku iya samun. Umurnai don amfani zasu kasance a kan kunshin. Akwai magunguna masu magani, irin su turbaya da ash, dafawa da rauni (1:10) bayani na vodka, irin wadannan hanyoyin ana amfani da ita don tsire-tsire da ake amfani dashi a cikin abinci.
Jarabawa. Cruciferous ƙuma - Wani cuta mafi yawancin kabeji. Wadannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne waɗanda suke cin abinci a kan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire. 
Abincin da suke so shi ne launi.wanda wani lokaci sukan cinye gabobin. Ba kamar cututtukan fungal ba, yanayin zafi yana son zafi, don haka za su iya bayyana a lokacin lokacin fari.
- Cutar cututtuka. A cikin tukunya yana da sauƙi don ganin wadannan kwari suna gani. Abubuwan alamun farko sune ƙananan ramuka a cikin foliage.
- Yakin. Masu gicciye ba sa son danshi, don haka tare da ruwan sha na yau da kullum ba za su ji dadi ba. Har ila yau, yin amfani da cakuda ash da turbaya don ƙosar da ƙasa da ganye na hagu. Daidaita spraying na kasar gona da flower tare da rauni acetic bayani a cikin rabo: 1 tsp vinegar a kan 1 lita. ruwa.
Fungicides cewa kashe da kuma halakar da pathogens daga cikin shuke-shuke: "Abiga-Pik", "Alirin B", Bordeaux cakuda, "Delan", "Albit", "Brunka", "Fundazol", "Scor", "Topaz", "Strobe ".Yi hankali da kuma sha'awar masu amfani da launuka masu launin launuka mai launin fata daga rani zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Sa'a mai kyau!
