Daga cikin iri-iri bishiyoyi da ya kamata suyi alama. Abin da ba'a sanya shi daga berries na wannan itace ba: ƙira, 'ya'yan itace, shaguna da jams sun kasance sun zama sababbin ka'idoji a cikin ɗayan ɗayan uwargidan. Bugu da kari, mai dadi da m cherries sukan amfani da su yi ado da wuri ko a matsayin cika ga buns, dumplings da sauran yi jita-jita. Duk da haka, idan wasu nau'in tsire-tsire sune manufa don wannan dalili, wasu basu da dandano mai dadi. A cikin wannan labarin zamu magana game da ceri da aka kira "Black large", wanda yake da siffofinsa na musamman, da sauran dangi, yana da nasa bukatun don dasawa da kulawa na gaba.
Cherry "Black manyan": bayanin
Abin takaici, a cikin rani na yau da kullum rassan gidaje suna zama ƙasa da na kowa. Yawancin mazauna rani sun ki yarda su bunkasa su don su ji daɗin ƙanshi mai dadi, wanda ya fi dacewa da sauƙin da ya fi kyau. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, fiye da 150 da iri-iri masu ban sha'awa da suka sha'awa sun bayyana, wanda Black Large yake.
Dukkan nau'o'in cherries suna raba su ta hanyar girening: farkon ("Chocolate Girl"), tsakiyar-ripening ("Kharitonovskaya", "Vladimirskaya"), marigayi-ripening ("Matasa", "Turgenevka").
Idan mukayi magana game da bayyanar wannan itace, yana da ƙananan (kimanin mita 3-4) kuma yana fitowa tare da kambi a kan kambi a siffar wani dala. A haushi na gangar jikin da twigs ne duhu launin toka (greenish a kan matasa harbe), dan kadan m da ba crack. A kan tsayi na matsakaici na matsakaici, manyan ƙananan halayen suna bayyane.
Cherry "Black babba" yana da ƙananan buds wanda ba su dace da harbe, kuma manyan manyan ganye suna da duhu a launi tare da kananan hakora a gefen gefuna.
Shin kuna sani? An samo iri-iri na Black da yawa ta hanyar tsallaka wasu 'yan cherries "Blackberry mai amfani" da "Zhukovskaya", yayin da A.Ya. Voronchikhina - manomi na Rossosh tashar.
Ƙananan masu girma sun bambanta da furanni na itace waɗanda suke girma a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyi na 2-3. Bã su da furen fararen fata, dan kadan darkening by karshen flowering.
Wannan iri-iri ne kuma yana mamaye manyan bishiyoyi, wanda yawancin abin ya kai kimanin mita dari. Suna da m, m, mai duhu ja, abin da suke daraja da lambu. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan yana daya daga cikin iri mafi kyau, wanda ma yana da dandano mai dadi sosai.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dutsen dutse yana sauƙin rabu da ɓangaren litattafan almara, don haka ba dole ba ne ka sami datti don cire shi.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da cherries "Black manyan"
Ƙarin "Black Manyan" yana da dukkanin abũbuwan amfãni, ko da yake bayaninsa bai kamata yayi la'akari da rashin amfani ba. Da yake magana game da abubuwan da ake amfani da ita, ya kamata a lura da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa da sauri, wanda za'a iya girbe kimanin lita 15-25 na lambuna daya (shekaru 6-8).
Bugu da ƙari, yana da sosai sanyi resistant wani zaɓi wanda zai iya jure yanayin zafi kamar low -32 ° -34 ° C ba tare da cin zarafin kodan ba. A hanyar, an dakatar da itacen da lokacin busassun, wanda ba zai tasiri ingancin amfanin gona ba.
Dole ne a sanya alamar "Black Large" da kuma manufa ta duniya, wato, berries suna daidai da kyau don aiki (jam, jams, jam, compotes), da kuma amfani da sabon amfani ko daskarewa (ana ajiye su a cikin firiji har zuwa watanni biyu).
Bugu da ƙari, wannan iri-iri yana nuna lokacin da aka fara sa maye, wanda ke nufin cewa ku da sauri (a farkon Yuli) zai iya jin dadin manyan bishiyoyi masu juyayi.
Amma game da kuskuren Black Cherry ceri, lokacin da girma da shi, kana buƙatar shirya maka "taro" tare da cututtuka masu lahani, tun a cikin sanyi da kuma rigar yanayin itacen yana sau da yawa shafi moniliasis ko coccomycosis. Yayin da aka yi amfani da ƙwar zuma a tsawon shekaru 15 zuwa 15, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ragu da shekaru, wanda kuma baya ƙarfafawa.
Karanta kuma game da naman karamar karamar daji, da kaya, da tukwane.
Yadda za a shuka wani ceri
Duk da misalai da aka bayyana iri-iri, har yanzu akwai wasu bukatun don dasawa da kulawa. Saboda haka, kafin ka ci gaba da dasa shuki matashi, ka tabbata la'akari da wadannan shawarwari.
Yadda za a zabi wani wuri don dasa shuki cherries
Babban sanyi mai sanyi na ceri baya nufin cewa za a iya dasa shi a ko'ina. Ya kamata ku kasance mai sha'awar kawai a wurare masu kyau, da dumi da kuma kariya daga iskoki daga arewa. Kamar sauran cherries, wannan iri-iri yana da haske mai haske, ko da yake zai iya girma a cikin inuwa.
Saboda haka, wurare na kudancin shafinku cikakke ne. Ba'a bada shawara don dasa itace a wurare kusa da ruwan karkashin kasa ko a ƙananan ƙasa, inda a cikin ruwa akwai sau da yawa yakan samo matsanancin ruwan sha.
Black Cherry bukatun don ƙasa
A cikin sharuddan ƙasa abun da ke ciki, Black Large Cherry seedlings ba su da manyan bukatunDuk da haka, ya fi kyau shuka a cikin yashi mai haske ko ƙasa mai laushi, wanda aka tayar da shi kuma a lebe shi a gaba (400 grams na lemun tsami ana amfani da su 1 mota). Kwana guda bayan dafa ƙasa, ana amfani da takin gargajiya (10-15 kg na takin da 1 mota).
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za ku iya yin kwayoyin halitta a lokaci guda tare da lemun tsami ba. Bayan an rage yankin ya zama akalla mako daya.
Yadda za a shuka itace na "Black large" ceri
Lokaci mafi kyau don dasa shuki cherries shine tsakiyar watan Afrilu, tun daga wannan lokaci duniya ta warke sama kuma buds basu fara farawa ba.. Ana kirga diamita na dasa rami bisa ga girman rhizome na seedling kuma yawanci game da 80 cm. A zurfin, shimfiɗar dasa zai kai 50-60 cm.
A lokacin da ke rike rami, an kawar da Layer mai laushi mafi girma, gauraye tare da humus (a cikin rabo 1: 1), bayan haka 1 kg na ash, 20-25 grams na potassium chloride da kuma siffar superphosphate 30-40 grams an kara da su a cikin magungunan ƙasa.
Lokacin da aka shirya wuri, an tura babban tudu a tsakiyar rami (ya kamata a yi shudi 30-40 cm sama da farfajiya), da kuma zuba cakuda ƙasa a kan tsaka (10-15 kg na topsoil gauraye da 0.4 kilogiram na superphosphate da kuma 0 , 5 kilogiram na ash).
An shigar da sapling akan wannan tudu na ƙasa, amma a irin wannan hanyar wuyansa na itace 6-7 cm sama da surface. Bayan da ka daidaita da asalin shuka sosai, ya kamata ka haɓaka ƙasa sosai, dan kadan ka rusa shi don kada a bar wasu hanyoyi.
Bayan dasa shuki a kusa da seedling a nesa na 25-30 cm, yi rami tare da abin nadi na ƙasa a tarnaƙi. An zuba guga na ruwa a ciki, kuma da zaran an saka ruwa sosai kuma wuyansa na wuyansa yana a saman yanayin shafin, an gindin sashin igiya na itace tare da peat, humus ko sawdust da kuma seedling an daura da wani peg.
Shin kuna sani? "Black babba" ba ya shafi nau'ikan cherries, don haka, ba zai iya yin nazari ba. Idan akai la'akari da wannan, Turgenevka, Kentskaya, Zhukovskaya, Rossoshanskaya Chernaya da wasu wasu nau'o'in suna dauke da makwabta masu kyau da irin wadannan itatuwan.
Yadda za a magance seedlings
Ba za a iya cewa, dangane da kulawa ba, iri-iri na Black Large ya bambanta da sauran nau'o'in ceri da yawa, duk da haka, saman miya, watering da pruning na shuka suna da halaye na kansu. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a biya hankali ga batun batun magance cututtuka daban-daban na ƙwayar cuta wanda irin wannan nau'in ya sha wuya sau da yawa.
Watering da "Black manyan"
Tun da ceri ne "Black Large" - fari shuka shuka (ana nuna wannan a cikin halayensa), bazai buƙatar buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. A karo na farko ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙasa nan da nan bayan flowering na ceri (a lokaci guda kamar yadda ake ciyar da ita), kuma na biyu - tare da karuwa a cikin girman berries.
Duk da haka, idan lokacin rani zai zama zafi da bushe, to, ƙarin injin ruwa ba zai zama mai zurfi ba, wanda ke nufin cewa za a karu zuwa sau 2-3 a wata. Ga wani watering yana cinye kimanin 2-3 buckets na ruwa da kowane itace.
Bayan ruwan sama, tsaftacewar kasar gona ko hadi a cikin ƙasa, wajibi ne don sassauta zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm, da kuma ciyawa akai-akai zai taimaka wajen riƙe da danshi a ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana kwantar da ƙasa a kusa da ceri a akalla sau uku a kowace kakar, amma a hankali don kada ya lalata tushen bishiyar.
Kayan lafiyar abinci mai gina jiki da kula da ƙasa
Fertilizing a cikin ƙasa fara da bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan itacen. An hade da takin mai magani (humus ko takin) a cikin ƙasa ba sau ɗaya ba sau biyu a kowace shekaru biyu, yayin da ake amfani da ma'adinai sau biyu a shekara. A karkashin katangar kaka yana da kyau don ƙara potassium da phosphorus zuwa ƙasa, kuma don yin nitrogen a cikin bazara. Kowace shekara biyar, ƙasa ƙasa ce mai laushi ko kuma dolomite gari.
Pruning irin cherries "Black Large"
Dole ne a kafa kambi na kowane ceri, wanda ke ba da ladaran rassan rassan da harbe. Amma ga fasalin da aka bayyana, yana da kullum ba ya jure wa ƙarfisabili da haka, kowace spring rassan da harbe kan 40 cm ya kamata a taqaitaccen.
Sassan da ke girma a cikin kambi suna ƙarƙashin sauƙin cirewa. A cikin itace mai girma, dole ne a bar rassa fiye da 10, wanda ba kawai zai sa ya zama mafi kyau kuma mai kyau ba, amma zai rage mawuyacin lamarin moniliasis (idan an gudanar da hanya daidai).
A yayin da ake yin gyaran kafa, domin a guje wa katako, dukkanin rassan ba dole ba ne a yanke su a cikin zobe, a lokaci guda suna shimfiɗa sababbin sassan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ka lura da lalacewa a cikin girma daga itacen, zaka iya ciyar da pruning mai haske.
Ana yin shi a shekara ta 60-80 cm, wanda ya ba ka izinin rassan rassan 3-4 a matakin farko da shtamb wani tsawo na 30-50 cm. A gaba mai zuwa, mai gudanarwa ya ragu da kashi 0.6-0.8 m daga mafi girma rassan na farko bene. A cikin mataki na biyu barin rassan rassan 2-3, an sanya shi a ko'ina a cikin akwati.
Major cututtuka da kuma karin kwari da manyan-fruited cherries
Halin halayen nau'in fasalin da aka bayyana shi ne hali ga irin wannan cututtuka irin su moniliosis da coccomycosis, daga bisan ganyayyaki na bishiya kuma wasu lokuta suna shan wahala.
An bayyana alamun farko na bayyanar coccomicosis a cikin samuwar ƙananan launin ruwan kasa a waje na leaf. A tsawon lokaci, suna karuwa a cikin girman, kuma kasan ganyayyaki suna rufe da ruwan hoda. Ya shafa ya bushe da sauri kuma ya fadi. Maganar rashin lafiya canza yanayin kuma juya baki.
Don kare ceri daga coccomycosis, zaka iya amfani da wadannan kwayoyi: Skor, Topaz, Topsin-M, Abiga-Peak.
Duk da haka, ko da tare da irin wannan cututtuka, coccomycosis ba mummunar mummunan itace ba ne kamar kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke shafar dukkan sassa na shuka: ganye, rassan, harbe da berries. A lokacin sanyi da sanyi, cutar tana tasowa sosai, kuma fadada launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye (kama da konewa) ana maye gurbinsu da sauri a kan raunuka, da harbe da berries.
Rashin magani na dace zai lalata itacen, don haka a farkon bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka ya wajaba don cire dukkanin sassa masu kamuwa da cuta, tattara kayan da aka fadi, yanke sassa ɓangaren haushi daga gangar jikin kuma kone su.
A cikin yaki da ilimin kwayoyin halitta, ana amfani dashi da kashi 3% na ruwa na Bordeaux wanda aka saba amfani dasu don dalilai masu guba, amma a cikin maida hankali na 1%. A cikin yakin da coccomycosis, rassan bishiyoyi tare da magungunan man shanu sun kasance mafi ma'auni.
Yana da sauƙi a samo su a kasuwar yanzu, amma lokacin da zaɓar shi yafi kyau don ba da fifiko ga magungunan kwayoyi, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau ba kawai a kan fuskar takardar ba, amma kuma ya hana jigilar spores a ciki. Duk da cewa farashin su ya fi girma, za su amfana.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dangane da yanayin a cikin kakar daya, ana iya buƙatar magunguna daban-daban.
Kada ku ji tsoron yin amfani da mahaɗin sunadarai a farkon bayyanar wadannan cututtuka, saboda abin da ya faru da kwayar cutar ba ta da hatsari fiye da irin wannan cuta.
Black Manyan: Girbi
Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, cikakke nau'ikan cherries na iri-iri "Black Large" sun fara a farkon Yuli, kuma ana iya girbi amfanin gona a cikin shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa. Idan kun bi duk bukatun da ake kulawa da wannan itace, to, yana da lokacin wannan lokacin duhu, manyan bishiyoyi masu juyayi zasu jira ku.
Kamar plums, ana ba da shawarar da za a girbe cherries kwanaki 2-3 kafin su cika balaga, wato, da zarar ka lura cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa a kan bishiya sun yi duhu, za ka iya ɗaukar matakan kuma fara karban su. Yana da mafi dacewa don yanke cherries tare da goge kusa da wuri na abin da aka makala na tushe zuwa itacen-itace.
A wannan yanayin, ana sanya dukkan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau a guga ko wasu ganga, an tsara su don 4-8 kg, kuma sun lalace ko mummuna berries suna tattara a cikin akwati dabam. Idan ka karbi cherries ba tare da wani tushe ba, dole ne ka yi amfani da su a wuri-wuri, tun da za su bar ruwan 'ya'yan itace a ciki kuma ba za a adana su ba.
Dole ne a dauki nauyin girbi a safiya (da zarar raɓa ya sauko), ba shakka, batun yanayin bushe da sanyi.
Kula da duk bukatun masana'antu, a kowace shekara za ku sami albarkatu masu kyau don kowane irin kiyayewa da yin burodi, saboda nau'in ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar Black Ƙari mai kyau tana karɓa da hankali.
