Mattiola mai launin fatar, ko Levkoy, wani lokaci ne da aka saba da ganye. A gefen hagu ya yi ado da lambuna na zamanin Girka., inda aka ba da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi "farin fata" (Girkanci: λευκό - fari, ον - violet). An dasa wannan shuka a Holland a 1568, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ya yi ado da shingen gonaki na sarauta, da gidajen daji da gonaki na gaba, dakunan taruwa da gidajen ibada na kusan dukkanin kasashen Turai.
Zaɓi na launin mattiola launin toka: lokacin flowering, tsawo na iri-iri da lokaci na cigaba
A cikin yanayi, ana iya samun girma Mattiola a cikin Rumunan, Asia Minor, Caucasus da Canary Islands. A Turai da ƙasashen CIS, kawai ƙwayoyin furanni suna girma. A halin yanzu, akwai kimanin nau'i 600 na mattiola, wanda ya bambanta a siffar, tsawo na daji, launi na furanni da kuma lokacin flowering. Abincin kawai tare da terry, seedless, furanni yana da darajar ado. Kuma daga tsaba girma jinsuna tare da furanni mai sauƙi. Sau da yawa, 70-90% na furanni da buds biyu suna bunkasa albarkatun gona, sauran kuma suna da sauki. Masu shuka furanni sun cimma wannan ta hanyar zabar gwaji, suna la'akari da siffofin siffofi.
Bisa ga lokacin ci gaba, irin waɗannan nau'o'i sun bambanta:
- Winter (var. Hibema) - al'adun al'adu, ana amfani dasu don distillation. Idan kun shuka shi a Yuni-Yuli, to, launi zai bada bazara ta gaba.
- Autumn (var. Autumnalis) - a lokacin da aka shuka a watan Maris-Afrilu, ya yi bango da ƙarshen lokacin rani - farkon lokacin kaka, kuma ya ba da tsaba ta shekara ta gaba. Shin, ba zazzagewa a cikin ƙasa na tsakiya ba kuma ana amfani dasu don tilas.
- Summer (var. Annua) - sown a bude ƙasa a cikin marigayi Afrilu - farkon May. Don ƙara lokacin flowering, ya fi kyau shuka seedlings, saboda gaskiyar kwanaki 70-100 sun wuce daga shuka zuwa farkon flowering. A wannan lokacin, kafin lokacin fara sanyi, ya kamata shuka ya sami lokacin yin furanni.
- low - 15-30 cm tsawo;
- matsakaici - daga 30 zuwa 50 cm;
- high - daga 50 zuwa 70 cm.
- Terry (Quedlinburg). Daban wannan rukuni tare da furanni guda biyu suna da launi kore mai launi a cikin jihar cotyledonous. Levka tare da furanni, a matsayin mai mulkin, duhu kore.
Fure-fure tare da terry inflorescences sun hada da peonies, hydrangea, Kalanchoe Kalandiva, shekara-shekara asters, heather.Bisa ga lokacin flowering da al'ada, irin waɗannan rukuni sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Tsari mai tsayi - 45-65 cm tsayi, rassan, sprawling bushes, siffa-pyramidal siffar. Bar obovate ko lanceolate, amma manyan, graphite kore a launi, tare da santsi ko lagge baki. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna da manyan, daga 13 zuwa 20 cm cikin tsawon, tare da furanni mai haske har zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Wannan jinsin yana fure daga watan Yuni na watanni biyu.
- Bashy bashy - tsawo daga 25 zuwa 40 cm, m ko Semi-sprawling, m reshe, spherical bushes. Ganye-kore ganye suna da kyau ko lanceolate. Tsawon tsinkaya daga 12 zuwa 20 cm tare da furanni guda biyu har zuwa 4.5 cm a diamita. Flowering fara a Yuni da blooms na watanni 2.
- Late tall bushy - karfi branched, m-pyramidal bushes, har zuwa 60 cm high. A kunkuntar elongated ganye na kore launi da obovate, lanceolate ko m siffar, tare da dukan ko maras kyau gefuna gefuna. Duka mai zurfi har zuwa 50 cm, tare da furanni mai tsayi har zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Lamarin cultivar ya fara daga Yuli don kwanaki 50.
- Hanya shida-ƙwayar-ƙwayar ƙira guda ɗaya ko rassan rassan, har zuwa 80 cm high. Saki ƙananan inflorescences har zuwa 60 cm tsawo tare da manyan ƙananan densely-sized fure har zuwa 6 cm a diamita. Tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, sama a kaikaice. Kwayoyin suna da wuri sosai, suna farawa daga Yuni, daga watanni 1 zuwa 2, kuma ana bada shawarar don yankan.
- Gyara - raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu:
- Remontatory (Dresden) - karfi da aka haɗe bushes kai 60 cm tsawo. Ƙinƙasasshen ƙasa suna friable, tare da manyan furanni tare da diamita na har zuwa 5 cm. Ganye-kore ganye suna da siffar elongated-oval, tare da gefuna masu kyau ko ƙaddara. Fara farawa a Yuni-Yuli har zuwa Nuwamba.
- Large-flowered marigayi (Bismarck) - rassan itatuwa masu karfi har zuwa 70 cm tsayi. Saki ƙananan hanyoyi masu girma da yawa, suna kai mita 5.5 cikin diamita, furanni masu yawa. Babba cikakkun ganye suna da siffar mai elongated. Late iri, suna farawa daga Yuli zuwa sanyi.
- Pyramidal - bisa ga tsawo daga cikin tsire-tsire suna rabu zuwa rukuni guda biyu:
- Dwarf isa kawai 25 cm a tsawo, pyramidal, branched. Karamin inflorescences suna da manyan furanni da diamita na har zuwa 4.5 cm. An yi fentin manyan, dukan, ganye mai laushi a cikin duhu mai duhu, launin toka-kore, launi mai launi. Sauran nau'i na farko, daga Yuni zuwa kwanaki 50.
- Tsawon-sama - mai karfi zuwa rassan bishiyoyi, ƙananan bishiyoyi, har zuwa 45 cm tsayi. Ƙirƙirar ƙananan raƙuman ruwa har tsawon karfe 18 cm tare da furanni tare da diamita har zuwa 4.5 cm. Ganye suna da fadi, elongated da oval a siffar. Tsakanin iri-iri, flowering daga Yuni don watanni 2.
- Giant manyan-flowered - rabi-tsayi har zuwa 50 cm, tsayi har zuwa 80 cm, suna da siffar pyramidal. Ƙananan furanni biyu sun kai 5 cm a diamita. Elongated-oval, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da zagaye ko ƙari. Tsaka-tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire ne daga Yuni zuwa Satumba
- Bombed gigantic - leafy daji leafy daji, har zuwa 60 cm tsayi. Ƙananan launin toka-koren ganye suna da nau'i mai tsauri ko maƙasudin siffar. Babban mahimmanci shine babba, har zuwa tsawon 25 cm, sako-sako da, fara farawa a baya fiye da layi. Gustomarovye furanni kai 4.5 cm a diamita. Lates iri, suna farawa daga Yuli zuwa kwanaki 50. Girma don flower gadaje da kuma yanke.
- Bouquet (Victoria) - tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu tsayi, har zuwa mita 35. Ƙananan bluish-kore ganye suna da siffar mai elongated mai kyau da kuma m baki. Babban magungunan na ainihi suna kusan a daidai wannan matakin tare da na gefe, ƙananan ko ƙananan-densely. Ƙananan furanni guda biyu tare da diamita na har zuwa 3.5 cm. Tsakanin farkon iri dake fara farawa a Yuni da fiye da kwanaki 75. A amfani da wannan iri-iri na levkoev - girma ga yankan, tukwane, rabatok da kuma flower gadaje.
- Babban itace mai laushi - mai haɗuwa a cikin ɓangaren tsire-tsire, kai 90 cm a tsawo. Ƙananan furanni guda biyu har zuwa 6 cm a diamita, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin ƙananan, amma manyan nau'o'i masu launin launuka mai haske. Ƙananan ganye suna da wani elongated, siffar daji da kuma bakin ciki. Bloom daga Yuni zuwa watanni biyu. Girma don yankan, rabatok da rukuni.
- Korotkovitvistye (Erfurt) - karfi mai laushi, leafy, m bushes har zuwa 40 cm tsayi, da siffar pyramidal fadi. Babban haɗuwa mai cin nama ya bambanta su daga wasu kungiyoyi. Babban bluish-kore ganye suna da elongated m siffar da m gefuna. Furen tsirrai sun kai 4 cm a diamita. Tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya yana da yawa fiye da na gefe. Ya yi fure daga Yuni zuwa Agusta. Shawara don yankan, gadaje masu gada da kuma al'adun tukunya.
- Ƙungiya guda ɗaya (Excelsior) - tsamin ya kai mita 80, ya zana da ƙananan inflorescences tare da manyan furanni har zuwa 6 cm a diamita. Ƙananan launi na lu'u-lu'u suna da ƙuƙwalwa. Blossom daga Yuni zuwa Yuli kuma an yi amfani dasu don yankan.
Shin kuna sani? An kira wannan shuka Leuky, Helenawa, amma a Latin an kira shi "mattiola." Wani dan kabilar Scotland na farkon rabin karni na XIX, Robert Brown ya kira furen don girmama likitan Italiyanci da kuma 'yan jari-hujja. XVI karni Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli kuma ya tsara wannan taron zuwa ranar 200th na littafin littafin Mattioli.
Ina wuri mafi kyau don shuka shuka
Saukowa Mattiola yana da halaye na kansa. Za a iya shuka iri na farko a cikin ƙasa, amma daga bisani dole ne a fara girma a matsayin tsirrai, sannan a dasa su a ƙasa.
Lalacin Levkoy yana da sauƙi, kawai kuna buƙatar bin wasu dokoki.
Yanayin yanayi don girma
Levkos fi son filayen wurare marasa iska ba tare da iska ba, amma inuwa a lokacin rana rana bazai cutar da su ba.
Shading zai iya rinjayar flowering idan shuka yana boye daga rana mafi yawan rana. Mattiola ya fi son cikewar iska da ƙasa, yayin da bai yarda da ruwa mara kyau ba. Rashin fari na fari yana rinjayar ci gaba da bunƙasa al'adu.
Rage yawan zazzabi zuwa -3 ° C ba mummunar mummunan ba ne ga seedlings, sai dai idan sanyi yana dadewa da yawa a jere.
Bukatun shara
Shekara guda kafin shuka tsaba, wajibi ne a fara shirya ƙasa, tun lokacin da kwayoyin da ake amfani da su tare da takin mai magani zasu mutu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin yanayin zafi. 
Dole ne a dauki wadannan ayyuka:
- tono sama ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30-40 cm kuma ƙara humus zuwa gare shi (a cikin kudi na 7 kilogiram na humus da 1 sq m mãkirci);
- Yi tsire-tsire na furen tsaka-tsaki (a madadin 3 tablespoons da 1 sq m m).
Shin kuna sani? Mattiolu bada shawarar dasa shuki tare da dankali - Yana da ikon scaring da Colorado beetles da sauran cutarwa kwari.Don cimma iyakar launuka masu kyau, dole wajibi ne don biyan bukatun dangane da ƙasa:
- rani levkoy ba shuka a cikin ƙasa tare da takin gargajiya; kar a yi takin mattioli a lokacin shuka;
- yana da wuya a shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa inda wasu wakilan dangin giciye suka girma don shekaru da yawa kafin su kasance;
- kasar gona ya kamata ya zama m, yashi mai laushi, haske mai haske, mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta, tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai laushi zai zama kasa;
- Mattiola ba ya jure wa ruwa, saboda haka a kan shafukan wuraren banƙyama ana bada shawara don tasowa ga al'adu.
Shuka mattiola
An shuka tsaba na albarkatun gona na hagu a hanyoyi biyu:
- a bude ƙasa;
- don girma seedlings.
- Kuna buƙatar farko don sassauta ƙasa wadda aka riga aka shirya;
- nau'in siffa da zurfin kusan 0.5 cm kuma dan kadan moisten su;
- ƙara yashi ga tsaba a cikin rabo na 1:10 kuma rarraba a kai tare da grooves;
- a hankali yayyafa da ƙasa, ba tare da tamping shi, kuma sake dan kadan moisten.
Ƙara koyo game da yadda za a shuka shuki, Carnation Turkiya, geyher, man fetur, da plumeria daga tsaba.Ana iya ganin tsutsarai a cikin makonni 1-2-2 bayan dasa shuki na tsaba, da kuma lokacin da aka shuka a cikin fall - spring na gaba.
Don ci gaba da girma mattiol mai ban sha'awa a farkon lokacin rani, kana buƙatar amfani da hanyar da ake amfani da ita don shuka shuke-shuke. Ana yin shuka a lokaci guda a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu. 
Land da kwantena don seedlings dole ne a shirya kwana biyu kafin dasa, bayan sunyi wadannan ayyukan:
- wanke kwalaye tare da ruwa tare da potassium da kuma ƙone su sosai;
- sa malalewa a cikin nau'i na kananan pebbles akan kasa na akwati;
- don cika kwantena da ƙasa, a cikin abun abin da yashi da sod a cikin wani rabo na 1: 3;
- Dampen ƙasa tare da ruwa tare da karamin adadin potassium permanganate.
Bayan da aka gudanar da dukkan ayyukan aikin shuka na tsaba kamar haka:
- ƴan siffofi a cikin ƙasa a nesa da 4 cm daga juna;
- Tweezers shimfida tsaba, suna barin tsakanin su da sarari na 3 cm;
- Ku yayyafa su da kaɗan, ku tsarkake su.
- Rufe tare da gilashi da kuma adana a wuri mai dumi mai haske (20-22 ° C).
Bayan kwanaki 5-8 bayan shuka, dole ne a motsa kwakwalwan da za a dasa su zuwa hasken haske kuma za a rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 12-14 ° C. Irin wannan nau'i na zai hana jinkirta a samuwar buds da flowering.Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ba a rage seedlings ba a cikin yawan zafin jiki, amma bar shi ya yi girma a 25 ° C, to, farawar flowering mattioli zai motsa ta 10-30 days, dangane da iri-iri.
Bayan kafawar ganye 2-3 (ba bayan makonni biyu ba bayan sprout ya fito daga ƙasa), ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin wani akwati dabam domin rage rashin yiwuwar lalacewa ga tushen tsarin lokacin dasawa a cikin ƙasa.
Tattalin kananan tukwane dole ne a cika da cakuda:
- ƙasar sod (part 1);
- ganye ƙasa (2 sassa);
- yashi (1 part).
Zuwa ƙarshen watan Mayu, ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a wuri mai dindindin, nesa da 15-30 cm daga juna. Kwanni na farko bayan fitarwa zasu sami ragowar matasa, musamman idan yanayin yana da zafi sosai. Don haka za a dauki tsirrai a sauri a sabon wuri.Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku sassauta Levkoy sosai da juna. Saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin iri suna girma karfi, rhizomes da mai tushe zasu iya tattaruwa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen samuwar cututtuka na fungal wanda zai iya rushe dukkanin flowerbed.
Giruwa da kula da furanni
Kodayake Levkoy ba shi da kyau, duk da haka, bayan dasa shuki, yana bukatar kulawa mai kyau domin shuka a fili yana jin dadi kuma yana jin daɗin fure da ƙanshi.
Watering da ciyar
Watering yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci na kula da shuka. Mattiola ba ya jure wa ciwon haɗari. Sabili da haka, an shayar da shi sosai kawai a lokacin fari mai tsawo, tare da rashin adadin yanayi. Yawancin lokaci watering ya zama matsakaici don haka ba zai haifar da danshi mai laushi ba. 
A lokacin hawan hawan lokaci, wajibi ne don hana tsawaita ruwa ta hanyar sassauta ƙasa don tada hankalinta ta hanyar dashi.
A lokacin rani, alamar farko ta rashin rashin ruwa a cikin al'ada zai zama ganye. Ka guji wannan zai taimaka wajen magance kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin tushen shuka. Zai fi kyau a ƙasƙantar da kai da safe, kafin bayyanar zafin rana.
Tsarin tsire-tsire mai tsayi yana da kyau don ciyarwa. Duk da haka, kada ku ciyar da shi da takin gargajiya, har ma da rashin takin gargajiya. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani na musamman, yana ƙara su zuwa ruwa mai ban ruwa.
A lokacin bazara-lokacin rani, har zuwa 4 kariyar ƙasa mai gina jiki kuma har zuwa 6 karin kariyar ƙasa mai laushi yawanci ana gudanar da shi.
Shin kuna sani? A tsakiyar zamanai, an dauke mattiola daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu kyau, tare da wardi da lilies.Tun da yake ba dole ba ne a yi takin yayin dasa shuki mattiol, yana da muhimmanci don takin tsire-tsire a lokacin budding da blooming na furanni na farko. Flowering gulfs ne mafi alhẽri ga ciyar da potash-phosphate da takin mai magani.
Ƙasa kulawa da ciyawar ƙura
Don ba Mattiola masu mallakarsa masu kyau, masu haske, furanni masu banƙyama, bayan dasa shuki a ƙasa, ban da dacewar watering da taki, inji yana buƙatar kula da ƙasa da kuma kawar da weeds.
Don kawar da weeds a gonar da gonar amfani da kwayoyi kamar "Lontrel-300", "Ground", "Titus", "Agrokiller", "Roundup".Yana da mahimmanci ga itatuwan ƙwayar ciyawa waɗanda suke shayar da abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa wanda ya wajaba don amfanin gona. Zai zama mai kyau don yin wannan bayan an yi amfani da ruwa don haka ƙasa ta fi dacewa kuma sassan weeds sukan bar ƙasa. Gyara ƙasa a kan aiwatar da weeding zai taimaka wajen wadatar da shi tare da iskar oxygen, dan kadan sauƙaƙe kuma ya haifar da inganci mai kyau. Yayin da kake tafiya a hankali, ya kamata ka gwada kada ka cutar da mai tushe da asalin mattiola.
Hannun da ke da kyau a kan gado na gado tare da cin nasara zai kara kawar da inflorescences bace. A shuka zai karbi iko don m flowering. Furen Terry, wanda ba a ba da tsaba ba, ya kamata a yanke shi gaba daya bayan flowering.Yana da muhimmanci! Wurin don dasa matakan farin ciki a kowace shekara. Bayan shekaru 3, za ka sake komawa levkoy a wuri guda.
Babban hanyoyin kiwo
Sake gwada Mattiola yana faruwa a hanyoyi biyu:
- iri;
- rassadny.
Ana samun tsaba a kananan kwasfa, kama da stalks. Dried pods tsaga da shelled. Kuna iya tattara tsaba a wata hanya: saka karamin jakar da iska ta motsa ta a kan kwasfa kuma jira don tsaba su rushe a ciki.
Ana iya adana tsaba har zuwa kakar gaba, don shuka seedlings ko shuka a ƙasa. 
By girma seedlings daga iri, za ka iya propagate da shuka tare da dashi. Следует помнить, что такой способ размножения менее эффективен, поскольку культура может легко повредиться при пересадке, плохо прижиться и погибнуть.
Cututtuka da kwari na flower
Al'adun gargajiya ya kamata a bincika lokaci-lokaci don kwari da cututtuka:
- Kowane giciye (kabeji) - yana shafar hagu tare da haɓakar danshi a cikin ƙasa da iska, saboda haka dalili ba za'a iya dasa al'adun a ƙasa ba, inda tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun yi girma. Naman gwari zai iya jure a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru 15. Yawancin tsire-tsire baza'a iya bi da su ba, dole ne a cire su, sannan a yi amfani da kasar gona tare da jami'o'in antifungal (dolomite foda, lemun tsami, wani bayani na fungicide "Fundazole", maganin "Cumulus" ko colloidal sulfur). Haka kuma cutar tana rinjayar tushen tsarin, saboda haka yana da wuyar ganewa nan da nan. Keel yana inganta ci gaban ci gaban daji a kan tushe da asalinsu, yayin da ganyen shuka ya bushe kuma ya juya rawaya.
- Gishiri mai giciye - shafi Mattiola da fari da rashin isasshen ruwa. Don ƙayyade bayyanar kwari zai iya zama gaban leaflets a kan zanen gado. Yana yiwuwa a kawar da kwari ta sprinkling ganye da ƙasa tare da itace ash.
- Black kafa - wata cuta da ke shafar shanu tare da kulawar ruwa ko rashin kulawa mara kyau. Bayyanawa da darkening na tushe da ganye, juya da mutuwa na al'adu. Ba za a iya warkar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire daga cutar ba, dole ne a cire su don hana yaduwar naman gwari. Don hana cutar, za ku iya bi da shafin tare da "Khom", "Fitosporin" ko "Baktofit" kafin dasa shuki levkoev.
Mattiola wata shuka mai ban mamaki ne tare da kyakkyawa kyakkyawa da iri-iri iri iri. Kula da su baya buƙatar kwarewa da yawa, kuma flower zai bawa masu shuka furanni da furanni mai ban sha'awa da ƙanshi.
