Smitianta ƙaramin tsire-tsire ne na dangin Gesneriaceae. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan tuddai da kuma dutsen dutsen Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka. Smitianta tana da ladabi kuma ba ta da kariya, hakan yasa ta kewaye ta da kulawa. Masu furannin furanni suna lura da kyakkyawa, unpretentiousness da nau'ikan smithiants, wanda yake da sauƙin saya a kowane shagon fure.
Bayanin Shuka
Smitianta wata itaciya ce mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da taushi, ingantaccen mai tushe. Creeping rhizome an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli. Girman daji mai zagaye shine 30 cm cm 3. Harbin reshe mai ƙarfi tare da tsawon tsawon. An fentin su a cikin launi mai launin kore-burgundy kuma an rufe su da karamin tari. Tsawon lokacin mai tushe shine 0.4-1 m.
Tare da dukan tsayin da kara suna fure mai tsayi. Fuskar mai sabanin ita ce sifar zuciya ko watsi. A kan kore kore masu launin ja ko burgundy stains. Farantin ganye an cika shi da gajeru villi. A gefen gefuna ganye cloves cloves bayyane. Daga sama akan ganye ta hanyar ɓarkewar wata hancin hancin ya bayyana.
A cikin bazara, rare paniculate inflorescences Bloom a saman daji. Sun ƙunshi fure-fure mai ƙanshi 10-20. Ana sanya fentin dabbobi a ruwan lemo, ruwan hoda ko ja. Lokacin da furanni suka bushe, duk faratuttukan ƙasa sun fara mutuwa kuma an fara hutu don Smithyant. Zuwa watan Fabrairu, sabbin harbe-harbe farawa daga tushe na wuyan tushe, kuma maimaita rayuwar rayuwa ya sake faruwa.
Iri Smithyantes
A cikin tsaran halittar, ana yin rajista iri 9 na Smithyan, ana iya ganin su a hoto. Don mafi yawan iri-iri, iri-iri na ado ana bred.
Smitianta taguwar. Wannan ornamental perennial tsiro karamin daji 30-40 cm tsawo.Ta madaidaiciya, m harbe tashi sama da fibrous, scaly tushen tsarin. Ganyayyaki masu siffar zuciya suna akasin haka. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 18. Fuskar mai launin kore tana rufe da wani laliƙin jijiyoyin burgundy. Furanni masu launin shuɗi-mai haske tare da dogayen bututu da kuma zagaye, ɗan ƙaramin ɗanyen fure ya yi fure a farfajiyar. Fentin launin furanni yana zanen launin shuɗi mai haske kuma an rufe shi da ɗimbin burgundy.
Smithyna Cinnabar Red. Itace ya fi girma a girma, tsayinsa baya wuce cm 30. Manyan ganye karammiski har zuwa 15 cm tsayi ana fentin su a cikin duhu kore. An rufe su da yawancin gashin gashi. Wani karamin murhun ciki da ke kwance a sararin samaniya ya tashi sama da wani daji game da santimita 25. Ya ƙunshi katako da karrarawa na orange. Furanni suna daga fure zuwa kaka. A ƙarshen fure, adadinsu zai iya kai raka'a ɗari.
Smitianta yana da yawa. M ciyawa mai tsabta 25-30 cm tsayi, ana bambanta shi da launi mai sauƙi na ganye. Ganyen suna da sifar zuciya da gajerun hakora kusa da ƙarshen. Kayan shafawa ko fure mai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin wadatattun ɓoyayyen bayanai. Tsawon bututu na toho yana da cm 4. Flow yana faruwa a cikin rani.
Hybrid iri-iri ne sananne Smithyant farkon bazara. An tattara furannin ta a cikin kyakkyawan, cascading inflorescence. Budsoshin launuka masu kyau suna da bututu mai ruwan hoda, rawaya mai launin shuɗi da fararen filayen da aka rufe da ɗigo-ja.
Smitianta Zebra. Wannan nau'in yana haifar da taushi mai zurfi har zuwa 60 cm. Fure-m oli ana fentin cikin duhu kore kuma an rufe shi da ƙirar burgundy tare da jijiya. Ganyayyaki suna da ɗimbin yawa, tsawonsu yana kusan cm 15. Sako-sako da furanni masu launin shuɗi na fure akan daji. Tsarin kowane ɗan toho yana da ruwan lemu masu launin shuɗi kuma an rufe shi da ɗigon launuka masu haske ko burgundy.
Kunama Smitianta. Daidaita perennial tare da zuciya-dimbin yawa, duhu kore ganye. Paniculate inflorescences Bloom a fi na harbe kuma daga axils na ganye. Sun ƙunshi launuka masu yawa, ruwan lemo ko lemo mai tsalle akan furanni.
A iri-iri ne Popular. Yi shuru. Furanninta suna da bututu masu ruwan shuɗi. A ciki, ana zanen launin rawaya tare da ɗigon launuka masu yawa. Fuskokin gefan fure an rufe shi da zoben ruwan hoda da ɗigon haske.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Hanyoyi masu zuwa sun dace da yaduwar smithiantes:
- shuka iri;
- rarrabuwa;
- tushen itace.
Ana yin shuka iri ne a cikin ƙaramin yashi da yashi da peat. Zai fi kyau yin wannan a watan Fabrairu-Afrilu. Seedsananan tsaba suna ƙoƙari a rarraba kan ƙasa mai laushi. An rufe akwatin nan da gilashi kuma an tura shi zuwa wuri mai haske da dumin ɗumi. Seedlings germinate cikin makonni 3. Tsire-tsire suna girma sosai da sauri kuma suna shirye don nutsewa da dasawa a cikin mako guda. Furanni na farko zasu bayyana cikin watanni shida.
Don dasa tushen, ana shirya sassan apical na 5-8 cm tsayi Ana yin Rooting a cikin ruwa. Lokacin da ƙananan Tushen suka bayyana, ana iya shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. A cikin makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki, ya zama dole don tabbatar da babban zafi.
Kuna iya yada sasshiant na manya ta hanyar rarraba asalin sa. A lokacin juyawa, an 'yantar da shi daga ƙasa kuma ya kasu kashi kashi tare da rassa da yawa da yawa. Tushen an shimfiɗa shi a cikin wani wuri a kwance a zurfin of cm 3. Kuna iya shuka biyu ko uku a kowane tukunya. Bayan dasawa, yakamata a shayar da smithiant sosai. Da farko, ya isa ya sauƙaƙa ƙasa daga cikin bindigar da aka fesa.
Noma da kulawa
Kula da smytiant zai buƙaci ƙoƙari, duk da haka, tare da lambu mai hankali, yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Itace yana buƙatar hasken da aka watsa da hasken rana tsawon sa'o'i. Hasken rana kai tsaye yana cutarwa ga ganye mai laushi. Zai dace don sanya tukunya a cikin zurfin dakin kudu.
Smitianta tana son zafi mai tsayi. Tana cikin nutsuwa a + 22 ... +25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, a lokacin wani yanayi mai sanyi, an yarda da ɗan kwantar da hankali, amma ba ƙasa da +20 ° C ba.
Wajibi ne a shayar da smithant sosai kuma sau da yawa. Ruwa ya kamata ya bar ƙasa ba da yardar kaina ba tsayayyen tushe ba. Hakanan kuma ba a ke so a sa shi a kan ganye da rassa ba. An bada shawara don amfani da hanyar wick watering.
Smithyant dole ne ya samar da zafi mai zafi. Alamun farko na busassun iska sune busassun ganye tare da gefuna bushewa. Ba za ku iya fesa ganyen karammiski ba, saboda haka an ba da shawarar sanya tsire kusa da aquariums ko maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, tare da amfani da trays tare da pebbles rigar. Pebbles ba zai iya hulɗa tare da ƙasa don kar ya tsokani ɓarna da tushe ba.
A watan Afrilu-Agusta, smythianta yana buƙatar ciyarwa na yau da kullun. An bada shawara don sa kayan miya mafi kyau don violet. Addedarfafa dilim ɗin kayan miya mai ƙarfi yana ƙara ƙasa a mako.
Smithy yana jujjuyawar shi kowace shekara ko kuma shekara guda. Yi ƙoƙari don sabunta ƙasa a duk lokacin da ya yiwu. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa da aka ƙera don violet ko sanya shi da kanka daga:
- ciyawar ganye (sassan 2);
- ƙasa mai ruwa (3 sassa);
- ƙasa coniferous (1 sashi);
- peat (1 bangare).
Choosearfin zaɓi zaɓi mara iyaka da faɗi. A kasan tukunya dole ne a yi liyi tare da babban yanki mai kauri.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Itaciya masu girma da ganyayyaki na Smithyant na iya shafar launin toshiya ko oidium. Lokacin da yadudduka, filayen da aka rufe da kayan fure, shuka yana buƙatar kulawa da maganin kashewa.
Wani lokacin shuka da farmaki da aphids da mealybugs. Ba zai yi aiki ba don kawar da kwari, sabili da haka, ana kula da harbe tare da kwari.
