Ipomoea ita ce fure mafi girma na dangin Convolvulus. Wannan dangi yana da nau'ikan sama da 1000. Sunan shuka ya samo tushe daga kalmomin Girka, kamar tsutsa da mai wucewa, saboda yanayin tsarin tushen, wanda aka bayyana a tsari.
A tsohuwar kasar Sin, an yi amfani da tsaba na safe da safe a matsayin maganin cinyewa. Yankin yanki na shuka ba shi da iyaka, ana samunsa kusan a ko'ina cikin duniya. Koyaya, komai kyawon furanni da kyau, kar a manta cewa suna da guba.
Bayani da fasali na daukakar safiya
Liana lambu, a wasu halaye, na iya girma 5 m a tsawon. Ana nuna mai tushe mai tushe tare da ganye a cikin siffar zuciya. Abubuwan fure suna da girma sosai, suna da yanayi na musamman, ƙanshin kamshi mai daɗi.
Iri da nau'in ɗaukaka na safe
An samo Ipomoea a cikin launuka daban-daban, daga fari zuwa shuɗi, ciki har da ruwan hoda da ja. Flow ya fara a watan Yuni.
M
Wannan shine mafi shaharar jinsunan wannan shuka. A cikin yanayin girma da ya dace, tsawon zai iya kasancewa 8. Furancin furanni suna da yawa, suna da tsayi 7 cm, ja, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, inuwa mai launin shuɗi.
Akwai rarrabuwa cikin furanni na yau da kullun, da kuma ninki biyu. Itataccen fure mai tsire-tsire, mai zafi sosai, yana son hasken rana.
Ivy
A tsawon zai iya zuwa 3 m. An ba shi da nau'i mai ganye mai sau uku, akwai kamannin faranti mara lahani. Littattafan matsakaiciyar matsakaici ne, kusan 5 cm a ciki.
Haske mai launi shuɗi mai haske. Kadan sau da yawa zaka iya ganin ruwan hoda. Flowering - tsakiyar lokacin rani-Oktoba.
Neal
Kamar ra'ayi na baya, 3 m a tsayi. Blossom daga Yuli, da farantawa ido har zuwa watan biyu na kaka. Ana bambanta furanni ta hanyar kwalliyar su, suna da launuka masu bambanci, ana samo orange mai haske.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana yin siffar toho a cikin siffar tauraruwa, gefuna suna da tsari na terry, filayen tsire-tsire suna zagaye.
Kvamoklit
Quite wani irin kallo mara kyau, idan aka kwatanta da wasu. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar rarrabuwa mai kyau, furen furanni, furanni suna da siffar ƙananan taurari. Rassan wannan shuka sauƙin kai 5 m ba ga tsawo.
A bayyanar shi wata sifa ce, tsirrai masu kyau. A ganye ne cikakken kore, buds masu haske ja.
Mai bakin ciki
Mafi shahara, ana kiran wannan nau'in safiya. Don kyakkyawan launi na furanni na shuka, shuɗi mai haske, kusa da cibiyar, canzawa zuwa shuɗi mai haske.
Fulawa yana faruwa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, yana ci har sai farkon lokacin sanyi. Budsa'idodin kansu kansu manya ne, diamita na iya zama cm 10. Shuka tayi girma zuwa tsayin mita 2 na tsayi .. Bayyanar yanayin thermophilic sosai.
Moonflower
Nau'in dake tsiro da daddaɗa gabaɗaya da daddare, da asuba, furen da ke rufe har zuwa wani lokaci mai zuwa na duhu. Itatuwan ya kai tsayi har zuwa 3 m.
An baiwa fure mai kyau, fararen launi, a diamita har zuwa cm 10. Hankali yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Yuli, yana kasancewa har zuwa farkon Oktoba. Wani fasali na musamman shine ƙanshin almon.
Tricolor
Ana amfani da nau'ikan kurangar inabi na shekaru masu yawa, duk da haka, ana amfani dashi azaman shekara-shekara, saboda yanayin ƙasashe na yarjejeniyar. Kara zai iya girma zuwa 5 m.
Littattafan furanni suna da kyau, gefuna 10 cm, an shirya su a cikin gungun mutane da yawa. A buds haske ne, shuɗi launin shuɗi, a ƙarshen samun launin shuɗi.
Girma safe na safe daga tsaba
Tun da wannan fure yana da tushen wurare masu zafi, don haɓaka shi wajibi ne don zaɓar wurin da ya dace, ana bada shawarar yin wannan tare da tsire-tsire.
Shuka tsaba
Shuka tsaba ana aiwatar da shi ne kawai a ƙarshen watan Maris, saboda yanayin yanayi a ƙasashen CIS. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a sanya tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi na awanni 24 domin su zube. Idan tsawon lokaci babu wasu canje-canje da suka faru, yana da mahimmanci don soki kwasfa daga cikin tsaba, rage su cikin ruwa. Bayan wannan, ya riga ya yiwu a shuka. Wajibi ne a shuka matsakaicin 3 a cikin tukunya ɗaya, faduwa da tsaba zuwa zurfin bai wuce 2 cm ba.
An zaɓi ƙasa mai kama ɗaya, sako-sako. Bayan disembarkation, ya zama dole ruwa a zazzabi a dakin. Bayan an shayar da tukwane, kofuna waɗanda suke da tsaba an rufe su da fim.
Kulawar seedling
Matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda shuka zaiyi girma shine + 18 ... +23 ° C.
Ya wadatar, ana shayar da ruwa na yau da kullun; dole ne a kula da ƙasa.
Bayyanuwar harbe-harbe na farko zasu dauki mako guda. Muna buƙatar magance batun shirya garter ga tsire-tsire.
Kafin dasawa cikin ƙasa bude, ya zama dole don tabbatar da ruwa akai-akai, ingantaccen loosening na kasar gona kusa da tsire-tsire. Idan hadari, yanayin duhu ya mamaye, seedlings zasu buƙaci haske tare da phytolamps. Da zaran harbe sun fara ganye, kusan guda 5, ya wajaba a tsunkule saman shuka.
Wannan zai karfafa halittar sabon mai tushe. Kwanaki 7 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, kuna buƙatar fara tsirrai tsirrai zuwa iska a kan titi.
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Wannan tsire-tsire ne thermophilic, wanda ke nufin cewa dasawa ya zama dole a lokacin da sanyi ya rigaya ya wuce, kawai bashi da mahimmanci, sanyi mai saurin zama. Wani muhimmin al'amari shine zazzabi na kasar gona, bai kamata ya kasance ƙarƙashin +10 ° C ba.
Dogaro da yankin, ana saukowa daga ƙarshen Mayu har zuwa farkon Yuni.
Amfanin yankin kudu shine cewa zaku iya shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ta hanyar shuka seedlings. Koyaya, har yanzu ana bada shawarar manyan nau'ikan fure-fure a wannan mataki na cigaba.
Fasaha dasa tsaran safiya a cikin ƙasa
Tsarin kanta zai zama mai sauƙi. Iyakar abin da ake son jan ragamar shuka shine yaduwar shi a cikin kasar gona.
Babban mahimmanci a saukowa shine zaɓi na wuri. Ya kamata a kunna shi ko'ina cikin rana, kuma an rufe shi da kyau daga iska. Tunda zai iya sauƙaƙe rassan shuka. Hakanan wajibi ne don kula da nesa mafi kyau tsakanin harbe, aƙalla 20 cm.
Kula da daukakar safiya a cikin lambun
Kula ba shi da wahala, ya ƙunshi a shayar da shuka na yau da kullun, kwance ƙasa a kusa, cire ciyawa. ,Ari, kayan miya, kayan kwalliya, rigakafin kwari da cututtuka. Koyaya, babban mahimmanci shine tallafi.
Karkashin dukkan lamura, amma rashin garter, shuka ba ya girma zuwa matsakaicinsa, yana iya mutuwa.
Watse
Dare da safe yana buƙatar kullun, isasshen hura ruwa. Ba ya yarda da fari, amma babu buƙatar tafiya da nisa tare da ruwa.
Babban matsakaici zai kasance don kiyaye ƙasa a cikin tsire-tsire koyaushe danshi. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ta jike, kuma ba a juya ta zama datti ba.
Idan ba'a kula da shayar ba, a hankali shuka ya daina girma, amma fure na iya farawa a da. Amma inuwa na buds za ta zama ƙasa kaɗan, mai haske.
Lokacin da furanni suka fara bayyana akan harbe, kuna buƙatar rage danshi, barin ƙasa ta bushe tsakanin zaman.
Don rage tsarin shayarwa, kasar gona da ke kusa da shuka tana buƙatar a mulched. Wannan hanyar za ta ba shi damar riƙe danshi tsawon lokaci, ta haka za a buƙaci sa hannun ɗan adam ƙasa sau da yawa.
Manyan miya
Don tabbatar da girman girma, fure, yakamata a haɗa ƙasa. A karo na farko, dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani a yayin kunna girma.
Wajibi ne don tsoron karuwar ƙwayar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, wannan zai tsokani rage haɓakar bayyanar furanni. Dangane da samuwar buds, ana bada shawara don ciyar da phosphorus, a lokacin da za'a iya wadatar da fure, hadaddun takin mai magani tare da potassium a ciki. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar amfani da takin mai magani a cikin hanyar granules, yayyafa su a ƙarƙashin mai tushe, zuwa zurfin akalla 2 cm a cikin ƙasa, sannan ruwa. Koyaya, takin ruwa ya fi inganci.
Murmushi yayi
Tsarin dabbobi na shekara-shekara suna da sifar mutuwa a saman. Suna lalata shi. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana barin ayaba dama a gonar, a cikin sanyi, an gina musu wasu gidaje na musamman don su. Ana aiwatar da datti a cikin Satumba, wani ɓangare na tushe, kamuwa da cuta, an cire ganye mai lalacewa. Daga nan sai daukaka ga safiya ta juye zuwa tukunya, ana jigilar shi zuwa ga shinkafa. Idan shuka ya kasance a gonar yayin lokacin sanyi, an rufe shi da rassan spruce, wannan zai kare tushen tsiro daga sanyi.
Yaduwa da daukakar safiya ta yanke
Kodayake bambance-bambancen tare da tsaba sune mafi inganci, wasu nau'in da ire-iren ɗaukaka na safe suna buƙatar yaduwa ta amfani da itace. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yanke mai tushe, yanke su. Wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin wannan darasi shine kasancewar 2 internodes, tsawon dole ne ya zama aƙalla 15 cm .. An yi yanki yanki na anko, 1.5 cm a ƙarƙashin kulli Idan akwai faranti na ganye a hannun, ana yanke su, sannan a sanya su cikin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne su kasance aƙalla kwanaki 4. A wannan lokacin, Tushen zai bayyana. Da zarar sun kyankyasa, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. A cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, yana ɗaukar akalla mako guda don cikakken tushe. Ana yin gyaran ta wannan hanyar ne a watan Afrilu-farkon lokacin bazara.
Cututtuka da kwari daukakar safiya
Kamar kowane creeper, ɗaukakar safiya tana da sauƙi ga yawancin cututtuka, duk da tsananin rigakafi. Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtuka sune cututtukan fungal. Waɗannan sun haɗa da anthracnose, kowane nau'in rot - tushe, baƙi, fari, tushe. Akwai yuwuwar ƙwayoyin cuta, daga cikinsu adadin mai yawa, sama da guda 20 daban-daban. Baya ga duk wannan, akwai haɗarin cutar da ke da alaƙa da physiology, ana kiranta farin edema.
Rashin nasarar cututtukan cututtukan fungal na gudana ta cikin ƙasa, wannan shine sakamakon yawan wuce gona da iri na shuka, tsarukan ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
Ana yin magani ne ta hanyar share wuraren da abin ya shafa, wanda bayan haka ana fallasar gurasar lafiya tare da maganin fungicidal. Amma ba kowa bane ke da damar warkarwa. Mafi yawan rot ne m ga shuka. Virwayoyin cuta ma babbar matsala ce ga mai girki, saboda babu magunguna 100% ko wata hanya don magance su.
Game da lalacewa ko lalacewar ƙwayar cuta, tsire-tsire marasa lafiya ana haƙa kawai daga ƙasa, sannan ƙonewa. Maƙwabta, lafiyayyun vines dole ne a fesa tare da bayani na musamman.
Tare da cututtukan dabbobi, yana da sauƙi a sauƙaƙe, haɗarin lalacewa ne kawai a cikin tsire-tsire da aka girma ba a cikin iska ba, watau a cikin gidan kore. Provocateurs na wannan rashin lafiya low low zazzabi, high zafi, wuce kima watering. An bayyana cutar a cikin bayyanar a kan ganye na cones, blisters, suna da rawaya, mafi yawan lokuta kore. Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, ƙwanƙolin ya samo launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin da cutar ta kai matakin karshe na ci gaba, ganyayyaki sun fara juye da launin toka, sannan kuma su fado. Babu wani magani ga wannan cutar, tunda ta samo asali daga keta dokokin fasahar aikin gona, sakaci da umarni.
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da sanarwar: me yasa ɗaukaka safe ba ta yin fure?
Akwai dalilai da yawa na yin tururuwar ci gaba, duk abubuwanda ake haifar dasu ta fuskoki daban daban. Koyaya, idan komai lafiya, ƙarƙashin dukkan lamura, fure ya kamata a fara a Yuli. Idan an kunna fure daga baya a wannan lokacin, ko kuma a wani lokaci a baya, wannan al'ada ce. Raguwa a cikin lokaci shine tsari, tsakanin kwanaki 10-15.
Idan an bincikar creeper akai-akai don cututtuka, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari, da lokacin fure ya fara jinkirtawa sama da rabin wata, kuna buƙatar fara neman dalilin matsalar.
- Dalilin farko na turɓar na iya zama takin nitrogen. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da irin wannan riguna na sama wanda ƙasa ke da ingantaccen abun ciki na wannan abun, idan ya fi ko thanasa da yadda aka saba, wannan na iya haifar da rashin sa'a.
- Dalili na biyu shine batun shayarwa. Anan lamarin daidai yake. Wajibi ne a kula da daskararren ƙasa, idan akwai rashin ruwa, inji zai fara yin kuka, sakamakon abin da zai haifar da mutuwa. Daga wuce haddi na danshi, cutar fungal na iya samarda, wanda kan iya haifar da gushewar yawancin shuka, kuma wadanda aka dasa a kusa suma zasu iya kamuwa.
- Dalili na uku shine rashin bin ka'idodin dasa tsiran safiya a cikin filin buɗe ido. Idan aka dasa shuka daga baya fiye da lokacin da ake buƙata, to, ana iya yin jinkiri sosai na ci gaba da fure, kuma ta farkon sanyi ba zata ƙare kwata-kwata. Wanne zai haifar da ɓata lokaci, tunda ana iya shuka tsiron mutuwa ba tare da ta shuɗe ba.
Duk waɗannan dalilai ba masu mahimmanci ba ne, a farkon alamun ɓarna cikin girma, dole ne a tantance nan da nan inda ya faɗi. Bayan wannan, ana iya gyara yanayin cikin sauƙi. Game da wuce haddi ko rashin nitrogen, kowane nau'ikan alamu da ake siyarwa a shagunan fure na musamman zasu taimaka. Halin da ya wuce kima, rashin danshi yana sauƙaƙa gyara. Ya danganta da matakin girma, ya zama dole a mai da hankali kan danshi ta kasar, ya bar saman Layer koyaushe dan yayi danshi.
Game da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yin komai ba lallai bane. Haka kuma, yi amfani da kowane riguna na sama, da alama yana hanzarta haɓaka haɓaka. Wannan zai kara wata matsala. Ka kawai bukatar ba da karin Lokomoea, idan ba ku da lokaci zuwa Bloom kafin sanyi, dasa shi a cikin tukunya daban, kuma a sanya shi cikin greenhouse. Wannan zai ba da damar ci gaban ya ƙare a cikin yanayi mai kyau a gare shi, koda kuwa ya kasance tsakiyar tsakiyar kaka a kan titi.
