Kwakwalwa da Siberiya: da alama dai tunanin bai dace ba, amma wannan ba haka bane. Tabbas, a lokacin rani yana da zafi sosai a Siberiya, amma ba daɗewa ba, kuma ciyawar itace tana buƙatar bazara mai zafi da zafi. Sabili da haka, har kwanan nan, wannan kayan lambu ya kasance mai ban mamaki a cikin Urals. Amma masu shayarwa sun gwada, kuma masu sha'awar sun sami damar haɓaka wannan al'ada mai ƙauna ta zafi a Siberiya.
Mafi kyawun iri don Siberia
Tun da cin ganye na kwai suna da dogon girma, zaɓin Siberia a bayyane yake: kawai farkon ko ma nau'ikan farkon farko na iya girma a nan. Da kyau, a cikin tsunkule, zaku iya dasa tsakiyar-farkon, amma zasu buƙaci ƙarin kulawa da hankali. Abin farin, yanzu akwai da yawa dozin iri iri dace, har ma da Jihar Rajista na Rasha Federation bada shawarar mutane da yawa iri da kuma hybrids na eggplant don namo a duk yanayin bangarorin, ba tare da togiya.
Eggplant don buɗe ƙasa
Zai fi dacewa da amfani da hybrids (F1) don kayan ƙwai waɗanda ba su da sauƙin fasaha a fannin aikin gona a cikin yankin da ke da hatsari, amma wasu tsoffin nau'ikan ba su da ƙasa da su. Yanzu akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa, amma a Siberiya, idan kuna son shuka ƙwaya a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar daga farkon ko ma farkon iri da kuma hybrids.
- Agate F1 - matasan da ke da yawan gaske, yana da irin wannan gajeren lokacin girma wanda wani lokaci zaku iya yi ba tare da seedlings ba: a ƙarshen bazara, zaku iya ƙoƙarin shuka tsaba a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin, kuma kafin sanyi na farko wani ɓangare na amfanin gona zai ripen. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na eggplant da launi, al'ada, nauyin 200-250 g, yawan amfanin ƙasa. A matasan ne resistant ga cuta.
Agate shine ɗayan plaan tsaran ganye da za su iya samar da fruitsa fruitsan itace ta hanyar shuka iri kai tsaye a gonar.
- Lu'u-lu'u tsakiyar yanayi ne wanda ya cancanci dacewa, wanda aka girma tun 1983. Lokaci daga farawa zuwa haɓaka fasaha shine kwanaki 109-149, wannan lokacin ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Untan itacen sun tsinkaye, tsayinsa 45-56 cm fruitsa fruitsannan suna da silsila, shuɗi mai duhu cikin shuɗar fasaha, launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi a cikin kayan aikin ɗan adam. Yawan 'ya'yan itacen shine 100-150 g .. Dandano yana da kyau sosai. In munada jure cutar.
Lu'u lu'u lu'u ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan.
- Bull Zuciya F1 - tsakiyar-farkon matasan, 'ya'yan itãcen an shirya don amfani 4 watanni bayan shuka da tsaba. Allan itacen fari, da ake buƙata dauri, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu siffar launuka, masu nauyin 300-400 g, mai haske. Painara haƙuri da haƙuri, fruiting kara.
- Emerald F1 - eggplant tare da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi da ɗanɗano namomin kaza, ana saninsa da karuwar sanyi da juriya na cuta. Daga shuka iri zuwa shirye-shiryen 'ya'yan farko, kwanaki 100-110 suka wuce. Ganyayyaki kore, m, mai nauyin har zuwa g 300. Ana ɗauka ɗayan ɗayan matasan mafi sauƙi don girma, yana iya bada 'ya'ya a kowane yanayi na canjin yanayi.
'Ya'yan itacen marmarin Emerald sun cika sunan ta
- Bourgeois F1 shine madaidaicin farkon cikakke. Yankin daji yana buƙatar samuwar tilas, amma a lokaci guda an lura da tsayayyen tsayayya da cututtuka. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na dogon lokaci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari zuwa 500 g, iri ɗaya a cikin siffar zuwa tumatir, ana hawa da su kuma an adana su.
- Sarkin Arewa F1 - matasan tare da sake dubawa daga masu son zuwa ba sosai ba. Mai ikon samar da albarkatu koda a yanayin zafi yayi kadan, baya son zafin zafi. Yawan aiki ya kai kilogiram 14 / m2. Daga seedlings zuwa girbi yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni uku. 'Ya'yan itacen sunada yawa, dogaye da bakin ciki, galibi suna kwance a ƙasa.
Sarkin arewa wani lokaci yana kama da ayaba mai baƙi: bunch ya taɓa ƙasa da kanta
- Bataisky iri-iri ne na tsakiyar kaka, daga taro mai girma zuwa ga girman aikin 'ya'yan itacen, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 118-142. Motocin sama da tsayin tsayi (45-75 cm). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna cikin ɗimbin silima, launi daga launin shuɗi zuwa ruwan hoda, farfajiya mai haske. Massa fruitan itace shine 140-220 g. Pulunsar tayi fari, ba tare da haushi ba. Ingancin kayayyakin gwangwani suna da kyau kuma suna da kyau kwarai. Yawan aiki da ƙwaƙƙwaran cuta matsakaici ne.
- Vera - sa da aka ba da shawarar don amfani a dafa abinci da canning, ripening da wuri. Wannan lokacin daga cikakken yaduwar girbi zuwa kwanaki 100-118. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu siffar lu'u-lu'u, masu nauyin 120-200 g.
Vera itace ɗayan nau'ikan gargajiya don Siberiya
- Salamander wani nau'i ne da aka tsara musamman don yankin Siberian. Yana da tsayayya da canje-canje na kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki daga sanyi zuwa yanayin zafi, wanda yake shi ne hali ga wasu yankuna da yankuna Siberiya. Kuma daji da matsakaici-sized-sized, farkon cikakke. 'Ya'yan itacen cylindrical ne, shunayya, mai nauyin kimanin 250 g.
- Jayayya Siberian F1 - an haɗa shi a cikin Rijistar Jiha don bunkasa a cikin ƙasa a sarari kuma a ƙarƙashin mafakar fim, tsakiyar kakar. Dankin yana da tsayi, 'ya'yan itãcen ƙwallon ƙafa, masu nauyin kimanin g 150. Ingancin kayan ƙwarin yana da kyau, yawan aiki shine matsakaici.
Eggplant ga greenhouse
A cikin manufa, kowane irin eggplant za a iya dasa shi a cikin wani gidan gona na zamani. Amma nau'ikan Marubutan-Margayi a cikin Siberiya bazai shuka ba koda a cikin greenhouse. Bugu da kari, adana sarari, masu noman kayan lambu suna kokarin yin tsayi iri iri mai inganci da kuma kabeji a yanayin greenhouse.
- Giselle F1 - wani matattara ce ta duniya baki daya a cikin amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ana iya yin girma a cikin katako da kuma a cikin ƙasa mai kariya, amma a cikin kyawawan wuraren katako ana samarwa yawan amfanin ƙasa: har zuwa 14 kg / m2. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyi zuwa 500 g, siffar silima, daidaitaccen don canza launin eggplant, an adana su sosai. Farkon girbi ya kusan kwana 110 bayan shuka iri.
Giselle ya shahara a duk bangarorin yanayi.
- Romantic - wani nau'in farkon cikakke ne, ya bambanta da yawancin iri tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launi mai laushi mai laushi, siffar eggplant yana da m. Bushes game da tsayin mita, matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ba za a iya ɗauka iri-iri cikin sauƙin shuka ba, ana iya dasa shi cikin kyawawan sanduna: aƙalla sanyi, yana saurin kamu da cututtukan fungal.
- Balagur wani iri ne mai matukar tayar da hankali, bayan shuka iri, ana iya dandana 'ya'yan itatuwa bayan kwana 90. Arearshen bushes suna da tsayi, a zahiri kamar bishiyar Kirsimeti sun rataye tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa na Lilac waɗanda ke kimanin 100 g: a wani daji za su iya girma har guda 100. Dandano yana da kyau. An bambanta nau'ikan ta hanyar karuwar juriya ga sanyi da cututtuka, amma yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar daji da hankali.
Joker ya bambanta a cikin cewa akwai 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa koyaushe
- Mariya 'yar itace ce mai girma sosai; cikin Siberiya ana iya girma a cikin gidajen kora da kuma ƙarƙashin mafaka masu sauki. Bushes suna girma zuwa 70-75 cm. Resistancewar cututtukan yana da girma sosai, daidai yake da sauye-sauyen yanayin zafi. Ciki da wuri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna cikin silima, mai nauyin 200 g. Danshi mai kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Farkowa farkon 148 tsohuwar, sanannun iri ne. Ana iya amfani dashi duka don buɗe ƙasa da kuma don katako. Bushes ba su da tushe, karami. 'Ya'yan itacen sun shirya don girbi kwanaki 110 bayan da suka shuka iri. Yawan aiki ba shi da ƙasa, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin 100-200 g, mai siffa lu'u-lu'u. Rashin daidaituwa ga yanayi, yana bada 'ya'ya kafin a fara sanyi.
Yanayin girma
Lokaci mai yawa yana wucewa daga shuka iri zuwa girbi eggplant: mafi yawancin nau'ikan ripening suna ba da 'ya'ya kawai bayan watanni uku ko fiye. Abin takaici, ana iya dasa wannan kayan lambu a gonar kawai a farkon lokacin bazara: yana buƙatar zafi na gaske. Ko da a kudu, don samun farkon samari, an shuka kwai ta hanyar shuka, kuma a Siberiya, hanyar da ba ta da yawa ba ta zartar.
A manufa, eggplant ba ya bukatar wani abu allahntaka: suna buƙatar dumi, kullun m da ƙasa mai m. Lovingaunar mai zafi, har da tsawon lokaci mai girma ta dakatar da gabatar da al'adu a cikin yankuna masu tsananin zafi na dogon lokaci. A Siberiya, mazauna rani yawanci suna buɗe ajalinsu don hutun Mayu. A wannan lokacin, shirye-shiryen gadaje don eggplant yana farawa, kodayake yana da kyau yin wannan a cikin fall.
Idan akwai kyakkyawan shinkafa, zaku iya shirya wuri don eggplant a ciki. Kodayake, ba shakka, mafi kyawun kayan lambu suna girma a karkashin rana, kuma eggplant ba togiya. Amma a waje da greenhouse, har yanzu suna da shirya matsuguni na ɗan lokaci: gina greenhouse daga wuraren arches, rufe shi da fim. Dole ne a sanya allunan ganye daga arewa zuwa kudu don ingantaccen haske da dumama da rana. Mafi kyawun magabata don eggplant su ne kabeji, albasa, kabewa da wake. Kada ku dasa su bayan tumatir, barkono da dankali.
Eggplants suna buƙatar sarari da haske mai kyau
A cikin kaka, dole ne a tsabtace gado na kayan lambu da kuma haƙa tare da takin mai magani. Eggplant sosai wuya a kan abun da ke ciki na ƙasa. Dole ne ya kasance sako-sako, mai nutsuwa tare da takaddun humus da ma'adinai. Akalla bulo 1 da rabi na humus ko takin da kuma tukunya na itace na itace a 1 m², kazalika da tablespoon na superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Idan ƙasa yumɓu ne, lalle yakamata a ƙara peat, ɗanɗano mai yaushi, yashi, ya ba da takin ƙasa mai yawa.
Shuka seedlings
Shuka bishiyoyin eggplant yana da wahala sosai, amma lokacin da seedlings suka girma, manyan matsaloli zasu kasance a baya. Ba kowane lambu ba ya ɗaukar wannan batun: ƙwayayen eggplant suna buƙatar aiki mai yawa da haƙuri.
Yaushe shuka shuka kwai na shuka
Seedswan itace, musamman waɗanda ba a shirye suke ba, sun fito zuwa lokaci mai tsawo, kuma tsararran tsaba ba sa tsiro a lokaci guda. Karo na farko na iya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 6-8, sannan sai bayan mako biyun masu zuwa na iya bayyana. Saboda haka, dole ne mutum ya fara yin shiri don shuka iri ko da a cikin hunturu, ba tare da la’akari da ya kamata a girma a sa ciyawar a cikin gona ko a cikin ƙasa ba.
Kwanaki mafi kyau don shuka tsaba a Siberiya sune farkon kwanakin Maris. A wannan yanayin, ana iya sa ran seedlings a tsakiyar Maris, da kuma bayyanar buds - a ƙarshen Mayu. Bayan haka, zaku iya dasa eggplants a ƙarƙashin mafakar fim. Tare da shuka daga baya, zai yuwu a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin watan Yuni, lokacin da sanyi zai ƙare a Siberia. Tsarin bazai buƙaci tsari ba, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa ba zai ragu ba: kawai thea fruitsan farko za su fara zuwa kafin lokacin sanyi.
Idan dasa shuki a cikin kore yana zaton, an shuka shuka ne sati daya da rabi a baya, bayan 20 ga watan Fabrairu. Tabbas, ana iya dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse mai zafi ko da a cikin Afrilu, amma yana da wuya a dafa shi ko da a cikin gidan hunturu a cikin ɗakin gari: babu isasshen hasken rana, tsire-tsire za su shimfiɗa, kuma yana iya zama mai sanyi a kan windowsill.
Bidiyo: seedlingsan itace da ke girma
Shuka shirin
Eggplant zai fi kyau sown nan da nan a cikin matsakaici-sized peat tukwane. Amma saboda wannan kuna buƙatar kashe tsaba da yawa nan da nan (shuka aƙalla guda 3 a cikin tukunya don tukwane da tukwane ba su shuɗe ba saboda ƙarancin germination). Kuma zasu dauki sarari tsawon watanni uku a gidan. Sabili da haka, da farko sau da yawa ana shuka su a cikin karamin akwatin gama gari, sannan sai a nutse. Koyaya, wannan al'ada ba ta amsa sosai don ɗaukar hoto ba, yawancin mazauna bazara suna shuka tsaba a cikin ƙananan kofuna, sannan canja wurin su cikin manyan tukwane ba tare da tayar da tsarin tushen ba.
Preparationasa mai kyau don shuka yana da mahimmanci. Idan akwai peat da yashi, ana iya yin cakuda da kansa ta hanyar haɗa ƙasa mai kyau da peat a cikin rabin kuma ƙara kashi goma na yashi. Game da 50 g na kowane ma'adinin ma'adinai da dintsi na ash ya kamata a kara su nan da nan a cikin guga na cakuda da aka samu. Ya kamata a lalata irin wannan ƙasa ta hanyar zuba shi da ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan.
Don girma bushes dozin, yana da sauƙin saya ƙasa da aka yi girki a cikin shagon, zaɓi ɗaya inda ya faɗi game da eggplant.
Tsaba kafin shuka kuma ana gurbata su ta hanyar shirya maganin potassiumgangan a cikin launi mai duhu. Tsarin girki iri yana wuce minti 20-30, bayan wankan yana zamewa wajibi. Idan kwai ya kamata a girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, zuriya a cikin firiji ma ya zama dole (a cikin rigar nama tsawon kwana 3-4).
A ranar da shuka, yana da daraja zalunta da eggplant tsaba da kuma girma stimulator, wannan da ƙara germination da kuma karfafa nan gaba shuke-shuke. Hanya mafi sauƙi don amfani da Epin-orari ko Zircon, cikakke bisa umarnin. Kuna iya ɗaukar ruwan 'ya'yan lemar na agave, diluting shi sau 5 tare da ruwa kuma riƙe tsaba a cikin mafita na awoyi da yawa. Wasu lambu suna shuka tsaba kafin shuka, amma wannan ba lallai ba ne: don kwanakin da yawa na shirye-shiryen sun riga sun kumbura sosai.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Cika ƙananan kofuna waɗanda tare da ƙasa mai shiri, inda aka shuka tsaba 2-3 (ɗaya bayan ɗaya, idan akwai ƙarancin tsaba, amma yana yiwuwa kofuna waɗanda ba komai zasu kasance). Zurfin shuka shine kusan 1.5 cm. A saman sa wani Layer of snow 'yan santimita. Kirki, shi a ko'ina soaks kasar gona da compact kasar gona kamar yadda ya cancanta. Bugu da kari, ruwan dusar ƙanƙara yana kunna matakan haɓaka.
Gilashin ya kamata a rufe gilashin ko fim ɗin zahiri kuma a saka shi cikin zãfi, mafi yawan zafin jiki har sai an fito daga 25-28 ° C. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, haske mai haske ba lallai ba ne, amma nan da nan bayan samuwar “madaukai” na farko a farfajiya, kofuna waɗanda zasu buƙaci canja shi zuwa wuri mai haske, in ba haka ba zai iya fitar da ƙwayar da sauri. Idan ƙasa ta bushe a cikin tsammanin seedlings, dole ne a sanyaya shi da hankali tare da ruwa.
Kulawar seedling
Farkon harbe zai bayyana a cikin kwana bakwai, amma suna iya zama kaɗan. Yayinda "madaukai" suka bayyana, ya kamata a canza gilashin zuwa sill taga mai kyau mai kyau, tare da zazzabi na 16-18 ° С. Ana buƙatar wannan tsarin tsawon kwana biyar, sannan zazzabi a hankali ya tashi zuwa 23-25 ° C (digiri da yawa ƙasa da dare) kuma ana kiyaye shi kamar wannan har ƙarshen ƙarshen namo. Lokacin da ya bayyana a fili wane harbe suke bayan wasu, ana cire su a hankali, suna barin mafi ƙarfi a cikin gilashin.
Ana shayar da 'ya'yan itace tare da ruwa tare da ruwa tare da zazzabi na kimanin 30 game daC, suna yin wannan sau 1-2 a mako, amma a matsakaici: daga waterlogging na ƙasa akwai karuwar haɗarin don seedlings don rashin lafiya tare da ƙafa na baki. Makonni biyu bayan germination bayar saman miya: 1 tablespoon na urea a cikin guga na ruwa. Ana juya kofuna waɗanda lokaci-lokaci zuwa tushen hasken wuta don kada thean itacen ya tanƙwara.
Lingsalingsan da ke tsiro ba tare da bambanci ba, kuma dole ne a tafiyar da daskararru cikin tukwane mafi girma. Suna yin wannan a hankali, suna ƙoƙarin cire shuka tare da duk ƙasa mai samuwa daga gilashin. Mafi girman murfin kwantena don jigilar jigilar ruwa kusan lita ne, ƙasa daidai take da gilashin gilashi. Cika shi isasshe don cire dukkan abubuwan ɓoye, sannan ku zuba shi da ruwa mai ɗumi. Carearin kulawa iri ɗaya ne kamar na kafin amintarwa.
Eggan tsire-tsire masu shirya - ba ƙaramin tsiro ba
Kwana 15-20 kafin su dasa shuki a cikin gonar, suna fushi da shi, suna fitar da shi a kan baranda, da farko na dan karamin lokaci, sannan kuma awanni da yawa. A lokaci guda, zazzabi a kan titi kada ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa: 12-14 game daC na shuka - bai isa ba. A safiyar ranar dasawa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu kyau. Shirya don dasa shuki ya kamata ya sami tsawo na 20-25 cm kuma 5-8 manyan kore ganye. Don haka ta zama kimanin shekara 2,5. Idan buds sun riga sun tashi - kyau kwarai.
Dasawa seedlings a cikin ƙasa
Ana iya dasa bishiyar lemo a cikin kyakkyawan shuka a Siberiya a ƙarshen Afrilu, amma yawanci ana yin shi a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Tare da rashin zafi, ana amfani da ƙarin sutturar kayan da ba ta saka ba. A cikin ƙasa ba tare da mafaka ba, ana iya yin dasa shuki a cikin Siberin a tsakiyar Yuni, lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi sosai. Zai yiwu mako biyun da suka gabata, amma a wannan yanayin, da farko saita baka, ka rufe su da fim, sannan a maye gurbin fim din tare da spunbond mai ruɓi, daga tsakiyar watan Yuni ka cire tsari kawai da rana.
Saukowa
Yana da kyawawa cewa a lokacin disembarkation, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun kada ta kasance ƙasa da 20 game daC. Kuma tunda ba'a iya tsammanin wannan a Siberiya ba, an shirya gadaje na dogon lokaci, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa lokacin dasa shukar ƙasa yayi zafi har zuwa 15 game daC. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna shirya gadaje masu ɗumi don eggplant. Don yin wannan, zaɓi wurin da aka kunna sosai, an rufe shi daga iska ta arewa.
Tun daga farkon lokacin bazara da suka gabata, sun tona rami mai zurfin 20-25 cm a cikin girman gadaje masu zuwa. An haɗa abubuwa da yawa na sharar ɗabi'a: sawdust, ganye, ƙananan reshen, ciyawa, datti, da dai sauransu Idan akwai peat, duk wannan ana yayyafa shi da karimin. Lokaci-lokaci ruwa da kan gaba a gonar da tinctures na taki ko tsuntsu droppings. Faɗar da barci mai tsabta ƙasa mai tsabta.
A tarnaƙi na samu babban gadaje suna fenced tare da allon, Slate, da dai sauransu A cikin bazara, an yayyafa gadaje da itace ash kuma mako guda kafin a dasa shuki, an zubar da su da ruwa mai ɗaci tare da ƙari na mullein. Bayan haka, rufe tare da fim don dumama. Ranar da za a dasa shuki, za a kwance kasa, sannan a yi ramuka zuwa girman tukwane tare da 'ya'yan itace. Tsarin dasa ya dogara da iri-iri, amma tsakanin bushes bai zama ƙasa da 35 cm ba, kuma tsakanin layuka - daga 50 zuwa 70 cm. Suna ƙoƙarin dasa ƙwayoyin kwai a maraice, lokacin da rana ba ta yin burodi.
Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, ana buƙatar tsari na ɗan lokaci
Lokacin dasawa, ba a cika binne tsire-tsire ba, gangara daga cikin eggplant shima ba'a buƙata. Peat tukwane ana dasa su gaba ɗaya, ana dasa shi daga wasu withan seedlings tare da duk abinda ke ciki na tukunya. A bu mai kyau mu ba da pegs ɗin nan da nan idan iri-iri na bukatar garter. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a cikin lambun da ruwa mai ɗumi, ƙasa kuma a kewayen bushes ta ɗan mulmula. Tabbatar an rufe shuki da kayan da ba'a saka ba.
Bidiyo: gado don kayan kwai na Siberian
Shuka Greenhouse
Ana iya dasa bishiyoyi a cikin Siber a cikin greenhouse a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu, kuma a cikin greenhouse mai makonni 1-2 da suka gabata. A cikin gidajen katako, musamman polycarbonate, yanayin zafin jiki da ake buƙata an ƙirƙira shi da wuri don kayan kwai. Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, dole ne mutum ya kula da yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin greenhouse ko ƙasa, bai kamata yayi sanyi ba 14 game daC.
A gaba, kuna buƙatar shirya gadaje a cikin greenhouse. A lokacin fall, duk tarkace tsire-tsire ya kamata a lalata kuma ƙasa ta shirya. Idan an lura da cututtukan tsire-tsire, ya fi kyau canza ƙasa gaba ɗaya. A cikin kaka, yana da daraja a samar da gado, a tono ƙasa tare da takin zamani. Mako guda kafin dasa shuki seedlings, ana shayar da gonar lambatu tare da bayani mai haske na farin zubin jan karfe kuma an rufe shi da fim.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki, sai aka cire fim din kuma aka bar kasar ta kai matsayin da zai yuwu a yi aiki da ita. A hankali kwance, matakin tare da rake da shuka shuka. Tsarin saukowa iri guda ne kamar a cikin fili. Don nau'ikan tsayi, yana da dacewa don amfani da fit ɗin allo. Shuka fasahar shuka iri ɗaya ce kamar ta waje.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin huhun takin zamani
Shuka tsaba a gonar
A wajen kudu, lokacin da ake yin tsirowar ganye, zaka iya yin shuka ba tare da shuka ba. Amma a Siberiya, ana iya yin wannan kawai ta hanyar ɗaukar haɗari mai yawa, da zaɓin manyan nau'ikan farkon-da nau'ikan halittu don irin wannan namo. A wannan yanayin, yin amfani da katako ba ma da babbar fa'ida a kan buɗe ƙasa.
Don samun lokaci don samun girbin 'ya'yan fari na ganye, dole ne a shuka su a gonar a farkon farkon Mayu. A wannan lokacin, a Siberiya, suna zuwa kasar ne kawai a karon farko, don haka ya kamata a shirya lambun a bazara, sannan kuma ya kamata a gina shinge na fim. A lokacin shuka, kasar gona a zurfin 10 cm ya kamata ya dumama zuwa akalla 15 ° C. Kuna iya zuba gado tare da ruwan zafi, sannan ku rufe shi da fim.
An shuka tsaba sosai densely: su germination a cikin Spartan yanayi na iya zama kasa. A cikin layuka da aka shirya bayan 50-60 cm, ana shuka tsaba a kowane 5-6 cm Bayan fitowar, ana shuka ƙwayar seedlings sau da yawa, cire samfuran mafi rauni. Ana cire fim din kawai lokacin bazara na yanzu.
Kulawar ƙasa
Karo na farko a cikin lambun yayi girma a hankali, girma yana farawa a cikin makonni biyu, lokacin da seedlings suka samo tushe. Da farko kuna buƙatar ƙarancin kulawa: kawai kuna buƙatar kiyaye ƙasa ta ɗan jika da sako-sako. A duk lokacin bazara, kulawa ya haɗa da shayarwa, takin, shimfidawa da sanya bushes.
Eggplant a cikin ƙasa bude
A kasar gona a kan eggplant ya kamata ko da yaushe ya kasance dan kadan m. Eggplant yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, amma ya kamata a fitar da ƙarancin waterlogging. Wajibi ne a sha ruwa kawai da ruwa, a ƙarƙashin tushe. A Siberiya, suna ƙoƙarin dasa shuki tare da fure, kuma har sai an dasa su, ana shayar da su sau ɗaya a mako: da safe ko da yamma, suna kashe kimanin 1 m game da guga na ruwa2. Da zarar furanni sun fure, ya zama dole ruwa sau da yawa. Zazzabi na ruwa - ba ƙasa da 25 ba game daC.
Bayan kowace ruwa ko ruwan sama, ana fitar da loosening. Ba'a amfani da ɓarna da tsirrai a Siberiya. Tabbas, dole ne a kula da sako ko da yaushe. Har zuwa saita 'ya'yan itace, saman miya ba lallai ba ne, sai dai, ba shakka, bushes ɗin yayi girma. Amma sai arika yawaita ciyar da ita sau biyu a wata. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da infusions na mullein ko droppings tsuntsu a karon farko, kuma bai kamata a ba da nitrogen a lokacin yawan 'ya'yan itace taro ba, saboda haka, ana amfani da superphosphate da potassium sulfate. Kuna iya maye gurbin wannan cakuda tare da jiko na ash.
Yawancin nau'ikan eggplant da hybrids suna buƙatar samuwar bushes, amma a cikin ƙasa a Siberiya, ana ba da izinin tsire-tsire sau da yawa ta halitta. Koyaya, ya zama dole a kalla ƙyamar ƙarancin matakai, alhali yanzu sun fito. Irin wannan aiki na farko yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta su kiyaye ƙarfi kuma su jagora zuwa ci gaban 'ya'yan itatuwa. Hakanan ana cire cirewar ganyen yellowing. Wajibi ne a miƙa wani ɓangare na ovaries: a cikin yanayin wani ɗan gajeren bazara yana da wuya a sami 'ya'yan itatuwa fiye da 7-8 a kan bushes.
Abin da ya bayyana daga axils na ganye dole ne a cire shi da wuri-wuri.
A Siberiya, dole ne ka kula da yanayin yau da kullun. Lokacin da yake zafi a waje, ana kiyaye gadaje a buɗe, kuma idan zazzabi ta faɗi ƙasa da 15 ° C, an rufe bushes ba da kayan da aka saka ba. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, an sake rufe gado da wani fim. Mafi yawan masu girka kayan lambu suna lura da tsawon lokacin hasken rana: kayan kwai suna samarwa da 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau cikin kankanen lokaci. Saboda haka, in ya yiwu, da safe da maraice suna rufe plantings daga wuce haddi haske.
Kwaiyo a cikin shinkafa
Ganyayyaki a Siberiya kuma suna buƙatar kulawa a cikin greenhouse: a kan damp, bazara mai hadari, da wuya ku sami 'ya'yan itatuwa fiye da biyu daga daji, har ma a gida. Wannan al'ada tana buƙatar haske da ɗumi. Haske da rana ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin, kuma yawan zafin jiki a cikin gidan ya kamata ya zama kimanin 25-30 game daC, kusan babu rabewar ruwan sanyi. A lokacin rana, a cikin greenhouse a cikin wuta, zaka iya kula da yawan zafin jiki ta hanyar buɗe taga da ƙofofin kawai, amma dole ne a rufe su da dare. Kwantena na ruwa a cikin taimako na greenhouse.
Ba ya ruwa a cikin greenhouse, wanda ke nufin ana buƙatar shayarwa sau da yawa fiye da akan titi. Idan lokacin girma a cikin ƙasa mara kariya yana yiwuwa ba zai iya zuwa wurin ba a tsakiyar mako, kuna buƙatar ziyarci gidan kore a kullun: ba tare da yin iska a lokacin zafi ba, zazzabi na iya barin sikelin, kuma idan akwai zafi da ƙwanƙwasa ba saita.
Adadin ciyar bai bambanta da wannan lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kuma ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar bushes. Tabbas, a cikin gidajen katako suna ƙoƙarin dasa nau'ikan tsayi, sabili da haka, aƙalla, ya kamata a ɗaure bushes ɗin zuwa trellises ko hadarurruka.
A cikin greenhouses a kan bushes bar m harbe
Lokacin da bushes girma zuwa 30 cm, tsunkule saman a kan babban tushe, bayan da gefen harbe fara girma. Daga qarshe, basu bar biyar ba. Idan isasshen 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa sun kafa akan harbi, kuma harbin ya ci gaba da girma, suma suna yanyanke saman. Dukkanin ayyukan kirkirar an dakatar da wata daya kafin girbin karshe: yanzu dole ne a yiwa sojojin shuka wannan abu zuwa ga 'ya'yan itaciyar.
Cutar da kwari
Mafi yawan cututtuka na kowa shine eggplant a cikin greenhouse, inda babban zafi yake faruwa. A cikin ƙasa buɗe, kwari sun fi damuwa.
Manyan cututtuka
- Blackaƙwalwar baƙar fata cuta ce ta shuka, da wuya ta shafi tsire-tsire na manya. Daga wannan naman gwari, wuyansa na tushen kwai na duhu. Jiyya ba zai yiwu ba. An cire samfuran marasa lafiya, ana amfani da ƙasa a maimakonsu da Billa, a wasu wurare da aka yayyafa su da toka.
Blackafar baƙar fata tana lalata ƙwayar seedlings a kan tabo
- Mosaic cuta ce ta hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, ganye yakan samo tsarin mosaic, kuma an lullube 'ya'yan itatuwa da bakin rawaya. Zai yi wuya a warke irin wannan cuta; dole a cire tsire-tsire.
Musa kawai yana kallon marasa illa a bayyanar, yana iya lalata tsire-tsire
- Tushen launin toka cuta cuta ne na fara, wanda ya fara bayyana ta duhu duhu, sannan wani abin toka. An yanke sassan marasa lafiya na shuka, sauran za'a iya yada su tare da liƙa da ke ɗauke da Trichodermin.
Grey rot na iya barin ba tare da amfanin gona ba
- Ruwan zafin rana ƙarshen cuta cuta ce mai haɗari ga kowane irin shuka. Bar ganye ya rufe bakin launin ruwan kasa, ya bushe ya bushe. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kuma lalata. Wani lokaci shirye-shiryen Zircon ko Fitosporin suna taimakawa.
Marigayi lokacin zafi yana tasowa a cikin sanyi
- Powdery mildew yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan fungi. Da farko, farin kaya yana bayyana akan ƙananan ganye, sannan akan sauran, yana zuwa fruitsa .an. Jiyya shine Fitosporin ko Trichodermin.
Powdery mildew yana da wuya ba a gane shi ba: kamar dai gari yana yayyafa dukkan shuka da gari
Mafi yawan hatsari kwari
- Kankiyar dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro - sanannun ƙwayar minke Whale - tana cutar da ƙwayayen ba ƙasa da dankalin turawa, yana buɗe ganyayyaki masu tsabta. Dole ne a tattara ƙwayoyin hannu da hannu kuma a lalata.
Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro: kyau sosai, amma ba mai cutarwa ba
- Aphid karamin kwari ne, yayi kama da tsan ɗigon launin toka a ƙasan ganyen, yana tsotse ruwan itace daga tsirrai. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da shirye-shiryen Fitoverm ko Iskra-bio don fesawa.
Aphids sun sami damar tsotse dukkan ruwan 'ya'yan itace har zuwa mutuwar tsire-tsire
- Slugs - ku ci duka ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kowa ya san waɗannan m halittun, yana yiwuwa a iya yaƙar su, amma yana da wahala. Zai iya zama duka baits (suna son giya), da kuma shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda suka watsu a ƙasa, alal misali, ɗan Sludge.
Halittu marasa tsami sune halittun da basu da dadi wanda zasu iya ruguza duk filaye
- Whitefly shine malam buɗe ido wanda ke narke ramuka a ganye. A cikin ƙasa buɗe, fesawa tare da Confidor yana taimakawa.
Whitefly: malam buɗe ido ƙarami ne, amma akwai cutarwa da yawa daga gare ta
Girbi da adanawa
'Ya'yan itãcen fure a cikin Siberiya ba sa farawa a farkon watan Agusta. A ƙarshen bazara, a lokacin lokacin dumama a kowane daji a cikin ƙasa, zaku iya tara 'ya'yan itaciyar 5-7. Eggplants ana girbe a cikin lokaci na fasaha balaga: 'ya'yan itãcen dole ne girma zuwa da ake buƙata size, saya halayyar launi domin iri-iri, karba m ɓangaren litattafan almara. Tsaba a wannan lokacin fararen fata ne, masu taushi, mara nauyi. Ganawa mako-mako, yankan yankan yansandan tare da peduncle. Ganyayyaki da suka wuce gona da iri basu dace da abinci ba.
Ana adana kwai na tsawon sati uku. Dole ne a adana su tare da ciyawa, mafi kyawun zazzabi a lokacin ajiya 1-2 game daC, yanayin kusanci 85-90%. Tunda yana da wahala a adana su, suna ƙoƙarin sarrafa 'ya'yan itacen a cikin kwanakin farko bayan girbi.
A Siberiya, bazara tana da ɗumi, amma gajarta, wadda ba ta isa ba ga nasarar cinikin kwai. Ko ta yaya, ta amfani da dabaru iri-iri, masu lambu suna samun kyawun wannan kayan lambu mai daɗi anan. Suna yin wannan duka a cikin gidaje da kuma bayan su, amma sun shuka galibi farkon iri da kuma hybrids kuma suna kula da su sosai.
