Colchicum shine tsire-tsire na fure mai ƙanshi daga dangin Colchicum. A yanayi, yana girma a cikin Bahar Rum, Afirka ta Arewa da Asiya ta kudu. Kodayake furanni na colchicum suna kama da layin bazara, suna yin fure a faɗo, lokacin da yawancin mazaunan gonar fure suka riga sun bushe. A saboda wannan dalili, yawancin lambu da farin ciki shirya wannan sabon abu shuka a shafin. A cikin mutane ana iya samo shi a ƙarƙashin sunayen "colchicum", "crocusic kaka" ko "kaka". Furen yana girma tare da kusan babu kulawa, kodayake, wasu fasalulluka na abubuwanda yakamata suyi nazari.
Bayanin Shuka
Colchicum shine tsire-tsire na tumatir. Tsawon tsire-tsire 5 cm cm 5. Ana sabunta ɓangaren ƙasa kowace shekara, yana kunshe da ciyawar ciyawa mai girma. Kwan fitila mai launi mara nauyi yana da mau kirim, kusan fari, ainihin sannan an rufe shi da sikirin duhu mai duhu. Tsawon tsayinsa ya zama santimita 3-5. Dogayen matsakaicin ganye na nau'i na lanceolate sun bayyana a farkon bazara. An zana su da launi mai haske mai haske kuma suna samar da farin ƙarfe na Rosal. Tsawon farantin ganye mai santsi shine cm 20-30. Akwatin zuriya tana bayyana daga tsakiya. Ana kafa tsaba masu launin launin ruwan kasa daga ovaries na bara. Suna girma a ƙarshen Mayu, bayan da akwatin buɗewa kuma iska tana kwashe iska.
Itace yawancin nau'ikan colchicum yana farawa a watan Satumba. Ko sanyi ko dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi ba zata zama wannan shingen ba. Bulan kwanya ɗaya a kowace kakar na iya samar da furanni da yawa. Nakallon kafaffun kafa na tsaye kai tsaye daga ƙasa. Tsawon tsirrai tare da furen ya kai cm 25. Fiye da rabin tsayi tana mamaye a cikin gilashin. Manyan furanni masu ƙanshi sun kunshi lanceolate ko sittin fure. Launin furanni na iya zama dusar fari-fari, cream, ruwan hoda, shunayya ko ruwan lemo. Akwai nau'ikan da ke da madaidaiciya mai sauƙin Corylas. Flow yana da kimanin makonni 3, bayan wannan shuka ta bushe gaba ɗaya.
Kalandar rayuwa
Colchicum yana manne da yanayin rayuwa. An sanya su ta hanyar yanayin yanayi na wuraren asalin furanni. Tsirrai da za su iya daidaita rayuwarsu da hawan keke sune ake kira "ephemeroids." Cold da m bushe, kazalika da sizzling zafi zafi, ba da yarda da aiki girma da ciyawa harbe.
Tare da narkewar bazara, colchicum yana farkawa kuma yana fitar da kore kore tare da ganye. A lokaci guda, 'ya'yan itace suna bayyana wanda tsaba suke girma. Wannan lokacin ana kiransa ciyayi. Sashin kore yana shiga cikin hoto kuma yana sanya kwan fitila tare da abubuwan gina jiki na shekara mai zuwa. Tuni a farkon watan Yuni, dukkan harbe sun bushe kuma lokacin hutu zai fara.
Sake shakatawa faruwa a watan Satumba. Nan da nan, manyan furanni masu ƙanshin ƙanshi suna tashi daga ƙarƙashin ganye. Sun dage tsawon makonni 2-3. Ana samun sabon ci gaba sosai saboda wadatar abinci a cikin kwan fitila. A cikin kwan fitila akwai kwai, wanda za a rufe shi cikin tsawan hunturu. Bayan fure, colchicum ya sake yin barci har sai lokacin bazara.
Jinsunan Colchicum
Akwai nau'ikan colchicum sama da 90. Duk da haka, kawai wasu daga cikinsu ana amfani dasu a al'ada. Jerin yana dacewa da nau'ikan kayan ado da kuma hybrids.
Colchicum shine kaka. Tsawon ganyayyaki na herbaceous ya kai 40 cm. Ganyen olongated oval an fentin su da launin kore mai haske. Suna da daskararren fata mai laushi. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, manyan furanni masu launin fari ko ruwan hoda sun fara bayyana. Dansu diamita ya kai 7 cm da tsawo na cm 10.
- Fure mai fure - tare da furanni mai launin shuɗi;
- Farar fata - ya samar da launuka har guda 6 tare da daskararren dusar kankara- da kuma farin rawaya;
- Terry - fure, fure 12, mai fa 5 cm kuma inci, ya ƙunshi layuka da yawa na kanti masu launin shudi;
- Bacons filin - tare da manyan furanni ruwan hoda-m.
Colchicum yana da ban mamaki. A lokacin bazara, kara zuwa 50 cm tsayi yana bayyana daga ƙasa .. An rufe shi da manyan manyan ganye. Farantin ganye tare da bangarorin wavy yana girma cm 30-35 cm a lokaci guda, girmansa shine cm 6. Ganyen ya bushe a watan Yuni, kuma manyan furanni na fure ko furanni ruwan hoda sun bayyana a watan Satumba. Popular iri:
- Huxley - furanni matasa ana zane-zanen ruwan hoda da shuɗi, amma a hankali sun zama launin ruwan hoda;
- Premier - fure a ƙarshen kaka tare da furanni shuɗi mai haske;
- Lily na ruwa - furanni daban-daban mai haske mai ruwan hoda.
Colchicum yana da gaisuwa. A cikin Maris, 4 Reed haske kore ganye girma daga wani oblong baki-launin ruwan kasa kwan fitila. A tsakiyar tsakiyar ganye da kayan itace akwati mai kama da kwai mai ɗauke da buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido uku. Tsayinsa yakai cm 2 A watan Satumba, manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda sun bayyana daga kwan fitila. Tsawon corolla kusan 4 cm.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Colchicum yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, kwararan fitila 'yar tsana da kuma rarraba resm. Yin yaduwar iri ya dace da jinsin colchicum ne kawai, saboda ba a adana haruffan halayyar cuta. Ba shi yiwuwa a jira tsaba daga nau'in terry kwata-kwata. Lsalsan seedapean peapean beginan itace na fara duhu. Tun kafin a bayyana, an yanke su a bushe a karkashin wata karamar alfarwa. Yana da mahimmanci kada a bar ƙwayayen su yi duhu baki ɗaya, in ba haka ba za su yi girma kawai na shekaru 2-3.
Saukowa ana yi a cikin fall. Yi amfani da ƙasa mai sauƙi mai haske tare da ƙari da ƙasa mai ɗorewa, peat da yashi. Ana ajiye akwati tare da tsaba a zazzabi na 0 ... + 12 ° C. A cikin 'yan makonni, Tushen zai yi girma, kuma harbe filayen zai fito a farkon bazara. Ganyayyaki na seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings zasu samar da kowace bazara, amma furanni zasu bayyana ne bayan shekaru 6-7. Daga shekara ta biyu matasa colchicum za'a iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Ana kulawa da su kamar dai su tsire-tsire ne masu girma.
Kowace shekara, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na kankara saboda ƙarancin fitsari A tsawon lokaci, da yawa daga cikinsu yasa furanni ya bushe ko ya gushe. Sabili da haka, aƙalla shekaru 5-6, colchicum ya kamata a dasa shi, raba wani ɓangaren fitilar 'yar. Itaciya tana a zurfin cm 30 zuwa 30. A tsakiyar watan Yuli ana haƙa su a hankali, suna cire yawancin turɓayar ƙasa da ragowar kwararan fitila. Ba za a iya lalata juji ba. Wanke da aka wanke tare da aura a cikin ƙwayoyin potassium ana bushewa a cikin iska. A farkon watan Agusta, ana shuka kwararan fitila a ƙasa a buɗe. Idan kun ƙarfafa tare da dasa shuki, furanni zasu fara bayyana daidai a cikin ɗakin.
Kwan fitila na mai kyau colchicum siffofin da yawa harbe. A lokacin bazara, za'a iya haƙa shi kuma a yanka zuwa sassa da yawa. Kowane sashi dole ne ya sami mafita. Delenki ya tsoma shi a cikin gawayi da ƙura a bushe a cikin sabon iska a cikin inuwa. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, ana shuka albasa da aka sare a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 12-18 cm.
Kwan fitila tilastawa
Growararren malamin gona da ke da gogaggen zai iya sarrafa hawan rayuwar colchicum kuma ya sami fure a lokacin da ya dace. Za a iya amfani da manyan, albasarta cikakke don wannan dalilin. An haƙa su bayan lokacin ciyayi, a hankali an bushe su kuma a cikin firiji. Wata daya kafin fure, ana shuka kwararan fitila a cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki kuma ana shayar da su a hankali. Wajibi ne a ƙunshi tsirrai a cikin wani wuri mai sanyi (+ 10 ... + 15 ° C), a cikin inuwa m. Da isowar harbe-harbe, an mayar da tukwane zuwa dakin da yake da ɗumi-da-lit. Flow ba zai dauki dogon lokaci ba. Hakanan, wasu furanni zasu maye gurbin wasu.
Lokacin da duk buds sun bushe, an kwashe kwararan fitila zuwa baranda mai sanyi ko a haƙa a gonar tare da akwati. A lokacin bazara, sai suka farka suka yi fure mai haske. Bayan irin wannan distillation, tsire-tsire ba su shuɗe ba, kamar yadda a cikin wasu kwararan fitila. Suna ci gaba da haɓakawa da ƙwarewar da aka saba.
Lokaci da wuri
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka da dasa kwaya shi ne Agusta. Kwan fitila a wannan lokacin ya ƙunshi wadataccen abinci kuma yana cikin hutawa. Colchicum yana kwance zuwa wurin saukowa. Zai iya zama yanki mai buɗe rana ko inuwa mai cike da haske. Koyaya, ba'a bada shawarar dasa shi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi tare da kambi mai yawa. Rashin haske ga tsire-tsire ba ya taka rawa, amma a cikin Inuwa, wurare masu laushi masu yawa tarkoki zasu iya rayuwa.
Furanni suna girma mafi kyau akan sako-sako, ƙasa mai dausayi, amma kuma tana iya dacewa da sauran ƙasa. Ko da loam mai nauyi ba matsala gare su. Acidity na iya zama kowane. Abinda kawai colchicum baya jurewa shine ambaliyar ruwa, yankuna masu narkewa. Matsakaitan da ƙananan kwararan fitila ana shuka su zuwa zurfin 8-12 cm, kuma waɗanda aka fi girma ana binne su da 20-25 cm. Edgesasoshin bututun da ke haɓaka daga kwan fitila ya kamata ya zube a saman. Tun da daji zai ci gaba da girma a cikin faɗin fili, nisan da ke tsakanin ciyawar ya kamata ya zama daga 20 cm.
Kafin dasa shuki, manyan dunbin duwatsun an haƙa su sun fashe. Ana bada shawarar Mullein da superphosphate. Idan za ta yiwu, ƙasa mai nauyi ta gauraye da sawdust da peat.
Dokokin Kulawar Shuka
Kulawa ga colchicum abu ne mai sauqi. Dankin ba shi da ma'ana, kuma lokutan ayyukan an riga an tare su da sharaɗɗan yanayi. A cikin bazara, kasar gona cike take da danshi daga narkewar dusar ƙanƙara. Yin ruwa na colchicum ba lallai ba ne. Koyaya, ana bada shawara don sarrafa matakin danshi a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin ambaliyar, an yi tsagi don magudanar ruwan kuma an cire ragowar dusar ƙanƙara. Idan yanayin bushe ya shigo tare da bayyanar furanni, ya zama dole don shayar da colchicum tare da ruwa kadan.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, ya kamata a sa a sako sako lokaci-lokaci kuma a cire ciyayi. A watan Yuni, ana yanke ganyayyaki don kiyaye lambun furen. Ana maimaita irin wannan hanyar a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da aka gama fure. Kafin pruning, da shoot dole ne lokacin da Fade.
A cikin kaka, ana rarraba takin da ganye ganye a wurin dasawa. Suna zama isasshen tsari don hunturu. A cikin yanayin canjin yanayin zafi, colchicum yi haƙuri da sanyi koda yaushe a cikin rashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Tare da ambaliyar ruwa na ƙasa akai-akai, tsire-tsire suna shafar launin toka mai launin toka. Za'a iya cire bayyanannun bayyanar ta hanyar magani tare da kashe-kashe ("Topaz", "Kuproksat", "Champion"). Kwararan fitila da succulent ganye kamar katantanwa da slugs. Wadanda magungunan kashe kwari kusan basa aiki dasu. 'Yan lambu suna haifar da cikas ga inzabi, in an watsar da ƙurar ƙwayaje da toka.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Kwararan fitila da tsaba na colchicum suna dauke da alkaloids, sugars, flavonoids da mahimmin mai. Ana yin amfani da shirye-shirye daga gare su a cikin maganin gargajiya da na gargajiya azaman magunguna, bugun jini, maganin maye, da kuma motsa jiki. Alkaloids na taimaka wajan rage karfin jini kuma yana taimakawa ci gaba da cutar kansa.
Dole ne mu manta cewa dukkan sassa na shuka suna da guba sosai. Game da yawan abin sama da ya kamata, mai guba mai yiwuwa ne, kuma shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace sabo akan fatar yana haifar da ƙonewa. Kafin amfani da potions daga colchicum, ya kamata ka nemi likitanka.
