Acorus shine tsire-tsire na herbaceous wanda ke cikin dangin araic (Acoraceae). Ana kuma kiranta ciyawar calamus ko gramineus. Ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya daga gabashin Asiya (Japan da Indochina). An samo shi a ko'ina cikin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. Dankin ya fi son ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa, don haka masoya na akwatin kifaye suna juyayi da shi. Koyaya, tare da nutsuwa a cikin ruwa, acorus yana canza ma'aunin akwatin kifaye kuma yana asarar kayan adonsa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin Botanical
Acorus ana iya samunsa a cikin Caucasus, Tsakiya da Gabas ta Asiya, da kuma Siberiya. Ya gwammace ƙasa mai laushi a kusa da koguna ko sabbin ruwa mai ruwa. Yawancin lokaci yakan yi kauri a kusa da ciyawar.
Acorus wani yanki ne mai kunkuntar ganye wanda ya girma daga ƙasa a cikin ƙananan tsibirai. Bincike na kusa yana buɗe bakin ganye mai siffar ɗabi'a. Tsawon ganyayyaki a cikin al'adun na iya isa 40 cm, kuma faɗin ba ya wuce cm 5 A cikin daji, akwai lokuta idan calamus ya tashi 1-1.5 m. Fararen Leaf ɗin suna da lebur tare da laushi, farfajiya mai laushi. Sun bambanta da launuka masu launin shuɗi, wani lokacin akwai fari ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
Raƙƙarfan ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa an sarƙe shi, yana jan ƙafa, yana da rassa masu yawa. A wasu wurare, tushen kauri zai iya zama 4 cm.
A lokacin lokacin furanni (daga Mayu zuwa Yuli), an kafa inflorescence a cikin hanyar karamin, an buɗe cob tare da ƙananan rawaya da kore furanni. A lokacin kakar, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su da lokacin shuka a cikin latitude, sabili da haka, haifuwa tana faruwa ta hanyar rarraba tushen.
Iri daban-daban
Masu ilimin Botanists sun bambanta kusan nau'ikan acorus 6, amma kaɗan daga cikinsu ana samun su galibi a al'adu.
Acorus calamus (marsh ko na gama gari). Wannan shine asalin nau'ikan asali a Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Tushen wannan nau'ikan suna da kaddarorin warkarwa.
Acorus bashi da gashi. Itatacciyar itaciya mai tsayi sama da cm cm 20. Girman ganye ba ya wuce cm 1 Ganyen suna da haske, a bayyane. Yana girma a bakin gabar ruwa mai tsafta kuma baya jure cikakkiyar nutsuwa cikin ruwa. Domin acorus a cikin akwatin kifaye don jin daɗi, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar tuddai ko sanya tukunyar a kan ƙaramin farfajiyar. Tushen kawai ya kamata ya kasance cikin ruwa, in ba haka ba cikin 'yan watanni zaku sayi sabon shuka.
Acorus hatsi ne. Na ado, tsari mara nauyi. Tsawon daji bai wuce cm 15. Yana da ikon yin tushe a cikin tukwane tare da iyakancewar ruwa kamar yadda ake shuka gidan. Inflorescences ba saki, an yada shi kawai ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. Masu shayarwa suna shayar da nau'ikan iri daban-daban dangane da hatsi na acorus:
- taguwar (albovariegatus) yana da farin ratsi a gefen gefan;
- aureovariegatus - wanda aka kwatanta da rawaya mai haske rawaya mai haske;
- Ogon - nau'in mara nauyi wanda ya fi dacewa da ratsi mai tsayi mai tsayi;
- farji - yana da mafi girman launuka, tsawonsa ba ya wuce 10 cm.
Acorus yaduwa
Tun da tsaba acorus da wuya ya yi yawa, ya kusan yiwuwa a yadu da shi ta zuriya a al'ada. Abu ne mai sauƙin ɗauka a cikin rhizome tare da tushen koda kuma canza shi zuwa sabon wuri. Delenki yi ƙoƙarin kada ku riƙe dogon lokaci a cikin iska kuma ku rufe kadan tare da ƙasa a cikin sabon wuri. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin kulawa. A cikin yanayi mai gamsarwa, shuka da sauri zai ɗauki tushe kuma ya fara girma.
Ana yin haifuwa da dasawa da tsire-tsire na manya a cikin bazara, kamar yadda ya cancanta. Kyakkyawan substrate zai zama abu mai ɗan acidic mai kama da ƙasa mai laima. Da kyau, idan zaku iya haɗu da kogin kogin, peat da yashi mara nauyi. Idan ƙwanƙwasa ba zai yiwu ba, an maye gurbinsa da turf ko hydroponics.
Dokokin Kulawa
Acorus ba shi da ma'ana sosai, ya isa ya zaɓi wurin da ya dace don lokacin farin ciki, kuma zai gamsar da masu mallakar lush, m ganye, waɗanda galibi ana nuna su a cikin hoton acorus. Sama ya fi son sanyi, wurare masu inuwa. Rana mai haske zata iya ƙone dumin ganye. Koyaya, a cikin ɗaki mai duhu sosai, ganyayyaki sun zama bakin ciki kuma suna buɗewa sosai. A wannan yanayin, fitila na musamman zai taimaka.
Yana da kyau a zabi wurin da yawan zafin iska bai wuce +22 ° C ba. A cikin hunturu, shuka yana jin daɗi yayin sanyi zuwa +15 ° C, amma ƙananan yanayin zafi ba zai haifar da mummunar lalacewa ba. Akwai lokuta lokacin da acorus ya sha wahala lokacin sanyi zuwa-35 ° C. Hakanan, kada ku damu da zane mai ƙarfi ko sanyaya dare.
Watering da bushes ya zama yalwatacce, ba kyale cikakken bushewa na kasar gona. A cikin yanayin zafi, sanyaya ƙasa a kullun. Hakanan ana son fin iska, idan ba haka ba ganye zasu fara bushewa. A ɗaka, zai fi kyau mu guji kusancin matattarar dumama. Aquariums zai zama mafi kyawun wuri don calamus. Vapors ba zai ƙyale ganyen ya bushe ba.
Don kada acorus ya ɗauka duk sararin samaniya kyauta a cikin akwatin kifin, yana buƙatar ciyar da shi sosai. Amma gaba daya watsi da takin mai magani ba da shawarar ba. Sau ɗaya a kowane watanni na 1-1.5, ana amfani da wani yanki na takin mai ma'adinai.
Tura wannan ganye ba ya buƙata. An bada shawara don cire ganye mai bushewa lokaci-lokaci, zaku iya shafa ganyen tare da soso dattin don cire ƙura.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
Babban matsalar acorus shine rashin ruwa ko busasshiyar iska. A wannan yanayin, ganye suna fara launin ruwan kasa a ƙarshen kuma a hankali bushe. Hakanan, hasken rana kai tsaye na iya haifar da ƙonewa.
Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya samun karamin cobweb akan shuka. Wannan yana nuna kamuwa da cuta tare da mite gizo-gizo. Idan an gano matsala, nan da nan ku bi daji tare da shiri na musamman don kada kwari su lalata acorus ɗin gaba ɗaya.
Aikace-aikacen
Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure don tsara abubuwan haɗuwa na ruwa ko kuma yin kwalliyar tafkunan hawan ruwa. Kuna iya amfani da bunches shuka don yin ado baranda. Acorus yana buƙatar sabuntawa akai-akai. A cikin 'yan watanni, ganyen ya bushe gaba ɗaya ko ya bushe. Sabbin harbe-harben suna fitowa daga budar basal da kuma sake zagayowar rayuwar.
Baya ga halaye na ado, Acorus ya warkar da kaddarorin. Tushen sa ya daɗe da amfani da jijiyoyin Indiya. Daga baya, an tabbatar da kaddarorin warkarwa a Yammacin Turai. Decoction daga tushen calamus yana taimaka rabu da ciwon ciki da raunin narkewa. Calamus tincture yana da tasiri mai ƙarfafawa. Wasu lokuta ana amfani dashi don magance jima'i da wasu cututtuka.
Lokacin yankan sabon tushe, zaku iya jin ƙanshi mai daɗi, don haka tushen tsiron ya shahara a masana'antar ƙanshin turare da kayan kwalliya. A cikin abincin abinci na gabas, ana amfani da busasshen tushe da ƙasa azaman ƙari ga abincin abinci da kayan dafa abinci.
