Melaleuka, wanda kuma ake kira itacen shayi, ƙaramin itace ne ko ƙaunataccen daji tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi. M greenery da haske inflorescences sa shuka sosai m ga lambu. Melaleuka ya yadu a cikin fadada na yankin na Ostiraliya da Burtaniya, kuma cikin yanayi mai tsauri ana samun nasarar girma a matsayin babban tsire-tsire na cikin gida da na lambun.
Bayanin Shuka
Melaleuka mallakar babban tsirrai ne na tsirrai a dangin Myrtle. Bushesaramin bushes ko bishiyoyi masu tsayi suna da ƙanshi, ƙanshi mai daɗi. Matsakaicin tsayi na bishiyoyi ya kai m 25. Rhizome na shuka yana da halayyar alama. An rufe akwati da reshe tare da launin ruwan kasa mai bakin ciki ko haushi mai kauri. An lalace cikin sauƙi kuma yana zubewa, yana buɗe ɗakunan suturar takarda a takarda.
Ganyayyaki na petiole na yau da kullun suna da kunkuntar lanceolate da launi mai launi mai haske. Tsawon ganyen zai iya kaiwa 12 cm, kuma faɗin ba ya wuce 5 mm. Daga nesa, waɗannan ƙananan kunkuntun, ganyen ganye suna kama da allurai. Tare da gefen farantin ganye akwai ƙananan gland wanda yake ɓoye mahimmancin mai. Melaleuka man yana da ƙwayar cuta mai magana da ƙwaƙwalwa. Ana amfani dashi sosai a magani da kuma maganin kwaskwarima.
Flowersanan furanni suna tarawa a babban inflorescence na fili ko m. Rawaya, cream ko fure mai ruwan hoda tare da kunkuntar, dogayen fure daga nesa suna kama da buroshi ko buroshi. Inflorescences an kafa su a kan matasa harbe kuma suna iya canzawa tare da foliage. Inda furanni suka ƙare, reshe na iya ci gaba.
Kowane toho ya ƙunshi sepals biyar da tufts na stamens. Kwayar Sepals ta murƙushe kusan nan da nan, kuma dogo mai tsawo yana jan hankalin kwari, ƙananan tsuntsaye, har ma da jemagu. Melaleuka kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma.
Bayan furanni ya shuɗe, ƙaya mai ƙarfi tare da ƙananan ƙananan tsaba sun kasance a kan rassan. Suna zama a rufe sosai kuma baya faɗuwa koda bayan cikakkiyar balaga. Tsaba ta zama mai yiwuwa har zuwa wani dogon lokaci, amma galibi suna fadawa kasa kawai bayan mutuwar mahaifiyar.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
A yau, akwai nau'ikan melaleuka 240, wakilai masu zuwa suna yadu cikin al'ada:
Melaleuka itace fari-itace ko itacen kayuputovy. Itace tana da siffar itace mai tsayi (har zuwa 25 m) tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa. Sosai bakin ciki ana fentin cikin launin toka mai haske. Takaitaccen tsinkayen ganye yana rufe rassan kananan yara kuma an lullube su da farin silima na cylindrical inflorescences.
Melaleuka yana samar da itace mai kyau har zuwa m 8. Yana cikin wannan iri-iri ana samun mafi mahimmancin mai, don haka ake girma don dalilai na masana'antu. Thinan itace mai laushi, mai laushi ya rufe gangar jikin. A kan rassan matasa, an tattara ganye masu haske da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara.
Five-juyayi melaleuka yana da mafi girman zagaye-fure tare da embossed veins. Tsawon itacen ya girma shine 9-19 m. A ƙarshen rassan, muryoyin cylindrical farin ko inuwa m. Ana amfani da ganye don yin ado tituna, fenti jikin ruwa da magudanar marshes.
Melaleuka diosmifolia Ya dace da girma a gida. A shuka Forms a low daji tare da lafiya allura foliage. A lokacin bazara, inflorescences silili na fure mai fure.
Melaleuk Preuss wakiltar wani rauni harbe harben 1.5-10 m high, an rufe shi da manyan ganye tare da tsawon tsawon. Daga Mayu zuwa Satumba, shuka tana farantawa tare da kananan furanni na launi cream.
Flaxseed melaleuka siffa ɗan gajeren itace. Wasu ƙananan rassan suna rufe da wani fure mai launin toka-kore mai kama da ganyen flax. Tsawon kowane takarda shine 2-4.5 cm, kuma nisa shine 4 mm. A lokacin rani, farin Fluffy inflorescences har zuwa 4 cm tsawon Bloom a gefuna daga cikin rassan.
Melaleuk nesofila yana da nau'in ciyayi mai yada fure tare da fure mai kwari. Tsawon ganye yana da cm 2 kawai. A lokacin rani, an rufe tsire-tsire da yawa na inflorescences na sifa mai ɗumbin launuka masu ruwan hoda.
Melaleuka Arminalis (munduwa) girma a cikin siffar itaciya har sama da m 9. Dankin yana da kambi mai faɗi mai faɗi na duhu na allurar kore mai duhu. A kan rassan, an kafa inflorescences na jan launi ko inuwa mai ruwan hoda har zuwa 5 cm tsawo.
Melaleuka bracteata. Gangar jikin itacen har zuwa 9 m high an rufe shi da haushi mai kauri tare da kwance, ragargaza ragargaje. Ganyen ana fentin duhu kore tare da launin toka mai launin toka. Cylindrical inflorescences suna hade da fure mai tsami.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Sake bugun melaleuka na faruwa ne a sauƙaƙe ta zuriyarsu da hanyoyin ciyayi. Ana tattara tsaba bayan fure, tsage daga cikin akwatunan kuma adana su a cikin jakar takarda. Don mafi kyawun sakamako, ana bada shawara don sanya su a kan rigar nama na yini ɗaya. Don shuka, yi amfani da kwalaye masu fadi tare da haske, ƙasa mai dausayi. An shuka tsaba a cikin ramuka zuwa zurfin 2-4 cm. An rufe akwati tare da fim kuma an bar shi a cikin wurin dumi. Harbe yana fara bayyana bayan makonni 2-4. 'Ya'yan itace tare da ganye na ainihi 4 sun shiga cikin karamin tukwane na duniya don tsirrai.
Rooting cuttings ma sauki. Ya isa a yanke matasa harbe kusan 15 cm a cikin bazara ko farkon lokacin bazara. Ana kula da rassan tare da tushen tushe kuma an dasa shi cikin ƙasa mai laima. An rufe saman itacen da gilashi.
Siffofin Kulawa
Melaleuka ya girma kamar tsire-tsire na cikin gida ko na lambu. Wasu nau'ikan za su iya yin tsayayya da sanyi zuwa ƙasa -7 ° C Dankin yana ƙaunar tsawon sa'o'i da hasken rana. A cikin dakin ya kamata a girgiza shi daga tsakar rana. A cikin lambun, ana iya dasa itaciya a wani fili, saboda kogunan iska mai kyau zasu kare ɗan itacen daga ƙonewa.
Daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba, ana bada shawarar adana kwafin cikin gida a baranda ko a gonar. Matsakaicin iska mai kyau ga tsire-tsire shine + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Don lokacin sanyi, yana da kyau don canja wurin melaleuka zuwa wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na + 7 ... + 9 ° C. Soilasar da ke kusa da gonar melaleuk don hunturu an mulched tare da ganye.
Melaleuka yana zaune kusa da gawarwakin ruwa, saboda haka yana buƙatar yawan amfani da ruwa sosai, koda yake, yalwar mustan ruwa dole ne ya kwarara cikin yardar rai kada tushen sa ya lalace. Man zaitun ne kaɗai za a iya bushewa. A cikin hunturu, ana iya rage yawan ruwa idan an rage zafin jiki na iska.
Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, sau biyu a wata, melaleuka yana buƙatar ciyar da shi. An ƙara hakar ma'adinai a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa daidai da umarnin. Kuna iya amfani da mahadi don tsire-tsire fure, myrtle ko bishiyoyi ornamental.
A shuka bukatar samar da zafi sosai. Tukwane a cikin hunturu ba da shawarar a barsu kusa da radiators. Anyi maraba da fesowar twigs da amfani da traya tare da daskararren yashi ko yumbu mai kauri.
Melaleuka yana girma da sauri, saboda haka dole ne a watsa shi sau da yawa. A kasan babban tukwane da zurfin tukwane suka sa magudanar ruwa da ƙasa mai laushi. Kuna iya amfani da abin da aka gama ko shirya cakuda da kanka daga abubuwan da aka haɗa:
- peat;
- kogin kogi;
- turf ƙasar.
Melaleuka yana buƙatar kwantar da kullun, in ba haka ba zai fara girma da shimfiɗa sosai. Ganyayyaki da furanni suna rufe harbe matasa kawai. Don pruning, ana amfani da shears tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Dankin yana yarda da tsarin kullun kuma yana baka damar ba da kanka mafi girman sifa.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Matsalar gama gari da melaleuka itace tushe. A farkon alamun lalacewar, yakamata a dasa tsiro, sai a yanke tushen da yake jujjuya shi kuma a magance shi da maganin antifungal. Ana maye gurbin ƙasa gaba daya kuma an rage raguwar ruwa. Don rama don rage rhizome, ana bada shawara don cire wani ɓangare na kambi.
Wani lokacin itaciyar shayi tana fama da mamayewar gizo-gizo. Wannan kankanin kwari na iya lalata shuka sosai. Lokacin da ƙananan ƙaramar rubutu da cobwebs suka bayyana a kan ganye, yakamata a bi da maganin kashe kwari nan da nan (Actelik, Masai, Akarin).
