Pandanus (Pandanus) ingantaccen shuka ne na dangin Pandanaceae. Kambinsa mai haske ya ƙunshi dogaye masu yawa, ganye mai sheƙi. An shirya su a helically game da tsakiya axis, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu shukar furanni ma suna kiran furen "fure dabino." Theasar Pandanus sune yankuna na Afirka, tsibirin Madagascar da kuma gandun daji na Polynesia. A cikin ƙasarmu, pandanus yana girma kamar fure mai fure. Don sauƙaƙe kulawa, ana iya ba da shawarar pandanus ga masoya furen fure.
Bayanin Botanical
Pandanus wani tsufa ne mai tsufa, a cikin yanayin halitta zai iya kaiwa fiye da 13 a tsayi. Gidan tsiro ba sa wuce mil 3 ba ga tsayi. M, Tushen m, shiga mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Abin lura ne cewa furen yana da ba kawai ƙasa ba, amma har da iska mai iska.
A saman duniya akwai ɗan gajeren wando mai santsi, an rufe shi da ɗanɗano mai ruwan haske. An ɓoye kusan gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ganyen sessile. An yi saman saman da kambi mai shimfiɗa na ganye da yawa masu launin bel. Suna girma tare da kara a karkace. Takardun ganye a gindi sun dace da juna. Ganyen yana da layin tsakiya da kuma launi mai haske mai haske. Tsawon farantin shine 60-120 cm, kuma faɗin faɗin 3-8 cm ne gajere amma ƙasasshen hancin da suke daure suna a ɓangarorin faifan, da kuma a tsakiyar jijiya. Suna girma a kusurwa zuwa gefen ganyen.
A cikin yanayin halitta, itacen dabino mai paganus yana samar da furanni duk shekara. A kan bishiya daya zaka iya samun inflorescences na maza a cikin hanyar kunne da mace conical-like fure. Sakamakon pollination, an kafa manyan fruitsablean abin ci, mai kama da abarba mai zagaye. Suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗin ɗanɗano kuma suna ɗauke da tsaba masu matsakaici. Alas, abu ne mai wuya a cimma Pandanus na cikin gida.
Nau'in Pandanus
Halittar pandanus yana da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 600, amma yawancinsu na iya rayuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin halitta. Daga cikin kwafin cikin gida, masu zuwa sune mafi mashahuri:
Pandanus Veitch. Wannan kullun yana da gangar jikin itace. Fromasa ta gangaro daga gare ta, kamar dai itace mai tushe, gaɓoɓinsu mai tushe Tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna girma a hankali, bayan shekaru goma a tsayi ba su wuce mita 1.5. Flix foliage ya yi daidai da tushe a gindi kuma ya yi rawa a matsayin fan. Tsawon farantin ganye shine 60-90 cm tare da faɗin 5-8 cm Akwai banbancen farin farashi akan fure mai haske a gefuna. A gefen gefenta suna cike da alamun haske launin ruwan kasa.
Pandanus yana da taimako. Gidan shuki wani itace ne mai yaduwa har ya kai m 3. Manya tsintsiya na iya reshe. An kawata saman tarkon tare da kambi mai ratsi-rake na ganyen ganye. Tsawon ganye shine 100-130 cm kuma faɗin nisan cm 5-10 ne. Foan ganye masu duhu suna da gefuna da keel.
Pandanus Sandera. Ganyayyaki mai santsi mai santsi suna da tsawo 80 cm da faɗin cm 5. Tsara ratsin rawaya da ruwan shuɗi masu launin launin shuɗi suna tare da gewayen ganye mai duhu.
Pandanus ya ɓoye. Daskararren ciyawa har zuwa 4 m high yana da tsattsauran tushe. Tushenta yana sama saboda asalin tushen iska. Kambi yana da sifar pyramidal kuma ya ƙunshi ganye madaidaiciya madaidaiciya na launi suttura.
Baya ga manyan nau'in, akwai nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa, wanda ke ba ka damar zaɓar pandanus tare da bayyanar mai ban sha'awa.
Itace dabino a gida
Wasu yan lambu suna sane da fara pandanus a gida. Dalilin haka shine camfi mara gaskiya. Sun ce tare da ƙayarsa yana jan hankalin mara ƙarfi. Koyaya, ko da masu bautar ayyukan ibada basu tabbatar da wannan sigar ba.
A gida, ana amfani da shuka kamar amfanin gona, da kuma na kwanduna na saƙa. Ta hanyar cin ganyen Pandanus, yan gari suna kawar da ciwon hakori. Thowanin ƙaho shine kawai dalilin damuwa, saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar sanya itacen dabino a cikin wurin da zai isa ga yara.
Kiwo
Furen Pandanus na iya yaduwa ta iri da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Tsarin shuka zai yiwu ne kawai a cikin daji, kamar yadda ake shuka tsaba tare da ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara nan da nan bayan an farfado.
A gida, ana iya samun sabon shuka daga hanyoyin a kaikaice (yara) ko kuma rarraba daji. A tushe daga tushe tsakanin tushen m, ƙananan harbe suna bayyana kusan duk tsawon lokacin. Suna da asalinsu da kuma ganyen ganye. Lokacin da tsari ya kai tsawo na 18-20 cm, an rarrabe shi da takobi mai kaifi. Kafe seedlings a cikin m yashi da peat ƙasa. Bayan makonni 1-2, sai tsiron ya daidaita kuma ya fara girma.
Wasu nau'in pandanus basa barin yara, saboda haka ana yadu dasu ta hanyar rarraba daji. Wajibi ne a yanke wani bangare na ganyen ganye tare da tushen asalinsu. Wurin da aka yanka an yayyafa shi da murhun gawayi da bushe a cikin iska yayin rana. Tushen daskararre a cikin yashi peat ƙasa tare da ƙari na gansaket ɗin sphagnum. Ya kamata a rufe lingsalingsan tsaran kuma a sanya su cikin wani ɗaki mai cike da hasken zafin jiki na + 24 ... + 28 ° C. Kowace rana ana fitar da iskar gas da danshi. Rooting yana ƙare a makonni 4-7.
Kula da tsiro
Ka'idoji don kulawa da pandanus a gida mai sauki ne. Ko da abun cikin nesa ba kusa ba ne, inji yana da kyau kuma yana girma da girma. Koyaya, bazai bambanta da kyau ta musamman da manyan ganye ba. Don cimma nasarar kambi mai shimfiɗa, ya kamata ku bi ka'idodi kaɗan kaɗan.
Pandanus yana buƙatar dogon hasken rana da haske mai haske, yana iya jure hasken rana kai tsaye. Matsakaicin wurin zai zama windows windows ko yamma. Tare da rashin haske, cikin ganyayyaki rasa su elasticity kuma fara droop more, a cikin siffofin variegated, mai haske launi bace. A cikin hunturu, tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana, ya kamata a yi amfani da hasken rana mai haske don awoyi 6-8.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na tsire-tsire mai girma shine + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Sanyaya a ƙasa + 15 ° C yana yin muni a gare shi. Don bazara, yana da kyau a ɗauki furen pandanus zuwa iska mai kyau, amma, ana buƙatar kariyar iska daga iska mai ƙarfi da iska mai sanyi. Itace dabino baya buƙatar raguwar wucin gadi a cikin hunturu.
Pandan ba a san hawa ba ko iska. Yana amsawa da kyau ga shafaffen ganye daga ƙura da fesawa na lokaci-lokaci. Kula da dabino yakamata a kiyaye domin kada ayi rauni a kan tayoyi masu kaifi. A lokacin da spraying ko wanka, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa danshi ba ya yin dattako a cikin axils na ganye, in ba haka ba rot zai ci gaba.
Pandanus yana buƙatar wadataccen ruwa da yawa, duk da haka, tsakanin ban ruwa, ƙasa ya kamata ya bushe da rabi. Ruwa don ban ruwa yana ɗaukar tsarkakakke kuma dan kadan acidified. Zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon + 25 ... + 30 ° C. Tare da sanyaya, ana rage ruwa. Ya kamata ku mai da hankali ga yanayin ƙasa.
A watan Maris-Oktoba, ana shuka tsiro da ƙwayoyin ma'adinai na ruwa don tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa. Ana amfani da suturar sama da ƙasa sau biyu a wata. Ya kamata a tsabtace su da ruwa domin kada su ƙona ƙwayoyin rhizome.
Palma pandanus yana da kyakkyawan rigakafi ga cututtuka da cututtukan fata. A cikin lokuta mafi wuya, ana iya samo scabies ko tsutsotsi akan tsirrai. Magungunan kwari masu tasiri (Actara, Karbofos) suna taimakawa da sauri don magance kwari.
Juyawa
Zai yi wuya a hango kulawar da ta dace don pandanus ba tare da juyawa ta yau da kullun ba. A gida, ana yin ta ne sau da yawa, tunda sararin samaniyar da tushen daskararru suna da rauni sosai. An dasa shuka lokacin da Tushen ya rufe murfin dunƙule gaba ɗaya. An zaɓi tukunya mai zurfi, 'yan santimita kaɗan fiye da na baya. Tsarin lambatu yakamata ya zama kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na tanki. Soilasa don pandanus ya kamata ya zama haske kuma yana da ɗan ɗanɗano acid ɗin. Ya ƙunshi:
- itacen katako;
- humus;
- ƙasa mai narkewa;
- kogin yashi.
Juyin jiki ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar jingina. Karka zurfafa zurfin dabino. Tushen sararin sama ya kamata ya zauna a farfajiya. Dole ne a kula da kar a karya su.
