Yadda ake bunƙasa currants: bambancin nau'in halitta da kuma mahimmancin fasaha na aikin gona

Yanzu yana da wuya a yi tunanin wata gonar da ba za a sami busheshen currant ba. Saplings na wannan al'ada, masu yaduwa a cikin ƙasarmu, suna da sauƙin saya, kuma farashinsu yana da ƙasa. Sabili da haka, ba za a iya dasa currants kawai a kan shafin ba, har ma ƙirƙirar tarin nau'ikansa. Kulawa da kowane nau'in currant ya ƙunshi bin ka'idodi na asali na fasaha na aikin gona. A lokaci guda, al'adu koyaushe suna ba da girbi na runduna.

Daga tarihin al'adu

Currant shine tsire-tsire mai ƙaunar danshi, a cikin yanayi na dabi'a yana zaɓar gandun daji mai laushi, gangararen kogi, tabkuna da wuraren ɓarna. Mahalli shine Eurasia, Arewacin Amurka.

Helenawa da Romawa ba su san nau'ikan da dandano na currants ba. Namijin daji ya girma a wannan lokacin a kan asashen Tsakiya da Yammacin Turai: ciyawar tana yarda da yanayin yanayi mai sanyin yanayi har ma da sanyi. Ba Ya son zafi, abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

A cikin karni na XV, an fara fara yin currant a cikin Faransanci, sannan a Jamus. Na farko jinsunan da Turawa suka haɗu da jan jini. Sun ja hankalin baƙar fata da ɗan lokaci kaɗan.

Currants bambanta jingina jita-jita na sufa a Rasha a cikin Tsakiya Tsakiya

Shaidar farko da aka rubuta game da wanzuwar currant a cikin Rasha ta zama tun daga tsararraki. Koyaya, a cikin garuruwan Kiev, an fara al'adu a karni na 11. Sufaye sun koma dazuzzuka daga kurmi kusa da shingen gidan sufi.

A cikin lambunan Pskov, Novgorod da matasa a wancan lokacin a Moscow, currants sun hadu. Tare da sauran tsire-tsire na berry, an canza shi daga gandun daji zuwa ƙasashe masu sarauta.

An rufe kofofin kogin da dutsen Moscow ya kasance a ciki a ciki. A wannan batun, kogin ana kiranta Smorodinovka (yanzu Kogin Moscow).

A karni na XVIII, currants (musamman baƙar fata - Ribes nigrum) ya sami daraja ta musamman tsakanin masu noman fruitan gida. Kuma a yanzu, al'ada ta rasa shahararta. Currant plantations ana maye gurbinsu da sauran Berry bushes.

Currant jinsin

Tsarin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan currants 190. Babban amfani ga lambu su ne:

• baki currant. An rarraba shi a tsakiyar Rasha da Siberiya, a Turai, Mongolia, Kazakhstan da Arewacin Amurka. A tsayi, daji ya girma zuwa 1-2. Rassayen matasa suna kore, tsoho - launin ruwan kasa. Ganyayyaki masu launin Currant suna elongated, tare da m kore da duhu saman, mai wuta da ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa. A cikin goge launi ya tattara furanni 5-10. Blackcurrant blooms a watan Mayu - farkon Yuni. Yana bayar da 'ya'yan itatuwa daga Yuli zuwa Agusta (wanda aka ƙaddara shi da yawa). Berriesanƙar fata mai launin fata na wannan nau'in currant ya kai girma masu girma (kimanin 1 cm a diamita), suna da ɗanɗano tart da dandano mai tsami da kuma ƙanshin haushi mai ƙamshi;
• ja currant (Ribes rubrum) ana samunsa a cikin gandun daji na Rasha, Asiya, Turai, inda ya girma a cikin nau'i mai kauri tare da gangaren rami. Harbe a wani daji na yashi ko launin toka. A tsakiyar watan Mayu akwai lokacin furanni na irin wannan currant, a tsakiyar watan Yuni - lokaci na fruiting. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai haske mai haske na 0.8-1.1 cm a diamita suna da dandano mai ɗanɗano. An tattara su cikin gungu;
• farin currant (Ribes niveum). Mahalli shine Turai da Asiya. A cikin tsari, farin ya yi kama da ja. Matsakaicin tsayi daga daji shine 1.5 m. Yanayin furanni da isar 'ya'yan itace dangane da lokaci daidai suke da launin ja. Berries rawaya mai haske suna kan dogon bunch. Suna da kyau fiye da ja, tare da ɗan ɗimbin acidity;
• zinare na zinariya (Ribes aureum). Ana samo shi a cikin daji a Kanada, Mexico da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Ana goge shayarwa a Arewacin Amurka, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Turai. A cikin ƙasarmu, yana girma a cikin gidajen Aljannar Altai, ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, Caucasus, Gabas mai nisa. Tsawon daji na wannan nau'in currant shine 2-2.5 m. Ba a raunana shi ba, tare da rassa masu launin ja ko tare da ƙarancin haske. Girman ganye: 5x6 cm. Tare da zuwa lokacin kaka, furen ya zama mai haske - lemo-ja, a watan Satumba ya zama ja ya riƙa kasancewa mai launin fata har zuwa hunturu. Blooms a ƙarshen bazara na makonni 3. Furanni suna da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi - saboda wannan, currant ya sami suna. A farkon Yuli, berries (0.6-0.8 cm a diamita) ya yi fure, yana da launin toka ko launin ruwan hoda-mai haske da ɗanɗano mai daɗi.

Hoton hoto: manyan nau'ikan currants

Baƙi da ja currants ana gane su ne da ake nema a cikin 'ya'yan itace girma da kuma mafi mashahuri. Bambancinsu:

• godiya ga mahimmin mai da ke kunshe cikin blackcurrant, dukkan ɓangarorin saman daji a cikin wannan al'ada suna da kamshi da ƙanshi. Red da wuya ya fitar da ƙanshi, yana da ɗanɗano kuma yana da adadin berriesari na berries;
• a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa baƙi, Vitamin C sau 4 fiye da ja;
• yaduwa a cikin jan currants yawanci ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar rarraba daji, yayin da baƙar fata currants ana buge da mafi yawan itace;
• ja ba shi da wata damuwa ga shayarwa, yana haƙuri da ranakun bushewa;
• ja currant yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga yawancin cututtuka da kwari, amma baƙar fata yana da ƙasa da wannan girmamawa;
• a wuri guda, jan currants na iya wuce kimanin shekaru 20. Haɓaka launin fata currant yana da iyakance ga shekaru 6-7 na rayuwa, bayan haka daji ya lalata halayensa.

Currants fasahar aikin gona

Mafi kyawun wurin akan wurin shine fili wanda yake da cikakken hasken rana a ko'ina cikin rana. A al'adar ji mai kyau a kan kowane haske da ƙasa m, musamman na son baki ƙasa loam.

Saukowa

Ana dasa currants a cikin ƙarshen kaka ko tare da zuwan bazara - kafin a buɗe furanni. Babban yanayin shine shirya ƙasa a gaba. Makonni 1-2 kafin dasa shuki, rami rami ko rami mai zurfi 40-50 cm kuma kowace kakar tare da takin zamani (6 kilogiram na taki ko takin, 20 g na superphosphate da sulfate), waɗanda ke hade sosai da ƙasa.

Zaka iya ƙara 0.5 l na itace ash a rijiyar.

A kan ƙasa na matsakaici abun da ke ciki, an dasa seedling tare da tushen tsarin zurfafa na cm cm 8. A kan ƙasa mai nauyi na yumbu, ba lallai ba ne don zurfafa tushen seedling.

Kafin dasa, ramuka suna dafe. An yanka 'yan ƙwaya, a ajiye 3-5 a kan reshe. Lokacin dasawa, shuka yakamata ya zauna a tsaye. Tushen an daidaita, an rufe shi da ƙasa, ana shayar da shi. Theasan da ta zaunar dashi an tattake ta, an rufe ta da mulch (ciyawa ko peat).

Selectedalingsan itace da aka zaba an zaba su kamar haka: don matakin farko na kasuwanci - kasancewar 2 ko fiye mai tushe tare da tsawon 40 cm, Tushen kwarangwal biyar na 20 cm tsayi; don daraja na biyu na kasuwanci - kasancewar 2 ko fiye mai tushe mai tsayi 30 cm da tushe uku 15 cm tsawo.

Don adana tsabtar har sai an dasa shuki ba tare da lalacewa ba, sai a tsugunna su a cikin daskararren masara sannan a rufe na ɗan lokaci. Chatterbox an shirya shi daga yumbu da mullein, wanda aka narkar da shi cikin ruwa zuwa jihar mau kirim da cakuda sosai. Lokacin adana seedlings, yana da mahimmanci don hana bushewa daga tushen.

Tsarin ƙasa

Lokacin da kiwo currants, ko dai guda tsari na bushes ko jere guda ake amfani. A lokaci guda, sarari jere mafi kyau shine 2.5-3 m, kuma tsakanin bushes a jere - 0.6 m.

Manyan miya

Kowane irin currant yana amsawa ga takin da aka shafa. Idan ƙasa a cikin rami ya kasance takin sosai, to, a cikin shekaru 2-3 na gaba na ciyayi na daji, ba a amfani da kayan miya ba. Ya isa a ƙarshen kaka don rufe ciyawa a yankin muhimmi, wanda aka shimfiɗa a bazara.

Bayan shekaru 2-3, kan aiwatar da tono na kaka, takin bushe-phosphorus bushe (30 g a kowane daji) ya fara ƙara ƙasa. An gabatar da Ammonium nitrate ko urea a farkon bazara - a cikin hanyar bayani ko warwatse kai tsaye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara (25 g a kowace shuka).

A cikin lokacin furanni, an fi dacewa da sutturar gargaji don bushes: tsinkayen tsuntsu (diluted 1:15 da ruwa) ko mullein (1:10). A cikin lokaci na fruiting, nan da nan bayan fure, ana fesa bushes tare da zinc sulfate a cikin ruwa ko tare da Zavyaz.

A lokacin rani, a karkashin daji currant za ka iya sa sako na ciyawa daga gangara. Suna tsallaka kuma suna zama ingantaccen taki.

Mai jan tsami

Nan da nan bayan dasa, ana yin abin farko na bushes. An ba da shawarar a rage dukkan harbe, yana barin 5 cm daga farfajiyar ƙasa. A cikin farkon shekarar girbi, ba za a sami rassa ba, amma ƙaramin matasa masu ƙarfi da tsarin tushe za su ci gaba. Prunarancin pruning na farko ya kamata ya tayar da ci gaban 3-4 mai ƙarfi mai tushe har zuwa tsawon 0.5 m.

A kan aiwatar da rejuvenating daji, currants cire harbe girma fiye da shekaru 4

Rejuvenating pruning daji

Babban burin sake inganta rayuwar shi shine ta da sabunta daji, ci gaban samarin da zasuyi 'ya'ya a kakar mai zuwa. Hanya mafi sauki don zamu iya juya girke girke-girke na nowers na nowers: a shekara a cire daya bisa hudu na rassan daji. Don yin wannan, da hankali raba daji zuwa sassa 4, wanda za'a cire ɗayan. Ta wannan hanyar, ba za a sami harbe harbe fiye da shekaru 4 da haihuwa ba. Dried, tsumburai da kuma rassan da abin ya shafa suna ƙarƙashin cirewar m.

Hanyar mafi rikitarwa don sake farfado da daji ya ƙunshi cire rassan:

• kwance a ƙasa;
• an yi shi a cikin daji;
• rauni;
• bakarare (babban amfanin gona na currant balaga a kan shekaru 2-3 shekara);
• rauni girma na yanzu shekara.

A ƙarshen tsarin maimaitawa, datsa tukwici na harbe da aka adana don 'ya'yan itace (ba "zeroing") zuwa wurin da itacen ke cikakke sosai. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar harbe da manyan 'ya'yan itace.

Hanyar don sake farfado da daji, babban burinta shine yiwuwar samun 'yanci (ba tare da tsangwama ba) ci gaban abin da ake kira harbe baƙi, tashi daga tushen ƙasa.

Bidiyo: girki da kuma sabuntar da currant daji

Jiyya na currants daga cututtuka da kwari

Ko da bin duk dokokin fasahar aikin gona na currants baya bada garantin kare daji daga kwari da cutarwa. Currant bushes sukan farmaki da kwari - guzberi sarewa, aphid, currant gilashin-abun yanka, sawfly, toho mite. Powdery mildew, cututtukan anthracnose ba a cire su. Dukkanin hanyoyin da aka sani - daga mutane zuwa yin amfani da shahararrun sinadarai. Bugu da kari, an yanke duk harbe da suka lalace a kan shuka. Dole ne a ƙone su. Yi shi a farkon bazara ko a ƙarshen lokacin bazara. Bayan an cire ganyen tare da pallet, ana haƙa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji.

Duk wani cuta na currant yana da sauƙin hanawa fiye da kawar da sakamakonsa. A saboda wannan, ana aiwatar da matakan kariya da yawa. Musamman, shayar da currants da ruwan zãfi ana ɗauka ɗayan ingantattun matakan don rigakafin cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. Ana shawarar yin aikin kafin murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya shuɗe gabaɗaya. Ana yayyafa bushes ɗin da ruwan zãfi daga ruwan sha, ba kawai sassan tsire-tsire ba ne, har ma da ƙasa. Ruwan zãfi, dumama kasar gona, da gaske yana shafar farkar da kodan, yana ƙaruwa da rigakafin shuka.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Ana ciyar da currants ta hanyoyi da yawa.

Maimaitawa

Yaduwa ta hanyar kwance kwance a fili shine hanyar da ake amfani da ita akai-akai. Kowace hanya ta ƙunshi yin amfani da karfi da lafiya mai lafiya currant bushes kamar yadda na haihuwa. Amfanin wannan zabin shine cewa harbe suna da tushe cikin sauki tare da karancin kokarin mai garkar, kuma uwar itaciyar ba ta sami matsananciyar damuwa.

Don yaɗa currants ta hanyar layer, ɗayan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara an dage farawa a cikin maɓuɓɓugar kuma an makala shi

An girbe shimfidar kwance a farkon bazara ko farkon faɗuwar rana.

1. Furrows na 10-15 cm mai zurfi ana yin shi kusa da daji.
2. Sun sa matashin kai mai laushi na yashi, peat, humus, takin.
3. Don haɓakar keɓaɓɓen filayen, an zaɓi harbe shekara mai ƙarfi ko shekaru 2-3 tare da haɓaka. An saka su cikin tsummoki kuma an haɗa su da faifai.
4. A kan lay, rassa daga furen da aka farka zasu yi toho. Lokacin da suka kai tsayin 10 cm an yayyafa su, suna ɓoye zanen gado 1-2.
5. Bayan makonni 2-3 a cikin bazara, ana sake aiwatar da aikin tsaunin dutse. Idan wannan ya faru a cikin fall, an katse harbe daga cikin igiyar ciki tare da matsar da su zuwa wurin haɓakarsu na dindindin.

Yankan

Yanke currants ya dace lokacin da an riga an sami ingantaccen iri iri akan shafin da kake son yada shi. Zai fi dacewa da girbi a farkon bazara kan aiwatar da girbin bazara na daji.

1. Yankan an girbe su daga cikakke mai daɗaɗɗa, kauri wanda ba ya ƙarancin mm 6, kuma tsawonsa ya kai santimita 15-20.
2. Kafin dasa shuki, shi, tare da ganyen da aka adana, an yayyafa shi cikin tsararren aiki mai aiki tare da Epin, Novosil, Kornevin, ruwan 'ya'yan aloe.
3. An dasa yankan a wani kusurwa, suna rage ƙarancin 3-4 cm a cikin ƙasa, ana kiyaye nisan 15-20 cm tsakanin .an itacen.
4. Wani ɓangare na rike da 2 buds an bar kyauta, kasan ya kamata ya kasance kusa da kusancin saman ƙasa.
5. Domin tsarin tushe don ci gaba yadda yakamata, dole ne a kiyaye daɗin danshi a cikin ƙasa. Don wannan, ƙasa tana mulched da 3 cm takin ƙasa.

Don mafi kyawun tushen samuwar, maƙallan hanun suna taɓaɓɓu tare da tushen haɓakar mai haɓaka.

Rarraba daji

Sake bugun daji ta rarrabuwa yawanci ana amfani dashi a lokuta na gaggawa dasawa da kyawawan iri zuwa wani wuri ko kuma tare da rashin kayan dasa. Babban fa'idar wannan hanyar ita ce rayuwa cikin sauri na sabon dajin da aka dasa ba tare da wahala ba.

Ta hanyar rarraba daji, nau'ikan nau'ikan currants ana bred

Kwarewar hanyar:

1. A ƙarshen Satumba kuma kafin farkon Oktoba ko farkon lokacin bazara, an cire sashi mai mahimmanci na daji ko daji a cikin ƙasa ba tare da lalata tushen ba.
2. Ta hanyar hanyar sirri ko kuma gonar tsiro, ana cire duk tsoffin harbe, kuma an gajarta matasa zuwa 30 cm.
3. Tare da kaifi mai kaifi, an raba daji zuwa sassa 3-4. Muhimmiyar buƙata ita ce kasancewa a wannan ɓangaren shuka da aka yi niyya don dasa, budsan ganyayyaki da bayyane da kuma tsarin tushen tushen lafiya.
4. A cikin ramin (50x60 cm), hadu tare da mullein mai narkewa, runtse daji. Tushensa an rufe shi da ƙasa, an cika shi da yawa kuma ana shayar da shi sosai (bulo na ruwa 1.5 a ƙarƙashin shuka).

Yadda ake girma currants daga tsaba

Currants za a iya girma daga tsaba. Koyaya, bai kamata ku dogara da girbin farkon a wannan yanayin ba. A karo na farko, daji da aka shuka daga tsaba zai fara fitar da berries ne kawai a cikin shekaru 4-5th na rayuwa. Amma har ma a nan kamawa zai iya jira - ana iya bambanta da berries daga waɗancan daga inda aka ɗauki tsaba. Dabarar tana da sauki. An yanke 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke, suna durƙushewa, a hankali ana wanke su, a ɗanɗana.

Yana halatta a farkon bushe berries a cikin kayan bushewa na kayan lambu na musamman, bayan wannan ya rigaya ya yiwu a sami tsaba daga gare su.

Bugu da ari, yana da kyawawa don stratify da tsaba. A karkashin yanayin halitta, wannan tsari yana kama da halin da ake ciki lokacin da berries da suka faɗo daga rassa suna ciyar da hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.

Madaidaici - ajiye tsaba na albarkatu daban-daban a yanayin zafi kadan zuwa 70 ^{game da}C don inganta haɓakar su. Don yin wannan, an sanya tsaba a cikin matattakakken nama ko ƙasa.

Ana amfani da tsaba currant ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ana shuka su a cikin bazara (hanyar tana kama da kayan lambu mai girma) don samo tsirarwa, sanya shi a cikin cellar mai sanyi don ajiya har sai lokacin bazara, ko kuma an shuka shi nan da nan a cikin hunturu a cikin maɓuɓɓug ɗin maɓuɓɓug.

Girma currants a kara

Matsakaicin narkar da currants a cikin lambunanmu ba yaɗu sosai.Koyaya, wannan hanyar al'adun kiwo yana da fa'idodi masu yawa:

• rassan fruiting tare da tassels na Berry ba su taɓa ƙasa ba, wanda ke inganta ingancin amfanin gona;
• kowane reshe yana karɓar isasshen haske, wanda kuma yana dacewa da fruiting;
• daji ba shi da saukin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar kwari;
• ɗaukar Berry yana da sauƙi, haka kuma kulawa da daji;
• m tsire-tsire suna ba da damar ceton shafin;
• kula da da'irar kusa-akwati an sauƙaƙe sosai;
• daidaitaccen daji ya wuce na talakawa a cikin kyawawan halaye na ado.

Don ƙirƙirar tsari na daji, za a iya amfani da hanyoyi biyu:

• zane kan stock a kan scion;
• halittar tushen jijiya.

Hanya ta farko ta dace da waɗancan groa fruityan itãcen marmari waɗanda suka kware sosai a cikin lambun "tiyata", na biyu ana iya ƙwarewa har ma da farawar lambu.

Za'a iya ƙirƙirar ɗayan abu duka daga daidaitaccen currant

Lamburan ra'ayoyi

Me zan iya fada don currants: Ina da bushes guda biyar. Na tattara wani wuri bulo biyu. Rubbed da gaji na dogon lokaci, cire giya daga shi kuma daskarewa kilogram 3-4. Na yanke bushes ba tausayi, barin kawai rassan biennial. Sau da yawa a lokacin bazara, daidaita al'ada girma, barin 3-4 harbe. Babban yanki na da'irar akwati ne koyaushe a ƙarƙashin ciyawa. Ban damu sosai ba - a cikin kaka Na shuka tare da fiɗa, a lokacin rani tare da ciyawa da ciyawa, a cikin bazara na faɗi barci tare da bushewar dankalin turawa. Ina ruwa a lokacin da bayan fure sosai da kuma wani lokaci a lokacin zuba berries. Iri daban-daban, wasu marasa fahimta, sun kasance daga masu mallakar da suka gabata, amma ina matuƙar farin ciki da girbin. Ognevki karami ne, azaba kawai a lokacin bazara. Ban ga shari'ar gilashin ba har tsawon shekaru biyar. Kashin koda shima bebaye bane.

Amnezia

//dachniiotvet.galaktikalife.ru/viewtopic.php?t=567

Sayi Carbon Cariki na Magic. Kuma a kowace shekara 3 buckets na taki kamar ciyawa. A ƙarshen kaka ko farkon bazara, yayyafa urea tare da 500 g da lita 10. Berry yana da kwazazzabo. Kuma akwai iri-iri na Gulliver. A iri-iri ne gaba daya resistant zuwa powdery mildew, anthracnose, tsatsa, da kuma koda mites.

mopsdad1

//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=874.120

Classic Mun dasa shi a hankali, mun yanke shi zuwa 3 buds, by kaka 3 rassan girma zuwa 70 cm high. Next shekara farkon spring, wadannan rassan an yanka ga sifili. M babu 'ya'yan itace buds a harbe na shekara-shekara, barin su zai tsoma baki tare da ci gaban matasa. A ƙarshen Mayu, harbe harbe sun bayyana daga ɓangaren ɓoye na daji, akwai yawancin su, har zuwa 30 inji mai kwakwalwa. Dole ne mu samar da daidai. Zai fi dacewa, a alamance yakamata ya wakilci siffar daji. Wannan murabba'i ne, a kowane gefen akwai harbe 3. Dama 3, hagu 3, gaba 2, baya 2, jimlar 10. Tsakanin harbe 7-10 cm. A farkon watan Agusta, yanke saman a kan harbe, girma yana raguwa, budsan itacen fruita fruitan itace suka tashi akan harbe. Shekaru 3, matasa a cikin matsanancin lokaci ana cire su. Daga shekaru 4, muna barin 2-3 na matasa, suna da kyau, don maye gurbin wanda ya fashe, tare da gilashi. Daga shekaru 6-7 riga matsalar shine samun samari na shekara daya. Don motsa harbe na sabuntawa a cikin fall, muna yanke tsoffin rassan 3-4. Abu ne mai sauki ka gane su - su baki ne.

Maev_611

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/399518/

Yawanci, currants suna girma ta hanyar lambu mai son don bukatun mutum. Koyaya, a kasuwa bukatar wannan bishiyar ta kasance koyaushe, yana kuma kasance cikin kakar. La'akari da cewa amfanin gona, har ma da takaitaccen lura da fasaha na aikin gona, currants suna a matakin da ya dace, bayyanar ban sha'awa ga harkan kasuwanci na lambu ba kasuwanci ba.