Idared apples sun karu da shahararrunsu saboda kyakkyawar kayan da kuma dandano.
Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin iri mafi kyau ga yankunan Southern, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da bayanin da hoto na itacen apple Idared.
Wane irin ne?
Idared apples nuna zuwa hunturu ko marigayi hunturu iri-iri.
'Ya'yan itãcen itatuwan apple sun soma a farkon rabin Oktoba kuma kada su yi crumble kafin farkon sanyi.
Tare da ajiya mai kyau, apples of winter hunturu suna iya adana su dandano halaye na dogon lokaci.
Irin nauyin itatuwan apple iri-iri kamar sun hada da Antonovka Dessert, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Starkrimson da Kurnakovsky.
Bayyana iri-iri Idared
Hanyoyin waje na apple da 'ya'yan itace za a yi la'akari da su.
Balagagge apple itatuwa suna da kambi mai launi. Itacen itace ya kai mita 6, yana da karfi da manyan manyan rassan, wanda aka samo daga gangar jikin sama a wani kusurwa na 45 digiri.
Gashin itace yana da tsabta, launin toka-launin toka. Ganye yana da duhu kore, oblong tare da nuna kai tsaye.
Apple furanni Idared manyan, ruwan hoda, tattara a corymbose inflorescences. Flowering farawa da Shekaru shekaru 3-8Yana faruwa a Afrilu-Mayu.
'Ya'yan itatuwa Apple babban, lebur-zagaye. Suna da launi mai launin kore-launi tare da haske mai duhu, tare da waxy shafi. Jiki na 'ya'yan itace mai dadi, mai tsami, mai tsami, dandano yana da dadi da m.
Irin wannan nau'ikan suna iya faranta maka rai tare da dandano mai dadi: Orlovsky majalisa, Ekranny, Bolshaya Narodnoe, Orlinka da Aromatny.
Tarihin kiwo
Tada Idared ya bayyana a 1935 a Amurka, a cikin Idaho, godiya ga nasarar haɓakawa ta hanyar iri-iri Wagner kuma Jonathan.
Da yake kasancewar maganin cututtuka da dama, wannan nau'i-nau'i da sauri ya sami karfinta. Bayan an rarraba shi a kudancin Rasha, a karshen shekarun 60s iri-iri sun fara girma a Ukraine.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
A Rasha, noma na iri-iri yafi faruwa Yankin Krasnodar. Don wadannan dalilai, an rarraba manyan yankuna a nan.
To, ina kuma Idared yayi girma da itatuwan apple? Yankunan da aka ba da shawara sune Lower Volga kuma North Caucasus.
Apple Tree Idared ba ya jure wa frostssabili da haka ana bada shawarar ganyayyaki. kawai a wurare masu dumiinda zazzabi a hunturu ba ya fada a ƙasa ƙananan Digiri 20 digiri.
Idan kana buƙatar iri-iri iri-iri, ka kula da Late, Moscow, Friendship of Peoples, Oryol Polesye da Kvinti.
Yawo
Itacen apple ya fara kawo girbi daga shekara ta biyar ko na shida na rayuwa.
Yana da daraja daraja wannan girbi na yau da kullum. 'Ya'yan itãcen wannan iri-iri suna a rarraba tare da dukan tsayin rassan, yayin da ba a ɗauka ba.
A kan kolchatka har zuwa lokacin da aka cire 'ya'yan itacen ya sami ceto biyu zuwa uku 'ya'yan itatuwa.
A cikin shekarun girbi mai yawa, dukkanin rassan zasu iya bayyana akan rassan. garland apples, ƙananan kuma m haɗuwa.
Idared apples ripen a kaka: karshen Satumba - tsakiyar Oktoba.
A daidai wannan lokacin, farkon lokacin siya ya fara a Fabrairu.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin ajiya a cikin cellar har zuwa rabin shekara na iya ci gaba a cikakke yanayin.
A cikin yanayin ajiya a firiji, zasu iya jure har sai farkon lokacin rani.
Ana nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa da irin itatuwan apple, Pear Winter, 'Yar Melba, Antey, Shtripel da Aloe Vera.
Dasa da kulawa
Don apple Idared wajibi ne dasa bishiyoyin pollinators. A matsayin pollinator, kowane iri-iri da ke da alamu a lokaci guda zai yi. Misali, zasu iya zama Red Delicious ko Wagner.
Shirya shiri don saukowa fara a cikin 'yan watanni. Kafin dasa shukiyar itace, dole ne ka tono shi, bayan haka ragewa, don shawo kan weeds, to takinbayan haka sake maimaita.
Kamar yadda taki zai fi kyau peat, yashi, turf da dung ƙasa.
Peat kusan ba shine wakili na cututtukan cututtukan daban ba kuma yana da isasshen haɗari danshi abun cikiAbin da ya sa ya kamata a yi amfani dashi a matsayin taki.
Sand Ana amfani dashi kawai gauraye da peatdon yalwata ƙasa mai yumɓu mai nauyi. Mafi sau da yawa kai tsabta kogin yashi. Kasashen Dragon da ake kira saman Layer na ƙasa - ƙasa mai kyau. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da taki a matsayin taki ba, ya fi kyau amfani taki humus.
Bayan 'yan watanni fara shiri na rami don dasa. Wannan mataki ana dauke shi mafi muhimmanci saboda ramin zai kasance babban tushen kayan abinci don itacen apple.
Diamita Gilashin saukowa ya kasance a kusa 120 cmda ita zurfin - 60-80 cm. Nemi shi game da watanni biyu kafin saukowa apple itacen kanta.
Anyi wannan ne don duk takin mai magani wanda ya wajaba don cika rami yana da lokaci zuwa digir, da rami - don shirya.
Lokacin mafi kyau zuwa ƙasa An dauke itace kaka, lokacin daga marigayi Satumba zuwa farkon Oktoba. Baya ga wannan, ana iya dasa itatuwan apple a lokacin bazara, amma ba bayan watan Mayu ba.
Idan dasa shuki itacen apple yana faruwa a cikin bazara, to, seedlings Dole ne a shayar da shi na dogon lokacisabõda haka, suna da kyau acclimatized kuma ba shafa da zafi.
Don dasa shuki a cikin rami rami rami ne rami. An shigar da sapling a cikinta, ƙunƙashin wuyansa wanda ya kamata a lokaci ɗaya 3-5 cm sama da gefen rami.
Gaskiyar ita ce idan kun shuka zurfito, itace zai iya dakatar da girmazai sami kambi mara kyau, zai sha wahala daga cututtuka daban-daban. Idan ka shuka ma high, inji zai kasance rashin jurewa hunturu.
Yi hankali a tabbatar da cewa asalin shuka suna rarraba a cikin rami, to, ku zubar da shi a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin gyaran kuɗi, girgiza seedling daga lokaci zuwa lokaci domin a rarraba ƙasa a fili a cikin tushen.
Bayan da kuka cika ƙasa kusa da itacen apple, toshe ƙafar. Yi hankali kada ka tsaga tushen. Yanzu kusa da shuka kaddamar da ƙidayato abin da binds sapling.
A kusa da sabon shuka apple ne rami tare da kwane-kwane na rami. Ana shayar da shuka da bugun ruwa daya ko biyu don tabbatar da kyakkyawan haɗin ƙasa tare da tushen.
Don shekarar farko na dasa, ba a taɓa amfani da takin mai magani ba. Zaka iya yayyafa ƙasa a cikin seedling a cakuda ƙasa tare da peat ko humusdon rage ruwa daga cikin rami kuma hana yaduwar ƙasa.
Babban abu shinea lokacin ruwa itace cire weeds kuma sassauta ƙasa.
A ko'ina na farko shekaru uku An kawo rayuwar itacen apple a duniya nitrogen da takin mai magani. Ana yin wannan sau biyu a shekara - a cikin bazara da kaka. Ga waɗannan seedlings da suka riga suna da 'yan shekaru, da takin mai magani ana amfani da pristvolny Circles.
A cikin kaka Dole ne a ciyar da itacen bishiya tare da taki da ya ƙunshi potassium da nitrogen, da kuma musamman hadaddun taki (alal misali, ammophos ko nitrophoska). Har ila yau shawarar Sanya saplings da blue vitriolkafin bayar da kayan abinci. Wannan zai taimaka kare itatuwa daga yiwu 'ya'yan itace rot.
Bishiyoyi suna ciyarwa gishiri, urea, da kuma Ammonium sulphate. Rashin potassium a cikin ƙasa zai iya samun tasirin karfi akan 'ya'yan itace, wato, wane launi da girman da za su kasance.
Rashin nitrogen yana rinjayar tushen tushen bishiyar. Dukkanin takin mai magani ana sanya bayan dasa bishiyoyi, digging da mulching ƙasa. A farkon kowane bazara An ciyar da itacen apple potassium sulfate da urea.
Kowane itacen apple, kuma musamman idan muna magana game da kananan bishiyoyi, yana buƙatar watering, kuma dole ne a yi a lokaci.
Young apple itace wajibi ne ruwa game da sau 5 a lokacin daga bazara zuwa kaka, buckets na ruwa guda uku. Waɗannan itatuwan da ba su girma ba a farkon shekara, kana buƙatar ruwa Sau 3.
Na farko watering yana faruwa a lokacin da itacen apple ya fure, amma idan bazara ya zafi da m.
Na biyu da zarar an shayar da itace a lokacin da aka samu bishiyoyi da kananan apples. A wannan lokaci, itacen apple yana buƙatar ƙarin ingancin.
Na uku watering yana faruwa a lokacin da 'ya'yan itace ke tsiro zuwa matsakaicin matsakaici.
Zaka iya kallon bidiyon tare da tukwici game da yadda zaka zaba kuma dasa bishiyoyi masu yawa a cikin fall.
Yadda za a magance kwari?
Akwai karin kwari a itacen apple, sabili da haka mafi muhimmanci shi ne fara farawa tare da su lokacin da farkon lalacewar ya bayyana.
A ganyen bishiyoyi sukan kai hari apple aphid. Ta fara fara yada qwai a cikin kaka, kuma a cikin idon ruwa daga gare su larvae da ke cin abinci a kan bishiyoyi masu tsami. Don kawar da wannan kwaro, kuna buƙatar Shinge itace tare da shan jiki.
Ba a yi la'akari da rashin lafiya ba sucker. Irin wannan kwaro zai iya lalata buds daga itacen, kazalika da furen furen da asalinsu. Rasa qwai ciyar da hunturu a cikin gangara folds na rassan, a tushe na kodan.
A cikin lokacin bazara, lokacin da buds ke kara, farawa sun fara farawa, wanda ke hawa cikin kodan.
Don magance tumakin apple tare da farkon farkon marigayi, ko da kafin budding, ya kamata a yadu itace tare da shirye-shirye. nitrafen, olecouprat, kemiphos ko karbofos.
Don kawar da larvae a lokacin lokacin da buds ke kara, dole ne a aiwatar da itace. kwari.
Har ila yau hatsari ga itacen apple ja Tickwanda yake a kan ganyen itacen.
Yanke launi sun sa qwai a kan haushi kuma a karkashin haushi na harbe tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, kusa da ƙarshen rani.
A wannan lokaci musamman wajibi ne don yakar su: akwati itace a nannade da filastik kunsa, spatula ya cinye haushi tare da qwai.
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suke cikin ƙuƙuka na itace zasu ba da sababbin ƙuƙuwa tare da farkon lokacin bazara.
A wannan lokaci, ana buƙatar itatuwa. neoron. Don yin yakin lokacin kakar girma acaricides.
Babban haɗari ya zama Kodin codling. Da farko, irin wannan kwaro yana rinjayar 'ya'yan itacen apple.
Mutu yana yada qwai akan bishiyoyi da apples. Don magance shi mafi sau da yawa ana amfani Organophosphate kwari.
Apple sawfly wanda zai iya buga ovary daga cikin 'ya'yan itace, tare da sakamakon cewa apples ba su da lokaci zuwa ripen, sun fada kore. Ana biyan bishiyoyi da aka shirya tare da shirye-shirye na musamman, kamar su roger, chlorophos, karbofos da sauransu
Na farko magani faruwa a 'yan kwanaki kafin apple apple, a cikin ruwan hoda bud lokaci.
Na biyu jiyya, idan ya cancanta, an yi shi nan da nan bayan flowering.
Ba lallai ba ne don kewaye da hankali da irin wadannan kwari kamar 'ya'yan itace, moths, silkworms da haws.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau da dacewa da kyau, itacen bishiya zai girma sosai kuma zai yi farin ciki a kowace shekara tare da girbi mai yawa.
Saboda haka, 'ya'yan itatuwa da dama, irin na Idared, masu cin ganyayyaki na Amurka, ba tare da dalili ba.
Itacen itacen apple a kai a kai yana samar da amfanin gona, yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi da za a adana su na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace.
