Kolumneya wata itaciya ce mai cike da yaduwar furanni da fure mai haske. Don siffar toho, ana kiran columna "zinariyar zinari". Wannan tsire-tsire na 'yan asalin Latin Amurka ne, inda yake samar da kyawawan katako a cikin gandun daji mai zafi. Columnia nasa ne a cikin dangin Gesneriaceae kuma yana iya yin alfahari da halayyar rashin fassara.
Bayanin Shuka
Kolumneya ganye ne na zamani tare da tsarin tushen fibrous. A cikin yanayin halitta, columnae sune epiphytes ko semi-epiphytes kuma suna cikin jerin itacen haushi. Matasa harbe ana miƙa su zuwa sama, amma kamar yadda suke ƙaruwa a cikin girman, sun fara droop. Kurangar ingarma na wucin gadi na iya isa tsawon cm 7-10. An rufe su da yawa da ƙananan ganyen petiole. Kushin zuciya mai kamannin ciki ko mara nauyi yana da dunƙule mai laushi, gefuna mai laushi da faɗaka mai mahimmanci. Rassan da petioles sau da yawa suna da dimaitaccen farin ciki. Tsawon ganye shine 2-10 cm.
Yawo yana faruwa a cikin hunturu da farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin bazara ya zo a cikin hemisphere na kudu. Single tubular furanni girma a cikin ganye sinuses na tsakiyar ɓangare na shoot. An sanya furen su a ruwan hoda, terracotta, lemo ko rawaya. -An furanni biyu masu laushi suna kama da furanni orchid. Tsawonsu zai iya kaiwa zuwa cm 4 cm.
Iri da nau'ikan columnaea
Fiye da nau'ikan 190 sun yi rikodin a cikin columnaeus. Yawancinsu suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin halitta. Wadannan nau'ikan da suka dace sun dace da namo na cikin gida:
Carnival na Columnia. An dasa tsiron tare da kananan ganye mai haske mai duhu duhu launi. A lokacin furanni, an kulle gonakin inabin da yalwar furanni masu launin shuɗi tare da jan iyaka akan filayen.
Kolumney Allen. Wannan tsire-tsire na herbaceous da sauri yana girma harbe har zuwa tsawon 7. Dogon kore lanceolate ganye an shirya cikin nau'i-nau'i akan rassan. Furanni masu haske ja.
Kolumneya Krakatau. Tushen wannan nau'in ampelous ana ɗaukaka shi daga tushe. An rufe su da yawa, ƙananan ganye na bakin ciki mai duhu koren launi. Ana fentin furanni masu matsakaici a cikin sautunan launin ja-orange.
Kolumneya jini ja. Siffar artisanal na kusa-da-kullun tana da karen inuwa da manyan ganye. Akwai tabewar ja a bayan ganye. Ana tattara furannin Scarlet a cikin ƙananan inflorescences kuma suna cikin axils na ganye.
Bankunan Columnae. Harbe har zuwa 1 m tsawon an rufe da kananan m ganye na haske koren launi. A tsakãninsu, a lokacin furanni, kyawawan furanni masu ruwan shuɗi-orange suna fure har zuwa 6 cm tsayi.
Columnia yana da daraja. Ana rufe harbe da fleshy, ganyayyaki mai duhu na launi mai duhu. A saman su akwai manyan fure-mai fure-fure.
Kolumney Shida. A shuka kunshi fleshy, m vines tare da kadan m pubescence. Har ila yau, jan villi yana rufe bayan kyawawan ganye kore. Tsawon harbe a cikin al'ada shine 1.5 m, ganye kuma su ne cm 10. Furen an kafa furanni tare da tsawon itacen itacen kuma ana fentin rawaya.
Kiwo
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yaduwar columnae a gida ita ce tushen itacen. A watan Fabrairu ko farkon Maris, suna yanke daga firam na harbe. Tsawon rikewar yakamata ya zama akalla 5-6 cm, ya zama dole a bar ganyen 4-6 akan sa. Rooting ne yake aikata a cikin cakuda cakuda lambun gona da peat.
Ana sa lingsanyen a cikin wuri mai haske a zazzabi na + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Suna buƙatar matsakaici na yau da kullun. Lokacin da aka kafa tushen matasa da sabon ganye na ganye, tsiron za a iya dasa shi zuwa kananan tukwane a cikin dindindin.
Yaduwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta Kolumna babban aiki ne mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ba koyaushe yake ƙare da nasara ba. Experiencedwararrun ƙwararrun fure ne kawai zasu iya yanke shawara akan irin wannan matakin. Ya kamata a shuka hatsi a cikin greenhouse a cikin cakuda yashi-peat. A ƙarshen Fabrairu, an sanya su a farfajiya na ƙasa kuma an murƙushe dan kadan. An rufe akwati tare da fim kuma a kiyaye shi a cikin zafin jiki akai + 24 ... + 26 ° C. Sanya iska da danshi a kullum. Harbe yana bayyana a tsakanin makonni 1-3. Bayan wannan, ya zama dole don canja wurin seedlings zuwa wuri mai haske, amma don inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Kuna iya amfani da fitilar mai kyalli. Shuka tsire-tsire masu ganye tare da ganye 4 ana watsa su ba tare da ruwa zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa ba.
Dokokin saukarwa
Columnae yana da ƙananan rhizome da hankali. Bayan sayan, ana bada shawara ga tura shi. A nan gaba, ba a buƙatar jigilar jigilar jigilar kayayyaki. Ya isa yin hakan yayin da tushen ke tsiro. An zaɓi tukunya matsakaici kuma mara ƙarfi. A kasan can ya kamata a buɗe wuraren buɗe magudanar ruwa. Da farko, ana sanya lokacin farin ciki na kayan magudanar ruwa, sannan an zuba cakuda ƙasa. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa da aka yi da ƙasa don rabi-Epiphytes ko kuma ku cika gurbin da kanka. A gare shi za ku buƙaci:
- ƙasar turf (4 sassa);
- ƙasar sheet (4 sassa);
- peat (sassa 2);
- cakuda yashi, moss-sphagnum, gawayi (1 bangare).
Juyin yana gudana ne ta hanyan jingina da datti na ciki, don kada ku cutar da asalin saƙar.
Kulawar columnar
Kula da shafi a gida yana buƙatar zaɓin wuri mai kyau don shuka. Liana tana buƙatar hasken haske da ya shimfiɗa ta mai kyau kuma tana jin daɗin kusa da windowsill ko na yamma. A lokacin furanni, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske. Abu ne wanda ba a ke so don ɗaukar shafi a cikin iska mai kyau, ita ma ba ta son hasken rana kai tsaye kuma tana tsoron zane-zanen.
A lokacin rani, yanayin zafi mafi kyau na shuka shine + 22 ... + 27 ° C. Zai iya haɓaka kullun a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi, amma tare da babban zafi. A cikin hunturu, ana bada shawarar yin sanyi har zuwa + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Suna ba da gudummawa ga samuwar furen fure.
Wani mazaunin tropics yana neman zafi game da iska. Kudin da ake so shine 80-90%. Don cimma nasarar, kowane hanyoyi sun dace:
- fesawa akai-akai;
- humidifiers;
- kwalliya tare da ɗakunan leyara ko yumbu mai daɗaɗɗa;
- aquariums da marmaro.
Wajibi ne a shayar da columnar tare da karamin rabo na ruwa mai laushi. Kawai ɓangaren sashi na substrate ya kamata ya bushe, amma ba za a yarda da ɓarnar ruwa ba. Ruwa tare da lemun tsami ba a yarda da shi ba, zai iya lalata shuka.
A lokacin tsirrai masu aiki (Afrilu-Oktoba), shafi na buƙatar takin ma'adinai. Kuna iya amfani da gidaje don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, wanda aka sayar a cikin shagunan fure. Manyan miya suna narkewa a cikin ruwa mai yawa kuma ana gabatar da su cikin ƙasa, guje wa hulɗa da ganye.
Shekaru da yawa, Liana na iya shimfida shimfiɗa kuma ta daina kyakkyawa. Don tsawanta da matasa, ana yin tuwo bayan kowane fure. 30-50% na tsawon itacen inabi ya kamata a cire. Hakanan kuna buƙatar yanke furanni da bushe, ganye da harbe. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, bayan shekaru 5-7, ana bada shawara don sake farfado da shafi.
Cutar da kwari
Tare da matsanancin ruwa a kan harbe da asalinsu, ana iya samo rot rot. Yana kawo babban haɗari ga shuka. Idan shafin kamuwa da cuta ya kasance karami, kuna buƙatar yanke harbe mai cutar, dasa shi tare da tarin ƙwayar cuta tare da bi da ƙwayar cuta. A cikin lokuta masu tasowa, an yanke cutukan lafiya, kuma an lalata shuka da kanta.
Wani lokaci akan ganye mai laushi zaka iya samun aphids, thrips, scutes da gizo-gizo fata. Fesa da maganin kashe kwari na taimaka wajan kawar da cututtukan fata.
