Karnar masara - wata ciyawa ko shekara ko fure tare da furanni masu ƙyalli. Shuka ta kasance ta dangin Asters. Sunan kimiyya - centaurea - ana fassara shi daban kamar "furen centaur" ko "hujin bijimai." Ya san shi kusan kowa da kowa. Kodayake wurin haifuwa na shuka shine Kudancin Turai, ana iya samunsa ko'ina cikin yanayi mai zafi: a cikin filayen, a cikin tuddai. Ana amfani da masar masara ta hanyoyi da yawa. Suna yin ado ga lambun, kuma ana amfani dasu a magani da dafa abinci. A Rasha, ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire a matsayin ƙazantaccen iko da ke tattare da mummunan yanayi kuma girlsan mata na amfani da su wajen gudanar da bukukuwan Ivan Kupala.
Bayanin Shuka
Karnariyar fure ne mai fure tare da haɓakar kwance na rhizome da ciyawa mai tushe. Dama, harbe mai ɗanɗano ya yi girma cikin tsayi daga cm 50-80. An rufe su da ɗan gajeren tari mai fenti da shuɗi. Leafarancin ƙananan-lanceolate na ƙananan girman har ma a kan shuka ɗaya ya bambanta. Lowerananan ƙananan sun fi girma, lobed, kuma babba na kunkuntar, duka ne.
A saman mai tushe, ana kafa ƙananan inflorescences-kwanduna. Sun fara farawa a watan Yuni kuma sun yi nasara da juna har sai lokacin sanyi. Inflorescences ne mai sauki da kuma terry. Sun ƙunshi fure furannin bisexual na tsakiya da maɗaurin reeds kusa da gefen. Rowarara, an sassaka furanni a cikin layuka 1-2 ko a ko'ina cikin inflorescence. Launinsu launin rawaya, shuɗi, fari, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, shuɗi ko burgundy.
Furannin furanni sune tsire-tsire masu kyau na zuma. Kowane fure zai iya fitar da adadinsa har zuwa 6 na pollen. Bayan pollination, busassun kwalaye masu faɗin kimanin 5 mm a tsawon tsayi. A saman shine tsattsar launin shuɗi. Shuka iri na faruwa a watan Yuli-Oktoba.
Iri irin masara
Irin nau'in masara tana da bambanci sosai. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 700. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da matsayi mara iyaka ko an san su da ma'anar wasu nau'in, duk da haka, sauran nau'in sun fi isa don yin ado da lambun.
Alkama makiyaya. Ciyawar ciyawa ta Perennial na iya girma zuwa 1 m ba ga tsayi. Suna da ƙarfi a tsaye rhizome kuma kafa mai tushe tare da m farfajiya. Branching yana faruwa ne a sashin sama na sama. Ganyayyaki lanceolate mai hade da wani yanki mai laushi masu duhu kore mai launi iri iri tare da sutturar azurfi. A farkon lokacin rani, kwandunan kwanduna na buɗewa. Calyx - scaly, rawaya. Daga saman peep lilac-pink kunkuntar petals. Furannin furanni sun cika fifita a cikin cibiyar.
Alkama mai wuya Tushewar herbaceous yana da kafa ko hawa mai tushe tare da fuskoki. Tsawon tsirrai ya zama 0.4-1.2 m. Rubutun ganye da aka zana ana zanen su a cikin duhu kore. A gindin tushe, suna girma akan petioles, kuma a sama - suna zaune a kai. Single kwanduna tare da kwai-dimbin yawa-brownish kofin narke purple-m ko furanni ruwan hoda. Fulawa yana faruwa a watan Yuni-Satumba.
Dutsen masara. Tsire-tsire suna da madaidaiciyar rhizome a kwance da kuma madaidaicin tushe wanda ba a shirya shi ba. Tsawonta shine cm 60. Ganyen sune layi-lanceolate, kore mai haske. Furanni - kwanduna guda tare da diamita har zuwa 6 cm sun ƙunshi fure mai ruwan shuɗi-gero tare da gefen da gajerun tubular a tsakiyar. A iri-iri blooms duk lokacin rani.
Alluka mai launin shuɗi. An shekara-shekara ko biennial tare da m madaidaiciyar stalk 15-100 cm tsawo. Rhizome - na bakin ciki, yanki mai mahimmanci. Ana harba tambarin a cikin sashi na sama kuma an rufe shi da lanceolate, notched foliage tare da gajeren zanen da aka ji. Kwandon a siffar kambi ya fure fure mai ruwan fure. Da ke ƙasa akwai calyx mai launin kore-kore. Wannan nau'in an kira shi da filin masara ko shuka. 'Ya'yanta a koyaushe suna gauraye da hatsi da albarkatun gona, don haka shuka a harkar noma ana ɗaukar abin dariya, mai wahala kauda
Lambun masara. Itace na shekara-shekara ko tsiro na shekara-shekara har zuwa santimita 120 na manyan kyawawan kwanduna masu ruwan hoda, shuɗi mai haske, shuɗi ko furannin burgundy. Furensa yana da tsawo kuma yana da yawa. Popularungiyar shahararrun ƙwayar cuta ce mai suna "terry cornflower". Tana da kawuna mai haske mai haske wacce acikinsa akwai fure furannin itace ciki harda cibiyar. Rage petals, serrated. Iri:
- Blue Boy - a kan harbe na 50-90 cm a tsayi, kwandunan shuɗi masu duhu sun buɗe;
- Red Boy - furanni masu fure-jan furanni;
- Schneemann - tsire-tsire mai tsawon 70-80 cm tsayi fure-fure fure-fure furanni.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ana fara samun fure-fure na shekara da shekara da shekara tare da tsaba. Shuka ana yi nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude ko a cikin kwantena (idan kuna shirin yin ado da baranda da baranda). A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, an shirya ƙasa don shuka: dug sama da kwance. Soilasar dole ta kasance mai acidic. An yi imani da furen furannin da ke ci gaba da bunkasa a ƙasa mai laushi, kuma launin furen ya yi haske. Tsaba ta zama mai yiwuwa har zuwa shekaru 3. An shuka su ba tare da nuna damuwa ba a cikin rijiyoyin tare da zurfin cm cm 2. Suna ƙoƙarin rarraba daidai, ba da yawa. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2. Kamar yadda suke girma na bakin ciki fita. Da farko barin nesa na 20 cm, sannan kuma don manyan nau'ikan suna haɓaka shi zuwa cm 50. Kuna iya shuka tsaba a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, to, a cikin bazara seedlings zai bayyana a baya kuma, a sakamakon haka, fure zai fara da farko.
Wasu yan lambu suna girma seedlings. Ya kamata a rarraba iri nan da nan a cikin tukwane na peat, kamar yadda tushen saukin lalacewa yake. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ana ajiye shi a zazzabi na + 18 ° C.
Ana iya yaduwar masara ta perennial ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. A ƙarshen lokacin furanni (Agusta), an girke ƙaƙƙarfan daji har zuwa gaba ɗaya an sami 'yanci daga ƙamshin koko. Tushen an wanke shi a cikin ruwan dumi. Ana ɗaukar tushe mai tushe mai tsayi ga cm 10 10. Rhizome tare da wuka ko shebur ya kasu kashi biyu. Yana iya kawai raba shi tare da hannuwanku. Kowane rabo ya kasance yana da akalla kodan 3. Nan da nan bayan magudi, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin sabon wuri.
Kulawar waje
Ana shuka furannin furen a cikin yanki mai kyau, buɗewa. An yarda da girgiza kadan. A kasar gona ya zama haske da sako-sako. Loam ko yashi zai yi. Idan ya cancanta, an ƙara yashi zuwa ƙasa mai nauyi.
Kulawar yau da kullun abu ne mai sauqi. Ya sauko zuwa ruwa mai wahalarwa, kawai idan babu ruwan sama. Furen furen ya ba da haƙuri fari sosai, amma sun sha wahala sosai daga tururuwar ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
Sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a wata, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da hadaddun ma'adinai (20-30 g / m²). Ana zuba taki mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa a asalin sa. Idan kuka ƙara kayan miya da yawa, ciyawar zata fara juye da bushe da bushewa.
Domin ciyayi su sami bayyanar kyakkyawa, yakamata a cire fure mai wilted cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa. Kuna iya iyakance kanku don cire kawai inflorescence kanta kuma ku bar harbi ba a taɓa shi ba, amma ya fi kyau a yanka shi zuwa tsayin 10 cm sama da ƙasa. Sannan harbi zai zama mafi daidai kuma mai yawa.
Don hunturu, tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar tsari. Annuals kawai yanke da tono wani shafi. Kuma an yanke perennials a ƙasa. Ragowar harbe zasu bushe, kuma a lokacin bazara sabbin harbe-harbe zasu fara daga tushen sa.
Alkama mai matukar wahala. Wannan na iya faruwa idan an zaɓi wurin da yawan inuwa da bushewa. Sa'an nan fusarium tasowa a kan harbe. Jiyya tare da maganin kashe-kashe zai taimaka wajen gyara lamarin, amma ya fi kyau a lura da fasahar aikin gona. A yanayin zafi da bushewar iska, masarar gizo-gizo na iya kaiwa hari. Ana zubar da parasites tare da sabulu ko maganin kashe kwari.
Masara a cikin lambu
Dauka kuma a lokaci guda ana harba iska ta filayen furenn, ana yin ado da kawunan launuka masu haske, ana amfani da ita don yin kwalliyar gadaje furen, wuraren haɗasu, baranda da baranda. Za'a iya amfani da furanni a cikin plantings na ƙungiya, haɗa nau'ikan daban-daban, ko a haɗe tare da tsire-tsire kamar hatsi, dais, manta-ni-nots, poppies, calendula, marigolds.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Ana amfani da tsire-tsire a cikin magungunan gargajiya da magunguna. Furen alkama yana da adadi mai yawa:
- salts ma'adinai;
- bitamin;
- tannins;
- alkaloids;
- glycosides;
- flavonoids.
Ana yin girbin albarkatun ƙasa yayin lokacin furanni. Sai kawai sabo, ba wilted inflorescences ake amfani. An bushe su a hankali cikin wuri mai duhu kuma an adana shi a cikin akwati da aka rufe.
Daga kayan da aka samo, an shirya ruwan infusions na ruwa da barasa, broth ko shayi. Magungunan suna da diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic, antimicrobial, choleretic, laxative, analgesic, antispasmodic sakamako a jiki.
Ana ɗaukar masara ta baki tare da tashin hankali, tari, ƙwayar damuwa, gazawar haila da zubar jini mai nauyi. Lokacin amfani da shi, yanayin fata da gashi suna inganta waje, haushi yakan wuce kuma raunin ya warke.
Tun da inji ya ƙunshi cyanides wanda zai iya tarawa a cikin jiki, gudanarwar kwayoyi daga masara suna farawa bayan tattaunawa da likita. Jiyya ga mata masu juna biyu, mutanen da ke da wata alerji, da yara kanana 'yan shekaru 12 da haihuwa gabaɗaya ne.
