Alocasia shine tsire-tsire masu zafi mai ban mamaki daga dangin Aroid. Babban ado shine babban ganye na marmari tare da sabon abu na jijiyoyin jini. Homelandasar asalin kyawawan abubuwa ita ce keɓaɓɓun wurare na Gabas ta Australiya, Malesiya da Latin Amurka. A cikin ƙasarmu, ya ɗauki tushe a matsayin kayan lambu kuma ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu noman furanni.
Bayanin Botanical
Alocasia itace shuka ce mai girma-mai tsatsa mai tsabta tare da tsire-tsire na ganye. Tushen kama elongated tubers ko stolons. Sama da ƙasa karami ne mai gajeriyar magana. Bar an gyara a kan dogon fleshy petioles. A gindin ganyen, ya kasala ya kasu kashi biyu a jikin ganyayyaki, wadanda yafi jin dadi a jikin ganyen. Farantin ganye yana da m, thyroid ko siffar zuciya. A gefuna na m kore kore ganye ne m ko ribbed. Tsawon takardar zai iya zama 20-100 cm.
Alocasia ana kuma kiranta "mai kula da yanayin yanayi" saboda iyawar sa game da yanayin. A gabanin ruwan sama, lokacin da zafi ya hau, ana rufe ganyen alocasia a cikin kananan kwari. Don haka tsirrai na fitar da ruwa mai yalwa.
Itaciyar cikin gida na tsiro na cikin gida da ɗanɗano furanni. Whitean ƙaramin fari ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi is is on a briefened short peduncle. A inflorescence ne kusan an rufe shi da murfin rufewa a cikin nau'i na ƙara fadada ɗan abu. Yayinda 'ya'yan itacen ke farawa, sai mayafin ya fara tsagewa ya buɗe. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - berriesan itace masu launin ja masu haske tare da ƙananan tsaba. Suna bayyana tare da jijiya na tsaye. A lokacin furanni, haɓakar ganye yakan rage gudu ko kuma suka ɗanɗana, saboda haka wasu masu saurin yanke filawar nan da nan.
Dukkanin sassan alocasia masu guba ne kuma suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman yayin namowa da kulawa. Ruwan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na da matukar damuwa ga fatar. Koyaya, alocasia shima yana da kayan warkarwa. Phytoncides da mayuka masu mahimmanci a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan sa suna iya samun maganin motsa jiki da motsa jiki. Ana amfani da Alocasia don yin tinctures da maganin shafawa don magance hakori, haɗin gwiwa da ciwon ciki. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a bi ka'idodin, in ba haka ba magani zai iya zama guba.
Iri Alocasia
Halin halittar alocasia yana da kusan nau'in 70. Yawancinsu sun dace da namo na cikin gida, amma ana samun su ne kawai a manyan biranen, don haka iyakantaccen tsarin tsirrai yana wadatar yawancin lambu.
Alocasia Polly. Lowaramar shuka tare da ɗanɗana kara da keɓaɓɓun ganye. A kan petioles mai laushi, faranti na ganye na thyroid suna zuwa 50 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa faɗin cm cm 20. An zana manyan jijiyoyi tare da farin layin furanni masu duhu mai duhu. A gefuna da ƙarshen ganye suna da tsari mai kyau. Yawancin jinsin galibi suna fure a cikin al'ada.
Manyan-tushen alocasia (Indiya ko Arma). Dankin yana da gangar jikin mai aiki har zuwa 2 m, wanda akan ganyen petiolate 80-100 cm tsayi.
Alocasia napellus. Itataccen ciyawa mai tsayi tsawon cm 60-100. Kambi mai yawa ya ƙunshi ganye mai haske mara haske tare da launi iri ɗaya. Leaf faranti basu tare da dan kadan kumbura farfajiya. Embossed veins an fentin sautin farantin ganye. Blooms wuya da wuya.
Kiwo
Alocasia a gida ana yada shi ta hanyar dasa tsaba, ko yanka ko rarraba daji.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin bazara a cikin cakuda yashi-peat. Bushewa, da sauri suna rasa damar haɓaka, sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi amfanin gona nan da nan bayan girbi. Ya isa ya zurfafa tsaba ta hanyar 0.5-1 cm. isasa ta jike kuma an rufe ta da fim. Ana adana gidan kore a wani wuri mai haske a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Otsan buɗe ido suna fitowa tare kwanaki 18-22 bayan shuka. Lingsalingsan itace tare da ganyayyaki 2-3 na nutse cikin ƙananan (har zuwa 7 cm a diamita) tukwane ɗaya. Farkon lokacin yana gudana ne kawai bayan an gama yin cikakken amfani da ƙarfin gwiwa ta tushen earthen coma. Babban ganye ya fara girma a alolaria na shekara.
Yanke ba ka damar adana yawancin halaye na musanyar, amma ba duka ba. Don dasa tushen, kuna buƙatar yanke ganye tare da ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara na tushe a farkon bazara. An magance wurin da aka yanke da gawayi da ƙura a hagu domin bushewa tsawon awanni 2-3. Bayan haka, an narkar da shank din a cikin tushen maganin kuma ana dasa shi cikin cakuda yashi. Roocing faruwa a wuri da sauri kuma bayan makonni 2-4, wani karamin shuka ya shirya. Zai iya girma ganye kai tsaye.
A cikin bazara, lokacin dasawa, zaku iya raba daji zuwa sassa da yawa. Ya kamata a tsabtace Tushen gaba ɗaya daga ƙasa. Idan dunƙule yana ɗaure da abin ɗorawa a hankali, ana narkewa cikin ruwa. An yanke daji tare da wuka cikin sassa da yawa. Kowane rarrabuwa yakamata ya sami akalla ƙaramin ganye ko fure. Ana magance wannan yanki tare da carbon da ke kunne kuma an dasa shuka nan da nan a cikin ƙasa mai sabo.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Ya kamata a dasa Alocasia sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3. Idan rarrabuwar daji ba a sa ran, kar a cire gabaƙar da ƙammar daga tushen sa. Don dasa shuki, zaɓi tukunya mai zurfi, mai karko da ramuka a ƙasa. Tankar cike da kayan magudanan ruwa zuwa zurfin cm cm 2-3 Ana zaɓi ƙasar da ta dasa tsiron tsirai da abinci mai gina jiki. Tsarin acidic na sassauci na wadannan bangarorin sun dace:
- takardar ƙasa;
- conasa mai farin ciki;
- peat;
- kogin yashi.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ƙasa mai dausayi tare da ƙari da yashi da sphagnum.
Kula da sautin cikin gida
A gida, kula da alocasia abu ne mai sauƙi. Wannan tsiran unpreentious shuka yana haɓaka da kyau a ɗaka. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuri mai haske, amma kare ganye daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Withananan launuka masu launin shuɗi suna buƙatar ƙarin hasken fitila.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafin jiki na alocasia shine + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Tsarin da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki yana haifar da cututtuka da lalata a cikin bayyanar kambi. A cikin hunturu, an yarda da ɗan kwantar da hankali har zuwa + 16 ° C. A cikin daki mai sanyi, inji ya fara sauke ganye. Ko da sanyi mai gajeren lokaci yakan haifar da mutuwar farkon alocasia.
Kamar kowane baƙo na wurare masu zafi, alocasia yana buƙatar babban zafi. Ana feshe ganyen da ruwa sau da yawa a rana. Don hana hakoran lemun tsami a kan ganye, yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi.
Ana shayar da Alocasia sosai. Kasan koyaushe ya zama mai laushi. Amma ko da tsauraran ruwa a cikin tukunyar ba zai yiwu ba. Ta hanyar hunturu, sannu a hankali ana rage ruwa, amma ba a bada dogon hutu ba da shawarar.
Daga Maris zuwa Agusta, shuka yana buƙatar takin kullun tare da takin ma'adinai. Yi amfani da abubuwan da aka tsara don furanni na cikin gida, waɗanda aka ninka sau biyu a wata don ruwa don ban ruwa.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Alocasia yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Mafi yawan lokuta tana fama da lalacewa. Gaskiya ne game da samfuran manya. Za a iya samun kwayar cutar ganye a kann ganye mai ɗamara, zazzageffen gizo-gizo, aphids, mealybugs da sikelin kwari. Kwayoyi suna aiki sosai cikin iska mai bushe da bushe. Don magance su, suna amfani da "actellic", "karbofos" da sauran kwari masu kama.
Yawancin matsaloli ana haifar da kurakurai a cikin kulawa na alocasia:
- koma baya na haifar da karancin takin zamani;
- ganye mai laushi da baƙi mai baƙi suna nuna ambaliyar ƙasa da lalacewar rhizome;
- ganyayyaki sun rasa ingancinsu kuma suna iya bushewa da ruwa;
- tukwicin cikin ganyayyaki ya zama launin ruwan kasa da bushewa daga busasshiyar iska a cikin ɗakin;
- launin ruwan kasa a kan farantin ganye yana nuna rashin ƙarfi na alocasia;
- lianya ta zama mai shuɗewa (sautunan launin shuɗi sun shuɗe) tare da rashin hasken rana.
