Echinocactus asalin halittar tsirrai ne masu tsiro tare da tsinkayen maras nauyi. Ya kasance daga dangin Cactus kuma an rarraba shi a cikin hamada na Mexico da kuma kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Kuna iya fassara sunan shuka kamar "shinge shinge." Wannan ya faru ne saboda siffar sa mai kama da shinge mai shinge. Ana iya samun wannan saurin girma tare da kyawawan ƙaya a yau a yawancin gidaje na duniya. A cikin yanayin halitta, ya kai girman girma, amma a cikin gida ya kasance mai daidaituwa na dogon lokaci kuma yana gamsar da launuka masu launin.
Bayanin Shuka
Echinocactus shine rhizome na zamani. A ƙarƙashin ƙasa akwai dogon tushen farin iska da fararen fata. A hankali suka kandame dukkanin dunun dajin. A saboda wannan dalili, tukunya tana buƙatar ɗaki mai zurfi da shuka mai zurfi. Plantsananan tsire-tsire suna kama da ƙananan kwallayen mara nauyi wanda aka rufe da dogon, m needles. Zurfin girman echinocactus na cikin gida da wuya ya wuce cm 40. Girman yana da saman duhu mai duhu. Yayin da yake girma, siffar tsiron ya canza kaɗan, yana shimfiɗa ƙasa kaɗan.
Akwai haƙarƙai a tsaye 25-45 tare da tsawon tsayin kara. An nuna hakarkarinsa kuma a bayyane suke a farfajiya. An rufe su da duwatsun da ƙayayuwa na ƙaya. A kowane yankin areola, akwai lafiyayyun kusurwoyin tsakiya na tsakiya da kuma har zuwa dozin zangon radial mai dozin. Tsawon tsattsuran radiyo zasu iya zama 3 cm, kuma tsakiya na girma har zuwa cm 5 Duk areoles suna da farin koren shuɗi, wanda a hankali yake sharewa. An rufe saman itacen da daskararren laushi na tari mai tsawo.
Echinocactus Bloom a cikin shekara ta ashirin ta rayuwa. Flow yana faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni. A saman, dogon toho yana fitowa, daga wanda fure mai rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da bakin ciki, fure mai fure. Corolla yana da tsawon 7 cm, kuma cm 5 a diamita .. A gefen bututun yana jin fitsari. Ana fentin gefuna na cikin duhu, kusan sautunan launin ruwan kasa.
Iri Echinocactus
A cikin halittar echinocactus, akwai jinsuna 6. Mafi mashahuri tsakanin lambu shine echinocactus gruzoni. Wannan muccet mai siffar mahaifa ya kai diamita na 40 cm. Riarfinsa an rufe shi da kauri, slightlyan matse mai ɗanɗano. Abubuwan allura, da furanni daga baya, ana fentin su da launin rawaya mai haske. Cacti na matasa suna da sihiri mai sauƙi, kuma tsoffin samfurori suna da elongated kuma mafi kamar ganga. A gida, ana kiran wannan nau'in "ganga na gwal". Yawancin masu girbin furanni suna neman echinocactus Gruzoni ja, amma irin wannan tsire-tsire ba a samun su a yanayi. Sau da yawa, masu siyar da kaya marasa kyau suna lalata ƙananan rawaya masu launin shuɗi tare da fenti ja. Yana da lahani, amma allurai matasa za su yi girma da launin ruwan hoda da aka saba.
Echinocactus mai lebur ne mai santsi. Dankin shuka yana da ikon isa 2 m ba ga tsawo ba kuma 1.5 m in diamita. A saman kara suna isasshen har zuwa babban ribs 25. A cikin kusa areoles ne m spines tare da m shanyewar jiki. Tsawon su shine 3.5-4.5 cm.Dauran furanni a kai a kai a cikin yanayi tare da furanni masu launin toka mai haske.
Parch Echinocactus. Itaciyar mai sihiri har zuwa 30 cm tsayi an rufe ta da launin shuɗi-shuɗi fata. A kan agaji, hucin ribs beoles tare da tsayi (har zuwa 10 cm), kashin baya. Matasa tsire-tsire suna rufe da launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda, amma tare da shekaru sun haskaka da zama kusan fari.
Ta yaya murtsatsi ya yadu?
Echinocactus haihuwa daga yara da tsaba. Abin baƙin ciki, yara sun bayyana da wuya. Tsarin aikin ya kamata a raba watanni 6-12. Ana bushe shi tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a sama, sannan kuma a kafe shi a cikin yashi ko rigar yashi da peat. Ba lallai ba ne su tono seedling. Ya isa ya danna shi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya goyi bayan shi da haƙori. Tsarin yana ɗaukar watanni 1-2. Bayan wannan, zaku iya juyar da echinocactus mai tushe zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
Tsaba suna halin mai kyau. Zai fi kyau shuka su a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Zaka iya yin wannan a wasu lokuta na shekara, amma dole ne ka ƙara ɗaukar ƙwayar seedlings. Don dasa, ana amfani da kwantena tare da ƙasa sako da yashi. Ya kamata a yi kashin ƙasa kafin dasa shuki. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya, aka yayyafa shi da ruwa kuma an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. An bar Green a cikin wuri mai haske a zazzabi na + 26 ... + 30 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 1-2. Sun ci gaba da girma a karkashin tsari na tsawon wata guda sannan kawai a hankali suka saba da rashin sa.
Sirrin Kulawa
Kamar yawancin wakilan dangin Cactus, echinocactus baya buƙatar kulawa da kullun. Shekaru da yawa, sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa da girma kuma galibi ana gado shi. Don kiyaye kyakkyawa, yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa don shuka. Yana son mai tsananin haske da tsawan hasken rana. Hasken rana kai tsaye ba zai cutar da fata mai laushi ba. A hankali, kara yana jujjuyawa kuma ya lalata daga gefen tushen hasken, don haka yana da amfani juya tukunya lokaci-lokaci.
Echinocactus yana buƙatar kula da zazzabi. A lokacin bazara, yana jurewa koda zafi mai zafi, kuma a cikin hunturu ya fi dacewa a kiyaye shi a + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Sanyaya a ƙasa + 8 ° C yana da mutuƙar tsiro. Daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara ana bada shawara don aika tukunya zuwa baranda ko baranda. Sauye-sauyen yau da kullun tsakanin 7-8 ° C zai amfana da echinocactus.
Tabin ɗin ba ya nuna buƙatun don yawan zafi. Wani lokaci ana iya fesa shi da ruwa ko wanka daga ƙura a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka. A wannan yanayin, ruwa bai kamata ya faɗi akan furanni ba.
Ya kamata a shayar da Echinocactus sosai, amma da wuya. Ruwa don ban ruwa yakamata ya zama mai dumi kuma tsarkakakke. Tsakanin ban ruwa, yakamata yakamata ya bushe sosai. A cikin hunturu, ana rage girman ruwa, ana amfani da ƙasa fiye da sau ɗaya a wata.
Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, za a iya ciyar da echinocactus. Yi amfani da keɓaɓɓen abubuwan ɓoye na succulents, waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin ƙasa a cikin nau'i mai narkewa. Ya isa ya ƙara ba da 1-2 na takin ƙasa a wata.
Ana aiwatar da juyawa a kowane shekaru 2-5. Da mazan da shuka, da ƙasa da sau da yawa yana bukatar shi. Ana bukatar tukunya sosai barga, tunda babban tarko yana ɗaukar nauyi. Capacityarfin ya kamata ya zama ɗan girma fiye da na baya. Idan ka zaɓi babban akwati nan da nan, Tushen zai iya lalacewa saboda yawan danshi.
Soilasa don echinocactus ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin:
- ƙasar turf
- takardar ƙasa;
- kogin kogi;
- murƙushe pumice;
- yankakken gawayi.
Coveredarshen tanki an rufe shi da babban farin ciki na yumɓu mai kauri ko wasu kayan magudanar ruwa. Lokacin dasawa, kuna buƙatar gwada cire ɓangaren tsohuwar substrate daga asalin sa. Wannan zai kawar da zubar da yalwar ƙasa.
Abin baƙin ciki ga wasu lambu, echinocactus kusan ba shi da yara. Wasu lokuta sukan bayyana bayan lalacewar tushe. Yana yiwuwa a tsokani bayyanar tafiyar matakai, yana haifar da abubuwa da yawa a saman shuka. Koyaya, yakamata ayi taka tsantsan: lalacewar echinocactus shine yafi dacewa da lalacewa. Idan inji ya riga ya haifi 'ya'ya, ba lallai ba ne a raba su. Labulen labule yana da ban sha'awa sosai.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Tare da tsarin ba daidai ba, echinocactus na iya fama da cututtukan fungal. Suna shafan tushen da tsiro na shuka. Yana da mahimmanci don hana ruwa a cikin ƙasa da dampness a cikin ɗakin, musamman a yanayin zafi mara ƙarancin iska.
Wasu lokuta echinocactus ana karo da mealybugs da kwari masu kwari. Ya kamata a cire ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙasa daga ƙasa ta amfani da goga mai kauri. Bayan haka, an shuka tsiron a ƙarƙashin wanka mai ɗumi da yawa, sannan a bi da maganin kwari.
