Maranta 'yar asalin ciyawa ce zuwa gandun daji na Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. An yi wa lakabi ne bayan likita na tsaka-tsaki da masanin ilimin dabbobi daga Venice. Maranta - sunan kwayoyin, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan 25.
Bayanin kibiya
Wannan ciyawa ce mara nauyi har zuwa 20 cm, ganye suna girma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba daga tushen ko akan mai tushe. An yaba masa saboda kyakkyawan launi: ɗimbin launuka da walƙiya mai haske suna kan ganye kore.
Yana da fasalin halayyar: ganye zai iya canza matsayin su dangane da yanayin waje. Idan kibiyar tayi dadi, sai ta saukar dasu a kwance, idan kuma bata da wani abu, sai su juya su tashi sama. Saboda haka suna na biyu - "addu'a ko ciyawar addu'a."
Daga danginsa, alamar ta daban ta bambanta:
- girma (na farko a sama);
- ganye (a farkon ana shirya su a kan yanke itace a cikin layuka biyu);
- fure (haske sosai a cikin calathea).
Maranta ba tsire-tsire mai guba ba ne, saboda haka yana da cikakken hadari ga yara da dabbobi.
Iri arrowroot don kiwo na cikin gida
Arrowroot yana nufin tsirrai da tsire-tsire na ornamental. Furen nata babu rubutu ne.
| Dubawa | Alamun waje |
| Farar fata-mai launin fata (farin-veined) | 26-30 cm, duhu kore ganye tare da ratsi na azurfa a tsakiya da kuma a kan veins gefe. |
| Masanja (farin-iri iri mai laushi) | Hanyoyi suna shimfidawa daga jijiyoyin haske, aibanya launin ruwan kasa ana iya ganinsu a tsakani |
| Kerchoven (Kerchovean) | A saman ganyayyaki akwai ɗigunan duhu masu kama da gashin fuka-fukai, da farin fararen a tsakiyar, ƙananan gefen farantin ganye mai launin ja. |
| Sau biyu | Ganyen yana da m tare da wavy gefen, ratsi na biyu tabarau na kore. |
| Reeda | Har zuwa 1 m na tsayi, manyan duhu kore ganye tare da launin toka. |
| Haduwa | Ya girma zuwa 40 cm, gefuna na ganye akwai wavy. Tare da tsakiyar jijiyar, fitilar kore mai ban sha'awa shine "tsefe", a garesu daga akwai bangarori masu duhu da yawa. |
| Maricella | Ganye mai duhu mai duhu tare da jijiyoyin wuta. |
| Kyakkyawar kim | Variegated iri-iri, tare da ratsi a kan dukkan farfajiya na farantin ganye. |
| Gibba | Kyakkyawan furanni violet da aka tattara a cikin panicles. |
| Red-hatimi (tricolor, tricolor) | Ganyen launuka masu launuka uku: kore mai duhu, lemun tsami da ruwan hoda. |
Kula da kibiya a gida
Abu mafi mahimmanci yayin barin gida shine tabbatar da yanayin zafi da laima. Maranta ta fito ne daga wurare masu zafi, saboda haka tana son yanayin dumin yanayi.
| Yanayi | Lokacin bazara | Lokacin rani | Fadowa | Hunturu |
| Zazzabi | + 20 ... +22 ° С. Guji zayyanawa da matuƙar zafin jiki. | + 20 ... +26 ° С. Guji ƙaruwar zafin jiki. | + 18 ... +20 ° С, saukar da zazzabi yana da m. | |
| Wuri / Haske | Yana son inuwa mai fuska, haske ya watsa. Guji hasken rana kai tsaye - ƙonewa mai ƙare mai ƙare mai ƙarewa. Yammaci yamma da gabas. A cikin ɗakuna tare da windows ta kudu, sanya a bayan ɗakin. | Idan za ta yiwu, ƙara hasken wucin gadi. | ||
| Haushi | Kula da babban zafi: fesa sau biyu a rana. | Fesa kowane kwanaki 2-3. | ||
| Watse | Yana da mahimmanci don daidaituwa. Lokacin da ya fi dacewa: saman Layer ya bushe, amma har yanzu akwai danshi a cikin ƙasa. Bayan kamar kwana guda. | Kowane kwana 3-4 | ||
| Daidai da mahimmanci shine ingancin ruwan. Ya kamata a tace, zaunar da shi, ya ɗan ɗanɗano sama da iska a cikin ɗakin. | ||||
| Manyan miya | Takin gargajiya na al'ada (banda nitrogen) sau 2 a wata. Mai mai da hankali don yin ƙasa da abin da aka nuna a cikin umarnin. Maranta baya son wuce gona da iri. | Ba a buƙata. | ||
Itatuwan da ya lalace ta hanyar waje (rana, kwari), ko tsoho, dole ne a girbe shi. A cikin yanayin farko, an yanke ganye a tushen. Bayan an gyara tukunya a wuri mai duhu, ana shayar lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin da ƙaramin ƙarami ya bayyana, zaka iya shirya shi.
Fasalin fasalin: ƙasa da zaɓi na tukunya, hanya
Matasa tsire-tsire suna dasawa a kowace shekara a cikin bazara, mafi yawan manya a cikin shekaru biyu. Yayin wannan, ana aiwatar da rabo daga tushen tushen dalilin haifuwa.
Tukunyar tukunya ce filastik, fadi. Ceramics baya riƙe zafi sosai, saboda haka bai dace sosai ga ƙwararren kibiya ba. Zurfin tukunyar ba ta da mahimmanci, tun da tushen tsarin abu ne na zahiri.
Kyakkyawan ƙasa don arrowroot cakuda ganye ne, ƙasa mai cike da humus, yashi da gawayi. Yana da mahimmanci samar da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa.
Tsintsiyar hanya:
- gurbata ƙasa, tukunya, magudanar ruwa;
- sanya magudanar ruwa a ƙasa, tare da yanki na 4 cm, yi amfani da yumɓu mai yumɓu ko kwakwalwan bulo;
- zuba karamin Layer na kasa, zube shi;
- cire ganye mai bushe ko bushe;
- a cire cire kibiya a tsohuwar tukunyar ba tare da fasa dunkin da aka yi ba.
- bincika tushen, idan ya cancanta, cire wuraren da suka lalace;
- matsa zuwa sabon tukunya;
- yayyafa a hankali tare da ƙasa ba tare da tamping ba;
- ruwa da feshi;
- saka cikin inuwa m.
Kiwo
An ba da dabino zuwa sama ta hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar grafting da rarrabe daji:
| Hanyar | Lokaci | Ayyuka |
| Raba | Kula da lokacin dasawa. |
|
| Yankan | Lokacin da ya dace shine kaka-kaka. Yanke - fi na rassan, game da 10 cm tsawo, koyaushe tare da yawancin internodes. An yanke shi 3 cm a kasa na nodule. |
|
Hanyar Girma Hanyar Girma
A cikin abun ciki na arrowroot yana iya zama da wahala a kula da matakin larura a wajenta. Saboda haka, da yawa gogaggen fure growers dasa shi a gida mini greenhouses ko a bude da kuma rufe irin florariums.
Fasali na saukowa da gyara:
- amfani da kwantena ko akwatin kifayen da aka yi da gilashi ko filastik;
- tsire-tsire zaɓi ɗan ƙarami da asalin asali;
- An sanya Florarium a cikin wuri mai haske da dumin dumi;
- wani lokacin idan tsararrun ƙwayoyin cuta suka bayyana, sukan shirya samun iska;
- wani lokacin sukanyi wanka kuma suna cire ganye mai yawa.
Ba kamar buɗewa ba, rufewa baya buƙatar ruwa da iska. Ana shayar da shuka sau ɗaya yayin dasa, sannan kuma a cikin tsarin rufaffiyar florarium yana ƙirƙirar microclimate nasa.
A wannan yanayin, furen kanta yana samar da isasshen oxygen don kansa kuma yana haifar da matakin zafi. Ana amfani da akwati tare da kunkuntar wuya da murfin daskararru don wannan zaɓi.
Irin waɗannan florariums ana kiran su "wani lambu a cikin kwalba." Suna da ban sha'awa sosai, amma ba kowa ba ne zai iya jurewa daga saukowa.
Kwari, cututtuka da kwari
| Bayyanar cututtuka a cikin ganyayyaki | Dalili | Magani |
| An bushe tare da gefuna, arrowroot kanta ba ya girma. | Humarancin zafi. | Intensify spraying, sanya arrowroot a cikin wani kwanon rufi tare da gansakuka ko ciyawa pebbles. |
| Juya launin rawaya da curl sama. | Bai isa ba danshi. | Wateringara yawan shayarwa. |
| Juya rawaya da curl tare da ƙasa mai laushi. | Draft ko ƙaramin yanayin zafi. | Sake shirya zuwa wani wuri. |
| Ba ya tashi. | Itace tayi girma. | Yi girki, dasawa a cikin tukunya mafi girma. |
| Karami, kodadde. | Karin haske. | Sake shirya ko inuwa. |
| Farin farin kaya a gindi. | Waterlogging da ƙarancin zafin jiki. | Rage yawan ruwa, sake shirya shi a cikin wani wuri mai ɗumi. |
| Cobwebs. | Spider mite. | Humara zafi, idan akwai mummunan lalacewa, yi magani tare da kwayoyi. |
| Yankakken farin ciki. | Mealybug. | Bi da tare da kwari. |
| Juya rawaya ya faɗi, harbe sun bushe. | Chlorosis | Zuba ruwan acidified. |
Mr. Mazaunin bazara ya ba da shawarar: arrowroot - fa'idodi da lahani
Maranta itace shuka mai amfani sosai. Indiyawan sune farkon wadanda suka shuka ta shekaru 7,000 da suka gabata.
A yayin hakar archaeological, masana kimiyya sun gano ragowar garin alkama da aka yi shi da shi daga rhizome. Sun kuma yi amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan lemo na arrowroot a matsayin maganin guba.
Amfanin Shuka:
- Masu kwantar da hankula suna amfani da sitaci da tushen gari. Latterarshen yana da kyau don abinci mai gina jiki, yana motsa tsarin abinci a cikin narkewa. Tushen kuma an dafa shi.
- Ya ƙunshi folic acid, bitamin na rukunin B da PP, mai wadatar silsila.
- Abin sha na arrowroot yana taimakawa tare da kamuwa da cuta.
- Yana maganin rashin bacci. An yi imanin cewa furen da aka sanya a cikin ɗakin kwanciya ta gefen gado yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen bacci.
- Yana karfafa tsarin na rigakafi.
- Yana barin makamashi mara kyau a cikin gidan, yana kawo zaman lafiya da fahimtar juna.
Yarjejeniyar:
- Kada kuyi amfani da hali don halayen halayen da kuma rashin haƙuri. Zai fi kyau tuntuɓi likitanku da farko.
- Contraindicated a cikin postoperative lokacin da tare da matsaloli tare da coagulation jini (arrowroot gari liquefies).
- Karka yi amfani da shi don fashewar cututtukan ƙwayar fata.
