Caladium tsire-tsire ne mai ban sha'awa tare da ganye na ado. Ya kasance daga dangin Aroid kuma an rarraba shi a cikin gandunan daji na wurare masu zafi da keɓaɓɓu na Kudancin Amurka. Don kyawawan kyawawan ganyayyaki, ana kiran caladium "mala'ikan fuka-fuki", "kunnuwa giwaye" da "zuciyar Yesu." Alas, lokacin farkawa da aiki mai girma 'yan watanni ne kawai a shekara. Idan ka samar da Caladium da wadataccen abun ciki, to ya zama daji mai yalwar ganye tare da ganyayyaki masu kyawu.
Halayen Botanical
Caladium wata itaciya ce mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da tsarin tushensa. Girman daskararren ƙwayar cuta mara nauyi shine cm 7-10. Ana iya ganin wuraren girma da yawa a ɓangaren na sama. Tsarin tushen fibrous yana tasowa daga kasan tarin fuka.
An sake zagayowar rayuwar caladium zuwa lokutan hutu da aiki mai ƙarfi. Tun daga ƙarshen watan Agusta, duk rassan ciyawarta ke bushewa. Har Maris, kawai ana adana tubers. A farkon bazara, matasa harbe suka fito daga ƙasa.
Ganyen Caladium akan dogayen ganye na tsiro kai tsaye daga fitsarin. A cikin yanayin halitta, tsayin daji na iya isa mita 5. tsire-tsire na cikin gida shine 40-90 cm tsayi. Farantin kibiya-mai kama da faranti mai launin zuciya yana da launi mai bambantawa. Tsawon ganye ya kusan cm 30, faɗin kuma faɗin cm cm 15. Tun da ganyayyaki shine babban ado, akwai nau'ikan da ire-iren tsire-tsire masu launuka iri-iri. Ganyen itace rasberi, azurfa, ruwan hoda.
A ƙarshen bazara, bayan bayyanar ganye na 4 na farko, inflorescence ya fara haɓaka - kunnen elongated na haske mai launin rawaya mai haske. An kewaye shi da mayafin farin-kore. Flow yana kusa ba tare da ƙanshi ba kuma yana 'yan kwanaki kawai. Bayan pollination, m mai siffar zobe berries ripen. A cikin yanayi na gida, fure da fruiting na faruwa da wuya.
Iri Caladium
Halittar Caladium ta ƙunshi manyan nau'ikan 15. Bari mu bincika wasu daga cikinsu.
Caladium Humboldt. Wannan nau'in halittu ne da ire-irensu da aka samo asali daga akasarinsu galibi ana samunsu a al'adance. Itataccen mai tsiro mai kunshe yana da fure-fure na ganye mai siffar kibiya har zuwa 10 cm tsayi kuma kusan cm 5 a kan fararen koren ganye mai duhu da ke tsakiyar manyan filayen fure ne. Yawan inflorescence yayi fure a watan Afrilu, amma baya jan hankalin da yawa.
Caladium na Schomburg. Shuke-shuke suna son gandun daji na Brazil masu laushi. Ganyayyaki masu kyau suna girma zuwa tsawon 15 cm kuma faɗin cm cm 12. A gefe na gaba, ana fentin ganye a cikin tabarau masu launin shuɗi tare da veins kore. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Venosum - a kan ganye mai launin m, kan iyaka da tsakiyar jijiya an fifita su cikin ja, an taƙaita jijiyoyin gefen tare da fatun launin shuɗi;
- Erythraeum - a kan farantin launi na duhu mai duhu, alamu na azurfa suna tare tare da jijiyoyin.
Caladium Bicolor sananniyar a cikin Antilles. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar fure mai sagittal har zuwa tsawon cm 30. Ja, rasberi, launuka masu haske suna mamaye launinta. Kunnen ya bayyana a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Al'adar ba ta mamaye al'adun gargajiyar ba, amma ta nau'ikan gargajiya. Daga cikinsu, masu zuwa suna da kyau:
- Rosalie - ana iya ganin iyakar kore mai haske akan ganyen jan;
- Kyau mai launin ruwan hoda - tsakiyar ganye yana fenti mai ruwan hoda, a gefen gefen akwai iyakokin kore, kuma an taƙaita jijiyoyinsu tare da ratsin ruwan hoda mai haske;
- Florida Cardinal - ganye rasberi mai walƙiya wanda ke ɗaure ta da babban faren kore mai haske;
- White Kirsimeti - a kan azurfa surface na ganye ne duhu kore ratsi tare da veins da kananan duhu kore aibobi.
Girma
Roduirƙirar caladium an samar da ita ta hanyar ciyayi da hanyoyin iri. Tsaba da sauri rasa ƙarfin germination su, kuma kusan bashi yiwuwa a same su a gida. 'Ya'yan Seedan itace ba su gaji halaye na mahaifiyar shuka. An samar da amfanin gona a cikin kwandon shara tare da ƙasa don maganin warin gwiwa. A tattara su a zazzabi na + 25 ... + 30 ° C a ƙarƙashin fim ko gilashi, a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin makonni uku. Ana fesa su a kai a kai tare da tsarkakakken ruwa. Har zuwa kaka, seedlings suna samar da ƙananan nodules waɗanda ke da ikon hunturu masu zaman kansu.
Kayan lambu yana yaduwa ta hanyar hanyar rarrabuwa ko tushen 'yar' yar tubers. A ƙarshen Fabrairu, an yanyan babban ƙwayoyin cuta tare da rassa da yawa cikin guda. Kowane rabe yakamata ya sami aƙalla biyu. Wuraren yanka da aka tsoma a cikin gawayi da bushe da rana. Daga baya, ana dasa ƙwayar cutar a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya musamman.
Idan a cikin lokacin haihuwar jariri yana kusa da mahaifiyar tuber, a cikin bazara za'a iya dasa shi a cikin tukunya daban kuma ya girma a matsayin shuka mai zaman kanta.
Yana yiwuwa a yaɗa caladium tare da petioles. Don wannan, an yanke ganye tare da dunƙulen a ƙarshen ƙarshen Mayu. Tushen shi a cikin ruwan dumi. Lokacin da aka samar da karamin ƙwayar cuta a ƙarshen petiole, ana watsa shi cikin ƙasa peaty. A lokacin kaka, girman tsiron ya kai mm 7 mm kuma tsiron ya shiga cikin yanayi mai wahala.
Kulawar Gida
A gida, ba shi da wahala sosai a kula da caladium. Alas, furen yana farantawa da kyakkyawan ganye don 'yan watanni kawai, amma koda bayan wannan, yana kuma buƙatar kulawa a lokacin dormant.
A farkon bazara, ana dasa shuki. Wiwi ya dace da girman nodules. Mafi ƙarancin za'a iya dasa da yawa a cikin tukunya ɗaya, amma kuna buƙatar barin ɗakin don haɓaka. A ruwan hoda dot a kan tubers ya kamata a saman. Don samun babban daji mai yadawa, ana shuka nodules zuwa zurfin 5-10 cm.
Zai fi kyau ɗaukar gaurayawan ƙasa na musamman don caladium. An rarrabe su ta hanyar tsarin haske da kuma ƙarfin ruwa. Acidasa da acidity yakamata ya zama tsaka tsaki. Haɗin yana haɗa da humus da ƙasa mai ganye, peat, yashi kogi da wasu gawayi.
Hasken Caladium yana buƙatar zafin gaske, amma yaɗuwa. Yayinda ake kara launuka, ana bukatar karin haske. Hasken rana kai tsaye da sauri yana haifar da ƙonewa. Sakamakon haka, mummunan launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana. Zai fi kyau a sanya tukwane da caladium akan windows gabas ko yamma.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine + 22 ... + 27 ° C. Sanyaya a ƙasa + 20 ° C ba a so a kowane lokaci, ko da lokacin hutawa.
Caladium na iya dacewa da yanayin zafi na cikin gida. Ya amsa da godiya. Rashin danshi yana haifar da bushewa daga cikin ganyayyaki da raguwa a cikin girman girma. Idan ya cancanta, ana sanya pallets tare da daskararren laka a kusa da bushes.
Caladium yana son yin ruwa na yau da kullun, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo don kada ruwa ya yi tururi a cikin ƙasa. Babban saman asa tsakanin ruwa ya kamata ya bushe. Tun daga watan Agusta, lokacin da ganyayen suka fara mutuwa, ana rage ruwa kuma a hankali a daina tsayawa gaba daya. A lokacin hutawa, ana ba da izinin ciyar da ƙasa tare da tablespoons da yawa na ruwa. A cikin bazara, tare da zuwan tsiro, an kara yawan ruwa, amma a hankali.
Takin Caladium zai fara a cikin Yuni, lokacin da mafi yawan ganyayyaki za su riga sun bayyana. Maganin mako-mako na ma'adinan ma'adinai tare da babban abun ciki na phosphorus, nitrogen da potassium an zuba cikin ƙasa. Takin takin zamani daga Agusta.
Cutar da kwari
A lokacin dormancy, caladium tubers suna da saukin kamuwa da su rot. Idan an samo wuraren da abin ya shafa, to a raba su da ƙoshin lafiya kuma a bi da su da ƙwayoyin fungicides. Dole ne a sanya sutura a shekara a duk lokacin dasawa. Ganyayyaki na iya sha wahala daga ƙarshen hasken. Hakanan ana maganin ta da maganin kashe kwari.
Caladium na iya shafawa ta hanyar aphids, mealybugs da kuma kwari gizo-gizo. Idan an sami kwari, yana da kyau a rinƙa ganyen sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka, sannan a magance su da maganin kashe kwari.
