Zai yi kama da raspberries ne mai kyau tsohon shrub wanda har yanzu ya girma ta hanyar kakaninmu, da kuma duk asirin da kuma dabara na kula da wannan Berry an daɗe da aka sani. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, wasu lambu suna lanƙwashe rassa ƙarƙashin nauyin berries, yayin da wasu - ɗayan, biyu, da ɓata su. Kuma ba kawai game da iri ba ne, ƙasa mara kyau da yanayin ƙima. Raspberries suna son kulawa, kuma don berries su zama mai daɗi da manyan, shuka yana buƙatar tsinkaye. Mataki na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci shine madaidaiciyar dacewa.
Ana iya dasa shuki raspberries a bazara
Kwanannin rasberi rasberi sun dogara da yanayin damina da yanayin yanayi. Ana iya shuka Raspberries a cikin bazara da kaka, amma a cikin yankuna na kudu mafi kyawun zamani shine kaka, kuma a tsakiyar layi kuma mafi yankuna na arewacin - bazara. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a kudu bayan ɗan gajeren bazara, ana saka lokacin bazara mai zafi, kuma an dasa shuki a watan Maris - Afrilu, ba tare da lokacin ɗauka ba, ya kamata a fallasa shi ga yanayin zafi sosai. Rayuwar tsutsa za ta faru a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin, amma ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba.
A cikin wuraren da yanayin canjin yanayin sanyi, an fi son dasa shuki. 'Ya'yan itacen rasberi da aka dasa a watan Afrilu zasu sami lokacin ɗaukar tushe kafin lokacin zafi, kuma da isowar zafi lokacin bazara zai fara girma. Tsarin damina a tsakiyar layi shima zai yuwu, amma tare da farawa a farkon sanyi da rashin dusar ƙanƙara, matattarar matasa na iya mutuwa.
Spring dasa bishiyoyi
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki na raspberries shine rabin Afrilu na biyu. Ya danganta da yanayin da yanayin canjin yanayi, lokacin zai iya juyawa ta bangare guda ko wata, amma yana da kyau a riƙe wannan taron kafin kodan ya buɗe.
Ana la'akari da kalandar rana don 2018 mafi kyawun ranakun don dasa shuki a ranar bazara a ranakun 7-8, Afrilu 20-22 da Mayu 4-6, Mayu 18-19.
Dasa raspberries ya kamata ya fara da zaɓi na shafin. Yankin rana, inda yake da iska zai zama manufa, amma seedlingsa seedlingsan da aka shuka a gefen shinge zasu ɗauki tushen sosai kuma zasu ji daɗin amfanin gona. Inuwa daga shinge, musamman da tsakar rana, zai kare itacen daga zafin rana. Babban abu shine cewa rasberi bai bayyana ba tare da rana ba na dogon lokaci yayin rana.
Kasar gona rasberi fi son tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan acidic. Idan mãkirci acidic ne, to, kafin dasa shuki seedlings wajibi ne don deoxidate - ƙara alli ko dolomite gari don tono.
Kada a dasa bishiyoyi a wuri inda dankali, tumatir ko strawberries suka girma a gabanta. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna da cututtuka na gama gari tare da raspberries, don haka dasawa bayan waɗannan albarkatun gona za a iya yi kawai bayan shekaru uku.
Ana shirya ramin kuma dasa bishiyoyi
A girma daga cikin rami rami (ramuka) ne sun fi mayar dogara da ƙasa - mafi talauci kasar gona, mafi girma zurfi da nisa daga saitin sarari. Yawanci, an sake juzuwan recesses 50 cm fadi da zurfafa 40-50 cm.
Saukowa rami ko ramuka don dasa shuki ya kamata a shirya shi sosai a cikin fall. Suna yin shi kamar haka:
- An haƙa rami a wurin da ake nufa, kuma an sanya ragowar abubuwan ƙasan halitta a ƙasan:
- rassan
- ganye;
- haushi.
- Zuba Layer na kore mowed weeds ba tare da tsaba.
- Gina ƙasa mai gina jiki an aza shi a saman tare da ƙari na:
- toka;
- gari dolomite;
- rotted taki.
Yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa babu wata hanyar da za a shuka dasa ɗan itacen rasberi da sauri kuma kuna buƙatar adana shi don kwana ɗaya zuwa kwana biyu. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata kunsa Tushen tare da zane mai laushi kuma sanya shuka a cikin jakar filastik. Yana da kyau idan zaku iya sanya sayan ku a wuri mai sanyi, alal misali, a cikin garejin da ba a cika ba ko sito. Babu dalilin da ya kamata ka bar seedling a rana ko saka a cikin guga na ruwa fiye da awa daya - matasa shuka, mafi m, ba zai tsaya wannan. Idan kana buƙatar ajiye daji rasberi da aka siya na dogon lokaci, zai fi kyau a haƙƙa shi a cikin inuwa.
Dasa rasberi a cikin rami:
- A cikin rami da aka shirya kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa mai daɗi, yin zurfi, zuba 40 g na nitroammophoski kuma Mix da kyau tare da ƙasa.
- Rage seedling a cikin ramin kuma sanya shi domin tushen wuyansa ya zame tare da ƙasa.
- Yayyafa tushen da ƙasa kuma ya matse farfajiya.
Rasberi rasberi saita a tsakiyar ramin kuma yafa masa ƙasa
- Ruwa da seedling sosai.
- Ciyawa sama na kasar gona da peat, rotted sawdust ko takin.
- Gyara harbe har zuwa girman kusan 30 cm, barin barin kwanukan barci.
Shuke-shuke da aka shuka itace, sun bar 5-6 buds
Wannan duk dabara ce. Don ingantaccen haɓaka da girbi mai wadatacce, rasberi zai buƙaci sarari, don haka nisa tsakanin rami ya kamata ya zama cm 80-100, kuma tsakanin layuka 1.5 mita.
Tren saukarwa
Mutane da yawa lambu fi son mai tare mahara rasberi dasa. Yana da za'ayi m guda kamar saukarwa a cikin ramuka. Nisa tsakanin rami yakamata ya zama m 1 m, kuma nisan dake tsakanin thean tsaran 40 cm ne.
Mulki farfajiya a cikin maɓuɓɓugar za ta riƙe danshi kuma ya inganta ƙasa
Masana sun ba da shawarar dasa shuki raspberries a kan yumɓun yumɓu akan yumɓun yumɓu, wato, bayan dasawa, tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama 10-15 cm sama da ƙasa. Wannan hanyar zata kare mutuncin seedlings daga tururuwa na ruwa a cikin kasa, wanda yawanci yakan faru a wuraren yumbu bayan ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
Dasa bishiyoyi a cikin rami ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa: idan ƙasa ta jika - an dasa su a kan tuddai, idan ya bushe - yi amfani da hanyar zurfin ciki
Na dasa shuki raspberries shekaru biyar da suka gabata a cikin bazara a cikin ramuka tare da shinge. Har yanzu muna samun rukunin yanar gizon - gwamnatin ta yanke wannan budurwa. A kasar gona mara kyau loam, don haka dasa a ramuka tare da tawayar ya juya ya zama quite dace. Na cika ramuka tare da takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana, ƙara ash, amma dole in yi ba tare da kwayoyin halitta ba - babu takin ko takin. A lokacin bazara, ya mulched da ciyawa mowed kuma shayar da taki kore. A cikin shekara ta biyu, an girbe amfanin farko, ba mai wadata ba, amma a garemu yana da kyau. Abubuwa sun ci gaba sosai - takin ƙasa daga ciyawa da yawan shayarwa na yau da kullun, da yawaita bushewar rago sun fi saurin rami. My bushes girma cikin layuka biyu, a kan trellises, wanda ya dace sosai. Rasberi ya girma kuma tun a shekara ta uku, yana da ban mamaki da jin daɗin tare da kyakkyawan girbi, kodayake ba manya bane, amma mai daɗin ci da ƙanshi.
Bidiyo: yadda za a shirya maɓuɓɓuga
Siffofin dasa shuki "daidaitaccen" raspberries
Rasberi don ƙirƙirar ta hanyar "itacen rasberi" mafi yawanci ana shuka su a cikin ramuka 50 cm fadi da zurfi 50 cm. Tun da tushe aka kafa daga shoot, nisa tsakanin bushes ya kamata fi na talakawa raspberries - 1 m tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere da 2 m tsakanin layuka. Sauran saukowa babu bambanci da saba.
Itatattun bishiyoyi akasari ana shuka su ne a cikin rami.
Hanyoyi don dasa bishiyoyi a cikin bazara
Lokacin bazara shine mafi kyawun lokacin don yaduwa raspberries ta yanke. Yanke na iya zama tushe - sassan gishiyoyin da suka yi fure da kore - a yanka daga harbin. Duk waɗannan suna da waɗanda ke da tushe sosai, yayin da dukkanin halaye masu ɗimbin yawa na daji igiyar ciki ke watsa su ga matattarar shuka.
Yaduwa da tushen cuttings
Tushen Tushen ana girbe su a cikin bazara, lokacin da ake dasa bishiyoyi zuwa sabon wuri. Yankunan Tushen Tushen tare da rassan a kaikaice an rabu da babban tushe kuma an dasa shi a cikin shirye. Gidan shimfiɗa tare da ƙasa mai dausayi, wanda aka shirya a wuri mai inuwa, ya fi dacewa da waɗannan dalilai. Idan ba a shirya dasa rasberi, zaku iya ɓoye tushen a hankali kwance daga daji, ku yanke shi ku raba shi.
Kimanin wata daya daga baya, tsire-tsire matasa zasu bayyana a kan tushen ƙwaya
Mataki-mataki-mataki na aiki tare da tushen cuttings:
- Tona tsagi 5-7 cm zurfi a kan gado.
- Sanya yanke a cikin tsagi a nesa na 5-10 cm daga juna.
Shirye-shiryen tushen tushe an sanya su a cikin tsagi
- Yanke yankan tare da kasar gona, adon ruwa da ruwa.
- Ciyawa ƙasa na kowane irin abu - peat, sawdust, takin ko agrofibre.
- Rufe gadon lambun tare da filastik filastik, shirya karamin greenhouse.
A ƙarƙashin murfin fim, ana riƙe da ƙara zafi da zafi, kuma waɗannan mahimman yanayi ne na tushen
Gashi ya kamata ya kula da yawan zafin jiki na 22-25 game daC da zafi mai zafi .. Don hana katsewa daga fashewa, dole ne a fitar da greenhouse a kowace rana. A cikin yanayi mai gajimare, ya isa buɗe buhunan kore sau ɗaya a rana don minti 10-15. A ranakun zafi, yana da kyau a bar iska ta buɗe ta ɗaga fim ɗin a gefe ɗaya, in ba haka ba seedlings na iya ƙonewa.
Da zaran matasa harbe suka bayyana, dole ne a maye gurbin fim ɗin tare da agrofibre. Abu ne wanda ba a ke so ya buɗe gado ba kwata-kwata - har zuwa lokacin da seedlings suka girma, suna buƙatar yanayin greenhouse - ƙaruwar zafi da rashin iska. Transferredarfafa da kuma girma tsire suna canjawa wuri zuwa dindindin wuri tare da dunƙule na duniya, za i wani shiru hadari rana domin dasawa.
Dasa bishiyar rasberi kore domin tsiro
Green yanke suna daga matasa karfi harbe na raspberries, wanda yawanci bayyana a ƙarshen May - farkon Yuni. Kuna iya tushen ganyen a gida a cikin akwati, amma yana da kyau a shirya ƙaramin greenhouse a cikin wani gefen kusurwar Inuwa. Yana da mahimmanci don kula da zafi sosai yayin rooting kuma tabbatar da cewa yawan zafin jiki na iska shine 22-25 game daC.
Mataki-mataki-mataki na yaduwa ta hanyar kore kore:
- Yanke shoot a cikin sassan tare da internodes guda biyu - sashin na sama madaidaiciya ne, ƙananan yana oblique.
- Yanke ƙananan ganyayyaki, rage ga babba domin mangwaron baya rasa danshi.
Lokacin shirya itacen rasberi don rooting, cire duk ƙananan ganye
- Yin amfani da wuka mai tsabta, toka saman abin hannuna zuwa tsayin 2-3 cm daga gindin ƙasa.
- Don ƙura da ƙananan yanke da sashin da aka goge tare da Kornevin.
- A cikin akwati cike da cakuda ƙasa mai laushi da yashi 1: 1, yi rami tare da sanda (idan ana aiwatar da rooting a gonar - yi daidai a cikin yankin da aka tsara).
- Saka mari a cikin ramin a kwana na 45game da kuma latsa ƙasa.
- Danshi ƙasa slightlyan kadan da rufe akwati tare da fim a cikin nau'in greenhouse.
Itace kore yana da tushe a cikin cakuda yashi da ƙasa ko cikin yashi mai tsabta.
Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda don tushen, kuma duk wannan lokacin dole ne a fitar da hujin cikin kullun don mintuna 10-15. Lokacin da tsiron ya fara girma, ana iya dasa seedling a wuri mai ɗorewa a gonar. Yana da kyau a rufe matasa shuka da agrofibre hula - wannan zai kare seedling daga rana da iska, kuma shan tushe a cikin sabon wuri zai zama mara zafi.
Yaduwa daga tushen zuriya
Offspringa Rootan Tushen suna tsiro ne daga asalin adnexal dake ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Irin wannan seedling yana da tushen tushe da tushe mai tushe, saboda haka za'a iya rabuwa da shuka daga mahaifiyar kuma nan da nan aka watsa shi wani sabon wuri.
Lingsan’uwa suna girma daga adnexal buds da ke kan tushen rasberi
Zai fi kyau a ɗauki ƙananan ƙananan leɓuɓɓuka zuwa 20 cm tsayi. Tsarin dasa 10x30 cm. Dole ne a cire saman seedling kuma ya tsage na uku na duk ganye.
Ana yin aikin a cikin yanayin ruwa ko ruwa, sannan kuma an dasa shuki a farkon makonni biyu na farko.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki tare da 'ya'yan itace Rashan
Siffofin dasa shuki a cikin yankuna
An dasa shuki na bazara a cikin yankuna bisa ga makircin da aka riga aka bayyana. Bambancin na iya kasancewa saboda lokacin - a cikin Ukraine, Belarus da sauran wurare masu jin daɗin ci gaba, dasawar bazara yana farawa a farkon Afrilu, kuma a cikin yankin Leningrad, a cikin Urals, a Siberiya, ana dasa shuki raspberries kaɗan daga baya - daga rabin na biyu na Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Mayu.
Ina so in kula da zaɓin iri-iri. A bu mai kyau ku sayi kayan dasa a cikin gandun daji na gida - to, babu alamun mamaki. Seedauren da aka shuka a cikin Ukraine ko a Kuban ba zai zama da sauƙi a cikin Altai Territory ba, saboda lokacin bazara yayi sanyi a can kuma babu ƙasa sosai. Kuma masu samarwa na gida zasu ba da nau'ikan yankuna waɗanda ke ɗaukar tushe da cikakkiyar 'ya'yan itace a wannan yankin. Kowane gandun daji mai mahimmanci yana da nasa shafin tare da kundin tsire-tsire. Kafin sayen seedlings, kada ku kasance m, karanta bayanin nau'ikan da aka gabatar - wannan zai taimaka wajen yin zaɓin da ya dace.
Kwararru a cikin gandun daji na gida zasu taimaka wajen tantance iri da bayar da shawarwari don kula da kabejin.
Abubuwan bazara na dasa shuki a lokacin bazara ayyukan gida ne masu daɗi. Idan kun kusanci wannan lamari sosai kuma sosai - zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace da yankin, hanyar dasawa da ta dace da nau'in ƙasa, da wuri mai kyau a cikin lambun, to nasarar ba zata daɗe da zuwa ba, saboda ƙarin kulawa da shuka gaba ɗaya ba'a haɗa shi ba.
