Cineraria wata itaciya ce da ke da furanni masu haske da kyawawan kyawawan launuka na azurfa mai ban mamaki. Ya kasance ga dangin Astrov. Wurin haifuwar furen shine Afirka ta Kudu, amma daskararren ciyawarsa sun shahara kamar amfanin gona da kuma tsakiyar tsakiyar Rasha. Ana amfani dasu don shinge shimfidar wurare da gadaje fure. Iri dake hade da yalwar launuka daban-daban na launuka iri daban-daban zasu roki dukkan lambu. An fassara sunan tsire-tsire kamar "ashen". Wannan yana nuna launin launi mai laushi, ganye mai laushi. Furen yana da kyau sosai saboda ba zai bar kowa ba da kulawa. Godiya ga rashin fassararsa, kulawa da ita mai sauqi qwarai.
Bayanin Shuka
Cineraria - ciyawa ko ciyawa tare da shisshigi tare da madaidaiciya, harbe sosai. Tsawon tsire-tsire ya kai cm 30 zuwa 90. Itatuwan tsire-tsire sun ciyar da daskararren sanda, wanda yake zurfafa zuwa cikin ƙasa.
Manyan ganyayyaki masu girma na sikila mai fasalin launi, ko m ko kuma fasalin da aka yanke akan girma yana girma tare da tsawon tsawon mai tushe. Filin danshi da ganyen an lullube shi da dan gajeren laushi mai laushi-azurfa. Ganyen suna da girma da yawa kuma suna samar da wata turjiya mai taushi.
A tsakiyar watan Yuni, inflorescences-kwanduna Bloom a kan fi na harbe. Su masu sauki ne ko terry. Tare da gefen waje, layuka da yawa na furanni masu launin shuɗi, ja, fari, shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Matsakaicin lush tare da launuka masu tubular ba'a iyakance zuwa launi ɗaya ba, yana iya zama rawaya, azurfa, shuɗi ko shunayya.
Canza juna, inflorescences na cineraria Bloom har tsakiyar kaka, har sai sanyi ya zo. Bayan pollination, bushe iri bolls ripen, ciki wanda akwai kananan oblong tsaba na duhu launin ruwan kasa, kusan baki launi.
Iri Cineraria
Halin ilimin cineraria ya haɗa da tsire-tsire masu dozin da yawa. Amma a cikin al'adun gargajiyar shahararrun 'yan kaɗan ne kawai da kuma nau'ikan kayan ado. A zahiri, sun kasu kashi-kashi na kayan ado da tsire-tsire na fure.
Gaban tekun Cineraria (azurfa). Shuka itace mai perenni, amma a cikin yanayin masu ruwan sanyi ana girma a gonar a matsayin shekara-shekara. Ya shahara saboda furen kayan ado. An rarraba faranti na ganye mai laushi zuwa kashi na bakin ciki. An fentin su a cikin launi mai haske mai duhu kuma an rufe su da yawa tare da murfin silvery-ash mai taushi. Ganyayyaki yana cike da laushi da yawa tare da tsawon tsawon mai tushe, suna girma zuwa dunƙule masu yawa. Furannin ruwan cineraria ba kyawawa bane. Ta narke kwandunan rawaya waɗanda ba su da kyau tare da ciyawar ash-azurfa. Sabili da haka, yawancin lambu suna yanka buds kafin su buɗe. Ana amfani da nau'in halittar cikin shimfidar lambu sosai. Iri:
- Dusturar ƙura ta azurfa - ƙwararriyar fure (har zuwa 25 cm) tare da ciyawar buɗe ido;
- Cirrus - siffofin mafi girma (game da 45 cm), sako-sako da lokacin farin ciki tare da m serrated leaflet.
Cineraria na jini ne. Tun da wannan nau'in ya dace da haɓakar cikin gida, ana kiransa "yawancin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na cikin gida." A iri-iri ne sananne saboda yawan haske furanni. Kyakkyawan, mai laushi mai zurfi mai zurfi har zuwa 70 cm high an rufe shi da buɗewar furanni mai haske ko ganye mai kyau. A rabi na biyu na bazara, an rufe daji da babban hat na furanni masu haske na launuka daban-daban. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Grandiflora - tsaka-tsakin itace 50-70 cm tsayi, fure fure mai sauƙi inflorescences-kwanduna tare da diamita na 5-8 cm;
- Double - bushes 35-70 cm manyan fure furanni tare da diamita na har zuwa 5 cm, ana zana filayensu a cikin launuka 2 masu bambanci;
- Kwandon shara - harbi tare da tsayin fure 70-90 cm a cikin ƙananan kwanduna (2-4 cm) tare da ƙananan kunkuntar furanni masu launin masu kama da na taurari.
Cineraria kyakkyawa ce. Highlyaƙƙarfan itace mai tushe na shuka ya samar da kusan keɓaɓɓun ɗan ƙasa game da santimita 60. Ganyayyaki da mai tushe an rufe shi da tari mai ƙarfi. Andan kwalliya masu sauƙi da kwanduna-kwanduna suna girma cikin ƙungiyoyi, suna samar da babban corymbose inflorescence akan kara guda ɗaya. Kungiyoyin kwalliya na ado sun shahara sosai:
- Nana - tsire-tsire har zuwa 25 cm tsayi an rufe shi da manyan furanni, masu kama da taurari tare da burgundy core da furannin ruwan hoda;
- Ligulosus - bushes-matsakaici-sized tare da yalwataccen terry flowering na yawancin sautunan da aka cika da yawa.
Ka'idojin kiwo
An samar da haɓakar cineraria daga tsaba. Tunda yana da dogon girma lokacin shuka, ana shuka amfanin gona daga Disamba zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu. A cikin maganar ta ƙarshe, fure zai zo a cikin fall. Babban narkarda sinadarin marine daga zuriya yana farawa a ƙarshen Maris, tunda ba lallai ba ne jiran furencinta, kuma kayan kwalliya na ado zasu gamshi a watan Mayu.
Yana da Dole a shirya akwatuna tare da yashi da peat ƙasa. An rarraba ƙananan tsaba a farfajiya kuma an matse shi ta amfani da mai mulki. Bayan wannan, an yayyafa duniya kuma an rufe akwatin da tsare. Harbe mai kyau yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10, bayan haka an cire tsari nan da nan kuma an canja akwatin zuwa wurin da yake da ƙima tare da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 22 ° C.
Lokacin da seedlings girma 2 real ganye, suna tattara mutum peat tukwane. Saboda pivot rhizome, cigaba da yaduwar cineraria na iya zama mai raɗaɗi. Bayan an ɗora, ana adana shuki a zazzabi da ba ya wuce + 15 ° C. A watan Mayu, lokacin da frosts wuce, sun dasa a cikin ƙasa bude tare da peat tukwane.
Don yada nau'ikan kayan ado, gami da sinadarin seaside, yi amfani da hanyar yanka. A lokacin rani, ya isa ya yanke saman ɗanɗana game da tsayin cm 10. An dasa shi cikin kwalin da yashi da ƙasan peat. Kafin dasa shuki, ana kula da yanki tare da Kornevin. Tsawon lokacin karbuwa, an rufe dunƙulen da kwalaben filastik ko fim. Lokacin da tushensu ya bayyana, sai su fara rufewa. Da farko, an buɗe dabbobin don sa'o'i da yawa a rana, sannan gaba ɗaya. A cikin bazara da farkon hunturu, an bar 'ya'yan itacen a cikin kwantena kuma a cikin hunturu ana shigar da su cikin ɗaki mai sanyi. Bazara mai zuwa, zaku iya dasa cineraria a cikin bude ƙasa.
Largean daji, ingantaccen daji na iya yaduwa ta rarrabuwa. Don yin wannan, a watan Mayu-Agusta, ana aiwatar da juyawa tare da rabuwa na lokaci daya daga tushen kuma harbe zuwa kananan yankuna da dama mai tushe. Nan da nan bayan dasa, ana ajiye tsire a cikin wuri mai sanyi, mai inuwa. Bayan daidaitawa, suna girma kamar yadda suka saba.
Saukowa da kulawa
Don dasawa, cineraria zabi wani yanki mai cike da haske mai duhu da rana. Dankin yana son haske mai haske, amma a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye ganye an rufe shi da aibobi launin ruwan wuta (ƙonewa).
Kasar gona. Tona ƙasa a shafin. Kafin dasawa, ana shigar da karamin yashi, peat da takin a cikin filin budewa. Notoƙarin kada ku lalata tsarin tushen, ana shuka seedlings a cikin ramuka mara iyaka tare da nesa na 20-25 cm. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da ƙasa, a ɗauka da sauƙi tare da peat. Cineraria na cikin gida ana shuka shi ne a cikin tukwane masu matsakaici. Yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa na ganye, takin da peat. Yana da amfani don ƙara ƙananan kayan haushi da ash a cikin substrate. Ci gaba da kula da shuka ba complicated.
Zazzabi Cineraria fi son abun ciki mai sanyi. Tana jin mafi kyawun yanayi a zazzabi + 15 ... + 18 ° C. A lokacin da dumama zuwa + 20 ° C da sama, na bakin ciki harbe da ganye fara wither. A dare, tsire-tsire suna tsayayya da sanyi zuwa + 5 ° C. Idan aka dasa cineraria a cikin akwati, to, daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara zuwa Oktoba ana ajiye shi a kan veranda ko baranda tare da yawan ambaliyar ruwa sabo.
Haushi. Itace tana buƙatar tsananin zafi, amma ba a so a fesa ta saboda tari a jikin ciyawar. Sabili da haka, an sanya pallets tare da pebbles rigar ko yumɓu mai yumbu kusa da furanni. A cikin gonar, zaku iya zubar da ƙasa sosai a nesa daga tushen sa.
Watse. Cineraria na buƙatar yawan shayarwa, amma ruwa bai kamata ya ɓoye a cikin ƙasa ba, in ba haka ba ba za a iya guje wa tushen Tushen ba Bayan da ruwa, kana bukatar ka sassauta ƙasa lokaci-lokaci da karya m ɓawon burodi.
Taki. Shuka yana buƙatar miya na yau da kullun, suna dacewa musamman a cikin ƙasa mara kyau. Sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a wata, ana shayar da bushes tare da bayani na taki ma'adinan don ciyawar fure. A cikin bazara, ana amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙara yawan abun ciki na nitrogen don samar da kyawawan ganye, kuma a lokacin rani, ana amfani da hadadden babban kayan phosphorus, mai mahimmanci don fure. Sau da yawa a cikin kakar, ana maye gurbin kayan ma'adinai tare da kwayoyin halitta (mullein).
Mai jan tsami. Kamar yadda inflorescences ya bushe, dole ne a yanke su zuwa farkon ganye. Elongated bushes kuma rage.
Cin nasara. A cikin yanayi mai tsauri, cineraria tana hana mara kyau. Bushes sau da yawa daskare, saboda haka suna girma a cikin lambu kamar yadda tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara. A ƙarshen kaka, an lalata ƙarshen hargitsi, kuma aka haye ƙasa. Wasu lokuta a cikin kaka, an haƙa cineraria kuma a watsa shi cikin tukwane, wanda aka kawo a cikin ɗakuna mai haske, mai sanyi (sama da + 10 ... + 15 ° C). A irin wannan yanayi, zai iya ci gaba da yin fure. A lokacin bazara, ana kwashe bushes tare da tukwane zuwa gonar ko kuma a sake dasa su cikin bude ƙasa. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, cineraria na hibernates a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Don yin wannan, a tsayin 10-15 cm an rufe shi da katako mai ras ko rassa.
Cutar da kwari. Cineraria yana da tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Har ila yau, kwari suna daidaitawa akan sa da wuya. Mafi yawan lokuta yana da aphids, farin fararen fata da kuma mites gizo-gizo. Don kada parasite ya haifar da lahani da yawa, ya zama dole a bincika ciyayi akai-akai kuma a kula dashi da maganin kashe kwari cikin lokaci (Neoron, Fitoverm, Karbofos).
Cineraria a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Karamin fitila da haske ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin ado a kan iyakar ko gaban lambun fure. An dasa cineraria mai tsabta ta bayan furen tsire-tsire masu fure a cikin hanyar ƙetaren kayan ado a ƙasa, kamar yadda kuma a cikin kayan ƙirar mashin.
Auka iri-iri na yin ado da baranda da baranda sosai. Kuna iya amfani dasu a cikin lambun fure mai hade. Yawancin launuka da sifofi na inflorescences yana ba ku damar zaɓar samfurin da kuka fi so ko ƙirƙirar cineraria gaba ɗaya. Mafi kyawun abokan zama mata za su kasance lobelia, petunias, phlox, sage da marigolds.
Maganganun amfani da inflorescences lokacin yin bouquets suna da yawa. Reshe mai launuka masu haske da yawa suna kama da kyau a cikin kayan ado kuma baya lalacewa na dogon lokaci.
