Penstemon shine shuka iri na zamani ko shuka na shuki-iri. Ya kasance tare da dangin Norichen. Asalinta shine Arewacin da Amurka ta Tsakiya, jinsi ɗaya ya girma a Gabas ta Tsakiya da gabashin Asiya. Har yanzu dai ana iya ganin furanni a cikin lambunan gida. An rufe shi da hasken shudi mai haske wanda ya cancanci jan hankalin lambu. Suna da ban sha'awa da kamshi wanda tabbas zasu sami matsayin su a cikin lambun fure kuma zasu iya jawo kwalliya ba wai kawai maigidan wurin ba, har ma da duk bakin bakin sa. Penstemon blooms kawai a cikin tazara tsakanin bazara da kuma bazara furanni, ciko a kanta da voids a cikin flowerbed. Yana jefa kibiyoyi masu launi iri-iri, kamar wasan wuta mai haske.
Bayanin Botanical
Penstemon - tsire-tsire na tsatsauran tsinkaye tare da madaidaiciya mai tushe na 1-4 har zuwa 0.2-1.2 m .. Fentin da aka yi masu zagaye ko ribbon suna fentin launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Lanceolate ganye mai haske mai haske tare da ƙaƙƙarfan gefen da kuma an tattara ƙasa mai laushi a gindi a cikin maɓallin daskararren tushe. A kan harba suna girma gaba, ba tare da petioles ba.
Lokacin fure yana faduwa ne a watan Mayu-Yuni, lokacin da aka daɗe yana kwance inflorescence a cikin hanyar murhu yana tsiro a saman tushe. Ubuaramin tubular ko ƙararrawa mai launin kararrawa yana da siffar yatsun lebe biyu. Fentin furen Penstemon yana fentin launuka ɗaya ko sama. Petals su ne ruwan hoda, ja, shuɗi, shuɗi, rawaya, fari ko cream. Sau da yawa inuwa ta pharynx tana da sauki sosai. Tsawon ƙoƙon shine 1.5-2.5 cm starancin kan gado na duhu tare da duhu na rashin juna da ƙoshin mahaifa daga tsakiyar.
Bayan pollination, bivalve iri bolls tare da kadan, angular tsaba ripen. Tsaba an rufe ta da launin ruwan kasa mai laushi. A cikin kowace gram iri akwai kimanin raka'a dubu 10. Germination an kiyaye shi na shekaru biyu.
Jinsuna da nau'ikan ado
Halin ƙwayar penstemon yana da yawa sosai, ya haɗa da nau'ikan sama da 250. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin shahara a cikin siyarwa, kawai ana samun wasu daga cikinsu.
Penstemon gemu. Tsawon tsararren tsiro na ganye shine 70-90 cm. Yana da madaidaiciya, mai ƙarfi mai tushe wanda zai iya reshe ɗan kadan. An rufe harbin da fatar fata mai santsi mai haske, a kanta ta girma gaban lanceolate ko ganyen ovate tare da dogayen elongated, kaifi mai kaifi. A watan Yuni, tsattsauran tseren tsere na zurfin fure 25-30 cm tsayi furanni Tubular tare da diamita wanda ya kai 2.5 cm watannin da suka gabata na 1-1.5. Kayan fatarsu ruwan hoda ne ko ruwan hoda ja. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Coccineus - furanni mai launin shuɗi mara nauyi a kan mai tushe 60-120 cm tsayi;
- Hasumiyar Haske - Duhun itace 10-90 cm tsayi an rufe shi da manyan ganyayyaki na Lilac-kore da furanni fari-ruwan hoda;
- Rondo - tsire-tsire har zuwa 40 cm tsayi an yi wa ado da ja da purpaniki karrarawa;
- Rubycunda - manyan furanni masu launin Scarlet tare da farin farin makogwaro a tsakiyar watan Yuli akan harbe 50 cm tsayi;
- Iron Maiden - m mai tushe mai tushe cikakke a cikin inflorescence tare da ja kunkuntar-tubular buds.
Penisemon Digitalis. Abun kallo ya shahara saboda tsananin juriya da sanyi. Tsawan tsanarsa yakai santimita 60-120. An adana rosette na ganyen ganya duk shekara. A kan dogon harbe harbe, tubular cream ko pinkish furanni Bloom. Flow ya fara a watan Yuni. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Evelyn - ruwan hoda inflorescences yayi fure akan harbe kore mai haske;
- Husker ja - harbe da ganye ana zana a cikin kyawawan launuka na tagulla, ana iya rufe su da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari-furanni.
Penstemon yana da haske. Tsawon wannan tsararren shara ba ya ƙare cm 25. A gindin karar yana wani jujjuyawar ganye na lanceolate mai zagaye da zagaye. Ana yin zane da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Tsire-tsire suna yin tsayayya da sanyi, kuma a watan Mayu-Yuni sun harhaɗa launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Furanni tare da ɗan gajeren bututu da furanni mai faɗi a cikin diamita sune 2-2.5 cm.
Penstemon da suka Girma
Penstemon yana yaduwa ne ta zuriya da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Tsire-tsire suna da bambanci kuma suna iya jure wa kowane magudi. Penstemon namo daga tsaba yana farawa a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Da farko kuna buƙatar samun shuka. An rarraba tsaba a farfajiya da yashi da peat ƙasa a cikin kwalaye kuma a saka su cikin ɗakuna mai kyau, ɗumi mai ɗumi. Kuna iya yayyafa ƙananan tsaba da yashi. Dole ne a yayyafa kasar a kai a kai wanda ya sa a ko da yaushe ake danshi. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-14. Yaran sun girma a zazzabi na + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Lokacin da ganye na gaskiya guda biyu suka bayyana, seedlings sun shiga cikin tukwanen peat dabam. Tare da waɗannan tukwane, ana shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu.
A cikin yankuna na kudu, shuka ƙwayar penstemon kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa ana yin sa. Zai fi kyau yin wannan a cikin Nuwamba, to, seedlings zai bayyana a farkon bazara kuma fure zai faru da ɗan baya fiye da lokacin bazara.
Za'a iya rarraba babban daji na penstemon zuwa sassa da yawa. Don yin wannan, a farkon lokacin bazara, kana buƙatar tono ɗaukakar labulen, cire yawancin duniya kuma ka watsar da mai da hannunka. Delenki ya dasa a cikin ƙasa mai sabuntawa tare da nisan 35 cm.
A watan Mayu-Agusta, suna yin yankan. Don yin wannan, yanke harbe apical ba tare da furanni ba kuma a dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai laima. Ana yayyafa lingsan itacen, an rufe su da fim kuma a bar su a inuwa m.
Penstemon zai iya yaduwa ta hanyar sakawa. A cikin bazara, wasu harbe tare da taimakon slingshot an jera su a cikin ƙasa. Bayan makonni 2-3, tsiron ya fito da nasa irin rhizome kuma ana iya rabuwa da shuka daga uwar.
Kula da tsiro
Tabbas, penstemon zai iya dacewa da kusan kowane yanayin rayuwa, amma yana da daraja zaɓi yanayi mai dacewa don ita kuma bushes ɗin zai kasance yalwatacce tare da launuka masu launi.
Wurin. Tsire-tsire suna ƙaunar filayen budewa na rana, amma suna tsoron tsintar abubuwa da iska mai ƙarfi. An dasa Penstemon a kan sako-sako, ƙoshin ƙasa sosai tare da amsawar acid. Kafin dasa, kasar gona a hankali dug sama da seasoned da yalwa da rotted taki. Ilsasa mai ƙarfi dole ne a haɗe shi da yashi, ƙwaƙwalwa da shuɗi.
Yanawa. Wajibi ne don sako da kuma kwance ƙasa a kai a kai don iska ta shiga cikin asalin sa. Penstemons ba su yi haƙuri da ambaliya na ƙasa ba kuma tsayayyen ruwa a asalin sa. A saboda wannan dalili, ana tsintar da tsire-tsire na hunturu, kuma an cire dusar ƙanƙara da yawa don kada ruwa mai yawa ya tattara yayin thawing.
Watse. Ana shayar da tsirrai a kai a kai, amma saboda ƙasa ta bushe a tsakanin ruwa ban ruwa. A lokacin rani, ana yin ruwa kowace rana.
Taki. A kan kasa kasa, da penstemon daji girma da ƙarfi da blooms more yalwa. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da riguna masu tsayi na gargajiya, wanda ke sanya aƙalla sau uku a shekara. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a fara fure, an shayar da penstemon tare da bayani tare da babban abun cikin phosphorus.
Mai jan tsami. Dole ne a fitar da furen a kai a kai. Bayan fure, an cire wilted inflorescences. Hakanan an bushe ganye da bushewa lokaci-lokaci. Autar lokacin ne lokacin da ake girbi m. Kusan dukkan ɓangarorin ƙasa an cire su, wani lokacin barin rosette na ganye basal. Kowane shekaru 3-5, har ma tare da kulawa da ta dace, ana shimfida harbe kuma an fallasa shi, kuma inflorescences suna karami. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a sake farfado da bushes ɗin, yana maye gurbin tare da sabon ƙwaya ko seedlings.
Cin nasara. Penstemon an rufe shi da ganyayyaki da suka faɗi da cinya zuwa girman 10-15 cm Yana da mahimmanci a kula da yanayin ƙasa, saboda tsire-tsire sun fi saurin narkewa fiye da daskarewa.
Cutar da kwari. Penstemon yana da rigakafi mai ƙarfi, amma a cikin wurare masu laushi yana iya fama da cututtukan fungal. Wani lokacin fure yakan shafi wata cuta wacce harbe ta fara bushewa daga saman. Dole ne a cire kamuwa da cutar. Ba da da ewa ba matasa matasa lafiya harbe zai bayyana daga ƙasa. Kwayar cutar Penstemon ba ta kai hare-hare ba, don haka ba lallai ne ku damu da kare kan kwari ba.
Amfani da lambun
Penstemon yana girma cikin hanzari kuma ya kafa babban daji, shimfidar daji, an rufe shi da inflorescences mai haske. Abin ado ne sosai, amma baya samun daidaituwa da maƙwabta a cikin lambun fure. Sabili da haka, an fi so a girma alkalami a wani ɗan nesa daga wasu furanni ko amfani da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, m. Ana amfani da furen don yin shinge kan iyakoki, lambunan dutse da manyan gadaje na fure. Kodayake ba su daɗewa a yanke ta inflorescences, suna da kyau a cikin bouquets.
