Jatropha - dasa, girma da kulawa a gida, nau'in hoto

Jatropha (Jatropha) - ɗan itace mai nasara mai lalacewa daga dangin Euphorbiaceae. A vivo, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin hamada ta Tsakiyar Amurka da Afirka, kuma mahaifar Jatropha ita ce tsibirin Caribbean. Ana amfani da shuka don ƙirƙirar shinge, wuraren shakatawa na shimfidar wuri.

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, jatropha zai iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 15 kuma ya kai 0, 8 m. Yana girma cikin sauri, yana ƙaruwa 20 - 35 cm a kowace shekara. Ture mai tsayi mai tsayi na itace yana da sifofi mai kama da sabon abu, wanda aka fadada shi a gindi da famfo a saman. A cikin bazara, farawa yake farawa. Zai iya wuce duk lokacin bazara. Ruwan Jatropha milky mai guba ne, kodayake wasu nau'ikan fure suna da warkarwa mai warkarwa.

M kaddarorin jatropha

Abubuwan da ba a yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci, sannu a hankali sun rasa ƙimar asalin su, suna juyawa cikin sharar. Jimlar tarawa yana haifar da tasirin makamashi. Rashin ingantaccen makamashi na ciki, sharar hanyoyi yana yiwuwa hanyoyin samun lafiya, yana hana ci gaba.

Zai yi wuya mu kasance cikin irin wannan yanayin. Rikice-rikice koyaushe yana faruwa a nan, kuma lafiyar ta lalace. A cikin gidan da yayi kama da shago, yana da kyau a sami jatropha. Furen yana mayar da zagayowar makamashi kuma yana warkar da kwararar kuzarin.

Kula da jatropha a gida. A takaice

Jatropha yana girma da kyau a gida, amma wani lokacin akwai ƙananan matsaloli yayin girma. Yana da mahimmanci a san abubuwan da ake son shuka da kuma ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa don ita. Mafi kyawun jatropha sune:

Kula da jatropha a gida. Daki-daki

Home jatropha - mai shuka mai yarda kuma kusan ba mai ɗaukar hoto ba. Ya saba da rayuwar cikin gida. Amma aikin mai shi shine ƙirƙirar yanayi don fure wanda yake girma cikin jituwa, tare da nishaɗin nuna kyakkyawarsa.

Fitar jatropha

Jatropha fure yana farawa a farkon bazara kuma wani lokacin ya ci gaba har zuwa kaka. Karo na farko da jatropha yayi fure a cikin kusan shekaru 2. Flowersanan furanni murjani har zuwa 10 mm a diamita an tattara su cikin laima sako-sako. Sau da yawa sukan bayyana a gaban manyan ganyen dabino.

Umbrellas yana buɗewa a hankali kuma ya kasance a buɗe don wasu kwanaki. A cikin inflorescence daya, furanni namiji da mace suna kusa da juna. Mata sun daɗe suna riƙewa, na maza - ba su fi kwana ɗaya ba, amma bayan rufe sabon budo wani sabon tsari. Jatropha furanni masu kamshi ne. Sakamakon fure, an samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa na trihedral dauke da ƙwayoyin launin ruwan kasa.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Lokacin girma jatropha, yana da mahimmanci a lura da tsarin zafin jiki. A cikin hunturu, zubar zafin jiki na + 15 ° C ya halatta. A lokacin rani, ana ajiye fure a + 18 - 23 ° C. An yarda da abun ciki a zazzabi na ɗakin al'ada. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe halittar yanayi yayin hunturu.

Idan jatropha ya fara sauke ganye, ya zama dole a rage zafin zafin jiki zuwa digiri 2 - 3. Shuka ba ya son zayyana. Ko da a lokacin rani, ba sa ɗauke shi a waje.

Fesa

Jatropha a gida yana jure bushewar yau da kullun. Ba a bukatar yayyafa ruwa ba. Yayin da kake kula da shuka, a goge ganye lokaci-lokaci tare da zane mai laushi don cire ƙura.

Haske

Jatropha shine shuka mai daukar hoto, yana fifita haske mai yaduwa mai haske. Yana a kan windows yana fuskantar gabas ko yamma, yana kariya daga fuskantar kai tsaye zuwa hasken rana. Idan windows suna fuskantar arewa, furen zai iya saba da wurin da ke da inuwa. Amma lokaci-lokaci kuna buƙatar kunna hasken wuta. Thearamin jatropha, da ɗan inuwa mai haƙuri zai iya girma. A cikin bazara, suna koyar da haɓaka sa'o'in hasken rana a hankali.

Watse

Kamar kowane succulents, jatropha shine tsiro mai wadatar gaske. Yana kiyaye danshi a kasan tushe mai ƙarfi. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar watering matsakaici. Tsakanin shayarwa, yadudduka da babba na kasar gona yakamata ya bushe. Ga jatropha, gurɓar ruwa ya fi haɗari fiye da shaye shaye: tushen da shuka iya fara rot ko da da matsakaici substimi danshi. Yawancin lokaci ana shayar da kowace kwana 10 a cikin bazara. A cikin kaka, idan jatropha bai fara watsar da ganye ba, ana shayar da shi kwanaki 3 bayan ƙasa ta bushe.

Lokacin da aka jefar da ganyaye, ana hana ruwa kuma a sake sabuntawa kawai a lokacin bazara lokacin da sabbin buds suka bayyana. Yi amfani da ruwa mai ɗumi, ruwa mai sanyi. Yawan danshi yana haifar da juyawa daga tushe, faduwar ganyayyaki da mutuwar jatropha.

Tukunyar Jatropha

Furen jatropha a gida yana haɓaka jituwa kuma yana jin daɗi idan an zaɓi tukunya daidai. Tukunyar jatropha tana buƙatar ƙarami, isasshen isasshe kuma mai karko. Jatropha bai yarda da tururuwar danshi ba, saboda haka ana barin 1/3 na yawan tanki a ƙarƙashin matattarar magudanar ruwa, lallai ne akwai ramuka na magudanar a ƙasan.

Ilasa don jatropha

Jatropha ya gwammace ruwa mara amfani da sikirin da zazzagewa tare da tsayayyen acid (pH 6, 5 - 7, 5). Kuna iya siyar da cakuda ƙasa wadda aka yi da shirye-shiryen succulents ko shirya ƙasa don jatropha ta haɗuwa da ƙasa turf, peat, ƙasa mai ganye, vermiculite, perlite (don ɓangarorin biyu na ƙasa ganye ɗaukar kashi 1 na ragowar kayan haɗin).

Don haɓaka kayan aikin magudanar ruwa na daskararru, ana ƙara bulo bulo a ciki.

Taki da taki

Ciyar da takin zamani na taimaka wa shuka ta cika rashi na abinci, duba da gaisuwa kuma kyakkyawa. Kula da jatropha a gida ba ya nufin sanya maɗaukakkun riguna. A cikin hunturu, an haramta ciyar da abinci. An shuka tsire-tsire a cikin lokacin haɓaka mai ƙarfi (daga farkon Maris zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba) sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 30.

Tsarin ruwa na duniya na cacti, diluted a cikin rabin, ana amfani dashi bayan shayarwa. Ana yin riguna na sama da maraice ko a cikin yanayin hadari.

Juyawa Jatropha

Ana aiwatar da juyawar Jatropha ne bayan shekaru 2, 5. A tsakiyar Maris - Afrilu, ana sake dasa shuka a cikin sabon akwati. A lokacin jingina, dunƙule dunƙulen tushe a tushen ana kiyaye su da ƙarfi, saboda haka ƙarancin shuka yana da ƙasa da damuwa kamar yadda yake tare da juyawa na al'ada.

An faɗaɗa yumɓu a ƙasan babban tukunya maras nauyi da maɓallin wanda aka sanya shuka wanda aka rufe shi da sauran ragowar, haɗa shi a kusa da tushen don babu iska a cikin iska. Yana da mahimmanci kada a zurfafa matsayin ci gaban ba, in ba haka ba jatropha ba zai inganta ba. An shayar da shuka sosai kuma an shayar da shi. A cikin makonni biyu yana yiwuwa a ciyar da shi.

Yadda ake shuka jatropha

Tumbi biri zai iya haifar da saka irin shuka. Amma a jatropha, ba a yanke sashin babba saboda kar ya gurbata ainihin asalin fure. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da pruning don dalilai na tsabta don cire ganye masu launin rawaya da lalace.

Lokacin hutawa na Jatropha

Lokacin hutawa na jatropha ya fadi a cikin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, ana sa furen a zazzabi na ɗakin talakawa, ba tare da canza hasken da aka saba ba. Kada ku ciyar kuma kar a ruwa.

Shin zai yiwu ka bar jatropha ba tare da barin hutu ba?

Jatropha yana jure rashin rakiyar masu masauki, musamman idan lokacin hutu ya sauka a lokacin hunturu. Kuna iya barin cikin natsuwa: a cikin hunturu, furen yana hutawa. Kafin barin, itaciyar ba ma shayar da shi. Idan kuna shirin tafiya hutu don makonni 2 a lokacin bazara, furen ya shayar da kyau kafin tashi kuma an sanya shi a wani wuri mai kariya daga daftarin da hasken rana kai tsaye.

Tare da kasancewa mafi tsawo a cikin bazara, dole ne ku nemi dangi don kula da fure.

Jatropha kiwo

Jatropha yaduwa a gida ana yin shi ta hanyar apical cuttings da tsaba.

Girma jatropha daga tsaba

Shuka ba shi da wahala saboda yana da wahala ka sami sabo tsaba: sun rasa haɓakarsu a cikin watanni 2 bayan girbi.

• Shuka sama da ƙasa a kan ƙasa mai laima.
• Rufe tare da fim ko gilashi kuma bar a + 23 ° C.
• An cire tsari don ba da iska da kuma ruwan 'ya'yan itacen.
• Karofin farko na farko yakan bayyana ne bayan sati 2.
• Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya sai a sake su cikin kwantena daban.
• Tsire-tsire suna girma da sauri. Yaran ganye suna da siffar zagaye, a cikin shekaru 1, 5 zasu zama dabin-dabino. A hankali, gangar jikin zata yi kauri.

Jatropha yaduwa ta hanyar yankan

Yaduwa da itace mai sauki ne. Tushen apical cuttings, tsawon wanda ya kai 15 cm, suna kafe.

• A sararin sama, raunin ya bushe har sai ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya daina fitowa waje.
• An sanya cutlery a cikin wani bayani na stimulator na tushen samuwar.
• An dasa su a cikin ƙasa kuma an rufe su da jakar filastik ko kwalban filastik mai yanka (ana yin ramuka a cikin tsari don haka seedlingsa seedlingsan "numfashi").
• A zazzabi na + 27 ° C, Tushen zai bayyana a kusan wata guda.
• An cire tsari kuma ana dasa tsiron a cikin wani akwati.
• An yanke yankan ta hanyar sanya safofin hannu don hana ruwan mai guba daga hannu.

Ana amfani da hanyoyin kiwo biyu a lokacin bazara. Lokacin zabar wata hanya, dole ne a tuna cewa akwai hanya mai nisa da za'a tafi daga zuriya zuwa shuka, kuma sakamakon da aka samu na shuka na iya zama ya bambanta da misalin uwa.

Cutar da kwari

Jatropha tsire-tsire ne mai wuya, amma wani lokacin cutar da kwari take shafar shi. Yawancin lokaci rashin kula yana haifar da waɗannan matsaloli:

• ganyen jatropha ya bushe - wuce haddi danshi (daidaita ruwa);
• ganyayyakin jatropha sun fashe - rashin haske (sake shiryawa a wani wuri mai haske);
• matasa ganyen shuka sun yi kankane - karancin abinci mai gina jiki (abinci);
• ƙananan ganyen jatropha sun zama rawaya kuma sun faɗi - tsari na halitta (wajibi ne don cire ganye lalacewa a cikin lokaci);
• jatropha Tushen rot - wuce haddi danshi; ana amfani da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa (rage yawan ruwan da aka ɗora don ban ruwa; yi amfani da ruwan dumi);
• ganye jatropha ya zama rawaya ya faɗi - kai harin na mite gizo-gizo (an wanke kwari da ruwa mai dumi, an kula da fure tare da maganin kashe kwari);
• furanni sun fadi - lalacewar jatropha ta thrips (a hankali a wanke ruwa mara ruwa daga harbe da ganyen kwari, sannan a kula da shuka da maganin kashe kwari);
• jatropha ya fara girma a hankali - overfeeding na shuka (ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin nau'in diluted, kuma kawai a cikin ƙasa mai laushi).

Wani lokaci jatropha yana shafawa daga farin fari, sitiri, ƙwayar gizo-gizo, mealybugs, kwari masu kwari.

Nau'in jatropha na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan jatropha 150 ne. A gida, wasu daga cikinsu ana noma su.

Gout Jatropha (Jatropha podagrica)

Tsarin tsiro har zuwa m 1. Girma mai kauri yana kama da amphora. Ganyayyaki suna fitowa daga baya fiye da furanni kuma sun ƙunshi sassan 5 zagaye tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen. Jimlar diamita na farantin ganye ya kai cm 20. Matasan ganye matasa masu launin kore mai haske. Daga baya sun yi duhu, sun rasa luster. Partashin ɓangaren ganyayyaki da petiole sune launin toka-mai haske. An tattara ƙananan furanni masu haske a cikin inflorescences - laima. Peduncles ci gaba a hankali. Fulawa yana tsawan wata daya.

Yatattarar Jatropha (Jatropha multifida)

Tsawon zai iya kai mita 2.5. 2.5ayoyin ganye suna da duhu kore tare da launin toka mai haske (cibiyar tana da sauƙi fiye da gefuna). Wide (har zuwa 25 cm) ganye sun kasu kashi 6 -11 lobes. A lokacin saurayi, daji yayi kama da dabino. Tall peduncles tare da kananan murjani fure suna tashi sama da ganye.

Jatropha kumara (Jatropha cathartica) Jatropha kumar

Busharancin daji. Tsawon tushe yana game da 35 cm, diamita na ƙananan ɓangaren kara shine 15 - 25. cm ganye mai launin dabino masu launin shuɗi suna da ɗanɗano mai launin toka da ƙananan haƙoran a gefuna. Loose inflorescences kunshi furanni ruwan hoda mai haske.

Jatropha tsire ne mai godiya. Saboda mayar da hankali ga kulawa ta farko, za ta ba da dogon fure, tare da bayyana ɗumbin murjani mai haske a kan karar da ba ta dace ba.