Mattiola wani ciyayi ne mai fure wanda ya zo mana daga Bahar Rum. Ya kasance ga dangin Crucifer. Fitowar matthiola yana da tsaka-tsaki, amma ƙanshin furanni yana da kyau sosai wanda galibi saboda hakan yasa ana sanya shuka wani wuri a cikin lambun fure. Suna dasa shi kusa da arbor, terraces ko windows of gidan. Tun da furanni suna buɗewa da dare, yawancin lokaci ana kiran Mattiola "violet na dare" ko "levka."
Bayanin Shuka
Matthiola shine amfanin gona na shekara-shekara ko na shuki tare da ciyawar da aka dasa harbe 30-90 cm tsayi. An rufe su da tsirara ko densely pubescent duhu kore fata. Kwayar Matthiola ta ƙunshi babban ganye mai laushi. Ruhun kore mai ruwan duhu mai launi mai duhu tare da duka ko gefen ɓoye an mayar da hankali ne a gindi da kuma a ƙasan harbin.
Tuni a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin farin ciki launin tomose ya yi fure akan fiɗa na mai tushe. Sun ƙunshi furanni masu sauƙi ko biyu tare da fure mai zagaye. Launi na inflorescences na iya zama ruwan hoda, fari, lilac, purple ko rawaya. Furanni na yin fure a faɗuwar rana kuma kwari ne da ba su kamu ba. Iskar kusa da gadon filawa tana cike da ƙanshin ƙanshi mai daɗin gaske. Tsirrai suna da kyawawan tsire-tsire na zuma. Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - karamin oblate pods. Kowane ya ƙunshi tsaba masu yawa na siffar zagaye. Tsaba launin ruwan kasa ne ko baƙi.
Nau'in Mattiola
Halin matthiola ya hada da manyan nau'ikan 50. Fiye da nau'ikan kayan ado 600 sun riga an gasa su bisa tushen su. Ana iya raba tsire-tsire zuwa rukuni bisa ga tsayi (dwarf, matsakaici, tsayi), tsarin furen (mai sauƙi, ninki biyu) da sauran alamun. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun matthiol sune kamar haka:
Mattiola bicorn ne. A shekara-shekara tare da na bakin ciki, mai girma katako mai girma nau'i mai shimfidawa na daji game da santimita 50. harbe an rufe shi da launin toka-kore mai foda mai launin shuɗi. A Yuni-Agusta, m panicle inflorescences Bloom tare da sauki, hudu-petal corollas. An fentin su a cikin ruwan hoda mai haske ko ruwan hoda mai launi da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Bayan pollination a cikin karamin m pods, kananan oblong tsaba ripen.
Mattiola launin toka. Plantungiyar shuka kowace shekara tare da harbe mai rauni mai nauyin 20-80 cm mai tsayi. An rufe su da ɗimbin ɗumbin ɗumbin maɗaukaki ko keɓaɓɓiyar ɗanɗano tare da ɗanɗano tazara. Ana tattara furanni masu sauƙi ko biyu a cikin babban inflorescences akan firam na harbe. An zane su da ruwan hoda, fari, shuɗi, Lilac, rawaya da ruwan hoda mai haske. Irin wannan fure na levkoy a watan Yuni kuma yana adana furanni har zuwa lokacin sanyi na farko. A kudu zai iya yin fure har cikin hunturu. 'Ya'yan itacen, ɗakin kwana mai faifan filayen, mai ɗorewa ne kawai a cikin kayan furanni tare da furanni masu sauƙi.
Mattiola yana da ƙanshi. Tsawon tsirrai mai tsiro mai tsiro 20-30 cm ne.Ga mai tushe da ganyen suna fentin koren duhu kuma an lullube su da tsananin farin ciki na azurfa. Ganyayyaki na samar da kazamar basur mai kauri. Ganyayyaki masu jinkiri suna da sifo mai kama da juna. A watan Mayu-Yuni, sako-sako da tsefe roba inflorescence na sauki yellow-kasa-kasa furanni fure. A buds bude a faɗuwar rana da exude halayyar karfi ƙanshi.
Levkoy namo
Babban hanyar yada matthiola shine shuka iri. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana iya shuka amfanin gona nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude. Yi wannan a watan Nuwamba ko Afrilu a cikin wani yanki mai buɗa ido, rana. A cikin m grooves kokarin a ko'ina rarraba kananan tsaba. A baya can, sun haɗu da yashi. Lokacin da forma forman suka tsiro ganye 3 na gaskiya, ana fitar da su tazara don nisan nisa 15-20 cm.
Don samun tsire-tsire fure da wuri-wuri, ana bada shawara don fara shuka seedlings. A farkon Maris, ana rarraba tsaba a cikin kwantena tare da cakuda ƙasa turɓaya da yashi zuwa zurfin 5 mm. Yana da amfani a pre-jiƙa su da yawa hours a cikin wani bayani na manganese. Isasa tana dafe sosai kuma ana tura akwatuna zuwa ɗakunan da ke cike da wuta da + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 3-4, bayan makonni 2, seedlings ya nutse cikin tukwane na peat dabam ko kofuna waɗanda za'a iya cirewa.
Shuka seedlings a cikin kore na ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Sannan, a sati, ana ɗaukar furanni a waje na awoyi da yawa don fusata su. A karshen watan Afrilu, yana yiwuwa a kasa matthiola a cikin fili. Ya rigaya ya iya jure ƙananan dawowar sanyi (har zuwa -5 ° C).
Kulawar waje
Don dasa levkoy, an zaɓi yanki mai amfani, mai buɗewa. Ba a so cewa kafin wannan, sauran wakilan tsire-tsire masu raye-raye sun girma a kai, tunda ana iya kamuwa da ƙasa da cutar fungal. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace ba tare da lalata dunƙulewar ƙasa zuwa zurfin tsarin tushen ba. Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama kusan cm 20. Shuka ta fi kyau shirya yamma da yamma ko a ranar girgije. Tare da denser plantings, baƙar fata-kafa na yiwuwa. A kasar gona ya zama gaskiya kwance da kuma m, tare da tsaka tsaki acidity. Ba za a yarda da ƙasa mai yawa da tsauraran ruwa ba.
Mattiola al'ada ce wacce ba ta fassara ba. Tana buƙatar zafin haske mai ƙarfi da ƙasa, ƙasa mai kyau. Kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka a kai a kai, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo. Lokaci-lokaci, ya zama dole don sassauta kasar gona ta yadda wani amintaccen abu bai cika bayan ban ruwa ba. Hakanan ya kamata ku kula da jan raguna. Wannan fure yana shan wahala daga kusancin zuwa tsire-tsire masu zafin rai.
Ba a buƙatar ciyar da kayan abinci na Mattiole. Ya isa a cikin bazara don shayar da dasa tare da mafita daga takin ma'adinan hadaddun don fure. A kan m kasa, zaka iya yi gaba daya ba tare da hadi.
Cutar sankarar bargo na iya fama da cututtukan fungal, musamman daga "kafaƙar baƙar fata" da "keel kabeji." A matsayin prophylaxis, wanda ya isa ya lura da nisa da sako furanni, da kuma ba da damar waterlogging na kasar gona. Mafi yawan cututtukan da aka fi sani ga tsirran sune ƙwayayen kabeji, ƙafar boro da farin goge baki. Maganin kashe kwayoyin cutar zai taimaka da sauri don magance kwari.
Mattiola a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Mattiola na ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tsire-tsire waɗanda aka girma ba saboda karewar bayyanar haske ba, amma saboda ƙanshin ban mamaki. Kodayake nau'ikan nau'ikan terry na ado suna yin ado daidai gonar fure ko kuma ta dace da tsarin bouquet. A yanka, inji zai iya tsawan makonni biyu. An dasa Mattiola kusa da wuraren hutawa ko windows gidaje, saboda a maraice da dare, kuna jin daɗin ƙoshin ƙoshin ruwan Bahar Rum.
Za'a iya amfani da al'adun don barandawa da baranda, dasa shuki a cikin akwatuna da kwantena. Mafi kyawun maƙwabta a cikin lambun fure don levkoy sune lavender, Rosemary, kayan tsutsa na ado, reseda, thyme, thyme, phlox da nyvyanik.
