Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus itace ce mai tsiro tare da taushi, ganye mai kauri. Daga nesa, ana iya ɗaukar takaddun ganye don allura, amma basu da abin yi da ƙaya. Kodayake yana iya yin fure, ana kimanta shi daidai don kayan aikin furanni. A shuka nasa ne da iyali bishiyar asparagus. Wasu nau'ikan lalle abin ci ne, kamar ciyawar asparagus, amma nau'in kayan ado sun fi shahara a al'ada. An rarraba su a duk faɗin duniya, a cikin bangarori daban-daban na yanayi. Gida na wasu nau'in bishiyar asparagus shine Yammacin Turai, Amurka, Indiya, Japan, Misira. A cikin ƙasarmu, shuka iri ne na al'ada a cikin gida. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, bishiyar bishiyar asparagus takan zama mai kauri.
Bayanin Shuka
Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus itace guguwar perennial a cikin tsintsiya ko creeper. Rhizome mai tasowa yana tafiya zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Da farko, ana yin harbi mai karfi a karkashin kasa daga koda, sannan kawai sai tarin ayyukan kasa su girma daga shi. Dankin yana da ciyawa mai laushi. M kore kore har zuwa 1.5 m tsawon dauki aiki a cikin photosynthesis. An rufe su da sikandire, yawanci ƙasashe marasa tushe, ganye. Abin da talakawa ke kuskure don tsattsarkar da ganye ya zama kamar gajerun sarƙaƙƙen rassan allura (ɗakunan ajiya). Suna girma cikin bunches akan tsiro mai tsayi. A gindin taskõkin, wanda zai iya la'akari da m scaly ganye tare da wuya kakar.
Furanni a kan matasa harbe harbe shi kadai ko a cikin karamin corymbose inflorescences. A ɗaka, fure ke da wuya. Furanni suna girma a cikin axils na ganye. Nakasasshen nimbus shine bisexual ko kuma jinsi daya. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi guda shida waɗanda ke girma a cikin ƙananan 2 da kuma adadin adadin filamentous stamens. Uku mai fure uku a tsakiyar furen yana da ɗan gajeren shafi tare da ƙage. Lokacin da furanni Fade, kananan taso keya berries tare da kananan tsaba ripen. An ɓoye nama mai laushi ƙarƙashin fata mai laushi.
Bishiyar asparagus berries suna inedible! Kamar harbe-harbe, suna da guba, don haka yara da dabbobi sun fi dacewa ba su kusanci shuka ba.
Iri iri na bishiyar asparagus
Halittar bishiyar asparagus ya bambanta sosai kuma yana da yawa. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 200.
Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus (plumezus). Mazaunin gandun daji na Afirka masu daskarewa da na wurare masu zafi na Afirka ya girma a cikin irin ciyawa tare da harbe-harbe. Branaƙƙarfan lafazin da aka ɗauka mai tushe an rufe shi da ƙananan siyayyun kwanyar kusurwa mai tsayi har zuwa mm 5 mm Shootsan fari kamar (phyllocladius) 5-15 mm tsawon tsayi a cikin rukuni na 3-12. Godiya ga matakan tafiyar matakai a cikin jirgin sama na kwance, harbi daban yana kama da ganyen da aka yanke da murfi mai yawa. Kananan fararen furanni suna fure daban daban. Bayan pollination, ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi-fari tare da tsaba 1-3.
Bishiyar Asparagus Meyer. Itatuwan yana tsiro guda biyu har zuwa tsawon cm 50. Suna da ɗimbin yawa kuma an rufe su gaba ɗayan tsawon launuka masu haske, masu kama da allura. A harbe girma a cikin kowane kwatance. A waje, kowane mai kama yana kama da goge mai haɓaka.
Sparnger bishiyar asparagus (da yawan gaske an kunna ta). Itataccen ciyawa yana zaune a kan dutsen dutsen da ke Afirka ta Kudu. Wanda ake fitarwa mai tushe ya nutse har ƙasa kuma yayi girma zuwa 1.5 m. Subulate scaly bar har zuwa 4 mm tsawon kewaye daure na 2-4 madaidaiciya ko mai lankwasa phyllocladies har zuwa 3 cm a tsawon. Ana tattara furannin ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi ko fararen furanni tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi a cikin inflorescences corymbose. Bayan pollination, ja zagaye berries ripen.
Bishiyar bishiyar asparagus (falcate). Lian-like iri iri ke tsiro mai kauri zuwa 15 m tsawo kuma har zuwa kauri 1 cm. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na cikin gida, tsayin liana bai wuce mita 4. Manyan matakai a sifar da sikirin, kusan tsawon 8 cm, suna kan rassan ne a nesa nesa daga junan. yana aiwatar da hanyoyin a kaikaice. Yana fure furanni a cikin fure mai kamshi da ƙananan furanni mai mau kirim.
Bishiyar asparagus officinalis (talakawa). Yanayin yanayin zafi ya samo asali ne daga Arewacin Afirka. Fushin sa ciyawa ya girma daga cm 30-150. Sanyaccin sashi na aiwatar yana rufe da bunƙasoshin filastik. A gindin su, scaly ganye tare da kakar girma.
Asparagus shine dala. Harbe a kan bishiyoyi tare da tsawo na 50-150 cm girma a tsaye. An lulluɓe su da ɗan gajeren duhu kore phyllocladies, waɗanda ke cikin jirgin sama ɗaya. Kodayake ganye suna da taushi ga taɓawa, daga nesa ana iya kuskuren su don juniper.
Hanyoyin kiwo
A gida, bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ke yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, gero da rarrabuwa na rhizome. Ana fitar da tsaba daga tumatir na ripened kuma nan da nan an shuka shi cikin tukwane tare da sako-sako da ƙasa. An yafa masa wani yanki na bakin ciki, an shayar da shi a wani wuri mai dumi. Don hana danshi daga nitsewa da sauri, rufe akwati da fim. Bayan makonni 2-3, seedlings suka bayyana. An cire fim din, amma ana yayyafa ƙasar a kai a kai. Lokacin da mai tushe yayi girma 7-10 cm tsayi, da seedlings nutsar. Da farko, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka a hankali, amma sannu-sannu suna girma zuwa gajimaren kore mai duhu.
Yanke 8-10 cm tsayi ana yanka a cikin bazara. Suna kafe a cikin yashi mai dausayi a ƙarƙashin murfin rufe. Wajibi ne a haɗa da tsire-tsire tare da haske na yanayi da zazzabi na + 20 ... + 23 ° C. Ana shuka ciyawa kowace rana kuma ana yayyafa su. Za a dasa tushe da kyau kuma a daidaita shi cikin watanni 1-1.5, sannan a cire mafaka kuma a dasa bishiyar asparagus a cikin ƙasa.
A cikin bazara, yayin dasawa, za'a iya raba babban daji. Tsarin gewaye tare da tushen kansu yawanci ana yanke su. An dasa su a cikin kananan tukwane.
Shuka da kulawa da shuka
Tushen da bishiyar asparagus tayi girma da sauri, don haka suke juyawa da fure a shekara. Mafi kyawun lokacin don manne shine farkon lokacin bazara. An cire rhizome daga tukunya, an cire tsohuwar ƙasa kuma an yanke wani ɓangare na hanyoyin ƙasa. An kuma share tsoffin rassan. Ba da daɗewa ba matasa harbe za su bayyana. Wiwi yakamata ya zama mai fa'ida sosai, saboda wani lokacin ma kwantena ke iya fashewa a ƙarƙashin matsi na rhizomes. An zaɓi ƙasa don dasa shuki mai rauni acidic, sako-sako da abinci mai gina jiki. Ana iya haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin:
- takarda ƙasa;
- ƙasa turb
- yashi.
Haske A cikin yanayi, bishiyar bishiyar asparagus tayi girma a inuwar bishiyoyi masu zafi, don haka zata bushe a ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye. Haske ya kamata mai haske, amma ya bazu. A cikin ɗakin duhu, cladodias ya zama launin shuɗi da fadada. An sanya tukunyar cikin zurfi a cikin dakin kudu ko a kan windowsill na gabas (yamma) taga. Za a sami ɗan haske a ɗakin arewa kuma dole ne a yi amfani da fitilar.
Zazzabi A cikin haske mai kyau, yawan zafin jiki na iska shine + 20 ... + 24 ° C. A cikin zafi mai zafi, yana da amfani mutum ya ɗauki fure a waje zuwa wani wuri mai inuwa da kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, yawanci yakan sha iska. A cikin hunturu, tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana, sanyaya zuwa + 10 ° C ba zai ba da izinin harbe su shimfiɗa sosai ba.
Haushi. Bishiyar asparagus na iya girma tare da zafi na yau da kullun, amma zai yi godiya don fesawa da wanka. Ruwan shayi mai ɗumi yana cire ƙura yana hana kwaro.
Watse. Wajibi ne a sha ruwa sau da yawa. An kare ruwa sosai don kawar da sinadarin chlorine. Shouldasa ta kamata ya bushe ba ko da a farfajiya ba, amma ba a yarda da kwararar ruwa ba. Tare da rashin ruwa a cikin ƙasa, ganyayyakin bishiyar asparagus ɗin sun zama rawaya kuma suna faɗuwa. Lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka, an rage ruwa don kada naman naman yayi gaba.
Taki. Bishiyar asparagus ana ciyar da ita kawai daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Yi amfani da maganin ma'adinin ma'adinai don tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu ƙyalli. Ana shafawa ga kasar gona maimakon yin ruwa sau biyu a wata.
Kirkirar kafa. Halin da aka yi wa pruning a cikin yawancin nau'ikan bishiyar asparagus yana da takamaiman bayani. Kodan da ke cikin ƙasa ta fara haɓaka, daga abin da harbi ke tsiro. Idan an yanke kara zuwa tsayin da ake buƙata, matakai na gaba da kuma phyllocladia ba su kafa ba kuma ci gaba yana tsayawa. Dankin zai fara samar da sabon toho. Cutar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus kaɗai za'a iya yanka Sauran nau'in suna da goyan baya kuma sun haɗu da yadda za'a murƙushe harbe da ado, komai tsawon lokacin su. Yi amfani da tsani, karkataccen kayan kwalliya, jagora daga layin kamun kifi ko bada damar mai rataye daga tukunyar ɓoyayyen. A wani tsohuwar daji, an yanke hanyoyin bushewa da bushewa.
Cutar da kwari. Sai kawai tare da tsawan ambaliya na kasar gona da ƙananan yanayin zafi, bishiyar asparagus tana shafar tushen lalacewa. Sauran cututtukan ba mummunar shuka ba ne. Babban kwaro shine gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Yana yawan kaiwa hari lokacin da iska tayi zafi sosai da bushewa. Wasu lokuta ya isa don wanke harbe a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai zafi (har zuwa 45 ° C). A cikin manyan lokuta, ana amfani da kwari.
Amfani da bishiyar asparagus
Kyakkyawan daskararren ciyawar kore suna da matukar shahara tare da lambu. Za a iya samun tukwane da tsire-tsire a cikin shinge da ɗakunan gine-ginen gidaje, ofisoshi da hukumomin gwamnati. Hakanan, ana yanke bishiyar Kirsimeti kamar bishiyoyi don yin furanni.
Ana amfani da bishiyar asparagus a matsayin abinci. Wannan sanannen bishiyar asparagus ne. An girma a cikin lambu kamar kayan lambu. Ana girbe mai tushe a ƙasa (kusan 18-20 cm tsayi) tare da toho mara tushe. Harbe yana da wadata a cikin bitamin da abubuwa masu aiki. Suna gwangwani da kuma dafaffen. Don dandana, ana iya kwatanta kwanar tare da Peas kore.
Tushen bishiyar asparagus ya ƙunshi ascorbic acid, saponins, alkaloid na bishiyar asparagine, coumarins, amino acid, da kuma ma'adinan ma'adinai. Daga cikinsu sanya kayan ado da infusions wadanda ke taimaka wajan magance cututtukan da ke tafe:
- jaundice
- rashin haihuwa
- gout
- ciwon sukari mellitus;
- tachycardia;
- fargaba
- rheumatism
Magungunan suna da madara, diaphoretic, analgesic, antibacterial, immunomodulatory effects. Mutane da yawa suna ta amfani da su tsawon shekaru 2,000.
